Verify and mock function calls with hamjest matchers.
Contents
- verify function calls: how many calls, which arguments
- utilize hamcrest style assertions using matchers (compact self-describing expressions of expectation)
- reuse existing matchers of hamjest or write your own matchers - see matcher doc for details
- and the real benefit (that applies for hamjest in general):
- write readable tests
- get a useful description of why a test failed,
- make fixing a test easier
- specify what the function should return in general
- specify what the function should return when called with specific arguments
- use hamjest matchers to express function call arguments
And finally, the syntax will be familiar to you if you come from Java and know how to write tests with mockito and hamcrest.
let spyFunction = spy(); // create the a spy function
someProductiveFunction(spyFunction); // pass it elsewhere
assertThat(spyFunction, wasCalled()); // check it was called internally
assertThat(spyFunction, wasNotCalled()); // or maybe check it was not calledOne of the assertions will fail. Let's check the output:
AssertionError:
Expected: a function that was not called
but: was called 1 time
Express how often a function should be called.
let fun = spy();
fun(); fun(); fun(); // say it was called 3 times
assertThat(fun, wasCalled().times(2)); // but actually it should be called 2 timesYou will see:
AssertionError:
Expected: a function that was called 2 times
but: was called 3 times
One simple example that shows how to check a function was called with a specific argument:
let fn = spy();
fn(42); fn(42); fn('wat'); fn('wat'); fn(); fn('42', {a: [1,2,3]});
assertThat(fn, wasCalledWith(42).times(3)); // called with 42 three timesWill yield:
AssertionError:
Expected: a function that was called 3 times with arguments: <42>
but: was called 2 times with expected arguments; and was also called
2 times with: ("wat")
1 time with: ()
1 time with: ("42", {"a":[1,2,3]})
One key feature is that you can use matchers to express expectations of call arguments. They make your tests more readable, can easily be reused across tests and produce a verbose description of an expectation that has not been met. This can make writing and fixing tests much easier:
let fn = spy();
fn(42, [1, 2, 3]);
fn(42, [2, 33, 44]);
fn(42, ['a', 33, 2]);
assertThat(fn, wasCalledWith(anything(), hasItem('a'))); // passes
assertThat(fn, wasCalledWith(42, hasItem(2)).times(2)); // failsWill give you:
AssertionError:
Expected: a function that was called 2 times with arguments: <42>, an array containing <2>
but: was called 3 times with expected arguments; and no other call was made
If you wonder where anything() and hasItem() matchers come from, which other matchers exist or how to write matchers, see documentation for existing matchers or how to write custom masters.
The spy() object also offers ways to specify what to return inside production code if called with specific arguments.
// spy can just wrap a dummy (or production) function that is called whenever the spy is called.
let fn = spy(x => x + 5);
fn(10); // will return 15
// additionally when called with 0, it returns -6
fn.whenCalledWith(0).doReturn(-6);
// use matchers to express arguments
fn.whenCalledWith(hasItem(5)).doReturn(0);
fn([3, 4, 5, 6]); // returns 0 because the array contains 5
// match more than one argument
fn.whenCalledWith(is(2), undef(), hasItem(2)).doReturn(100);
// let the mock throw an error under some circumstances
fn.whenCalledWith(undef(), 'snafu').doThrow('wow, undefined');Returns a FunctionMatcher object that matches a given spy function if it was called.
It takes no arguments.
Returns a FunctionMatcher object that matches a given spy function if it was not called.
It takes no arguments.
Implementation hint: it is a shortcut for wasCalled().times(0).
Returns a FunctionMatcher object that matches a given spy function if it was called with matching arguments.
It takes zero, one or many arguments where an argument can be
- a matcher that should match one call argument
- any value that should be deep equal to one call argument.
Returns a spy function.
A spy function records the number of calls and arguments it was called with. Validation is performed using a FunctionMatcher.
When a defaultFunction is given as an argument, calls of the spy function are delegated to that given function and the result is returned.
If no function is passed as an argument, the spy function returns undefined when it is called.
Trains the spy function to return returnValue when it is called with arguments that match arg1, arg2, .... Match rules and argument types are the same as in wasCalledWith().
Trains the spy function to throw error when it is called with arguments that match arg1, arg2, .... Match rules and argument types are the same as in wasCalledWith().
When the spy function is called with arguments that would match more than one trained result using whenCalledWith(), the first trained result applies.
When the spy function is called and it does not match a trained result using whenCalledWith(), the call is delegated to defaultFunction and its result is returned, or undefined returned if no defaultFunction was specified.
A matcher class that matches number of calls and/or call arguments of a given spy function.
Instances are created with one of the creator functions (see above).
Sets the expected number of calls (integer) of a spy function.
It returns the current FunctionMatcher object.
These methods are part of matchers and are meant for internal use:
FunctionMatcher.prototype.matches(actual)
FunctionMatcher.prototype.describeTo(description)
FunctionMatcher.prototype.describeMismatch(actual, description)