- Introduction
- Interactive Session Example (a.k.a. "why use
mopy?") - Requirements
- Installation
- Mopy classes
- Mopy properties
- Examples of mopy in use
- Developers
mopy is the Music Ontology Python library, designed to provide easy to use python bindings for Music Ontology terms for the creation and manipulation of Music Ontology data. mopy includes :
- All terms from :
- the Music Ontology
- the Friend of a Friend (FOAF) ontology
- the Timeline ontology
- the Chord Ontology
- ...
- Easy conversion between RDF data and mopy objects
- RDF can be read/written in XML or N3 format
- Type checking based on ontology definitions, to aid correct usage of ontology terms
Using rdflib directly, somebody might try to write about their friend who's in a band as follows :
Python 2.4.4 (#1, Oct 18 2006, 10:34:39)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5341)] on darwin
>>> import rdflib
>>> from rdflib import URIRef, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, Namespace
>>> g = rdflib.ConjunctiveGraph()
>>> me = URIRef("http://mydomain.org/me")
>>> FOAF_ns = Namespace("http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/")
>>> g.add((me, RDF.type, FOAF_ns["Person"]))
>>> g.add((me, FOAF_ns["name"], Literal("Joe Bloggs")))
>>> artist = URIRef("http://zeitgeist.com/music/artist/FIXME")
>>> MO_ns = Namespace("http://purl.org/ontology/mo/")
>>> g.add((artist, RDF.type, MO_ns["music_artist"]))
>>> g.add((artist, FOAF_ns["nam"], Literal("Superstar artist")))
>>> g.add((me, FOAF_ns["interest"], artist))
>>> g.add((me, FOAF_ns["knows"], artist))
This can get quite tedious. Plus, there are mistakes (typo "name" property to "nam", they meant mo:SoloMusicArtist rather than mo:music_artist, and foaf:interest is intended to link to a page about a topic of interest, not the topic itself) and it's not easy to fix mistakes. For example, if the user needs to change the URI of the artist, they'll have to write a loop to update all triples of relevance.
Here's the equivalent session using mopy :
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5341)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import mopy
>>> me = mopy.foaf.Person("http://mydomain.org/me")
>>> me.name = "Joe Bloggs"
>>> artist = mopy.mo.music_artist("http://zeitgeist.com/music/artist/FIXME")
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'music_artist'
>>> dir(mopy.mo)
['AnalogSignal', 'Arrangement', 'Arranger', 'AudioFile', 'CD', 'Composer', 'Composition', 'Conductor',
'CorporateBody', 'DAT', 'DCC', 'DVDA', 'DigitalSignal', 'ED2K', 'Festival', 'Genre', 'Instrument',
'Instrumentation', 'Label', 'Libretto', 'Listener', 'Lyrics', 'MD', 'MagneticTape', 'Medium', 'Movement',
'MusicArtist', 'MusicGroup', 'MusicalExpression', 'MusicalItem', 'MusicalManifestation', 'MusicalWork',
'Orchestration', 'Performance', 'Performer', 'PublishedLibretto', 'PublishedLyrics', 'PublishedScore', 'Record',
'Recording', 'ReleaseStatus', 'ReleaseType', 'SACD', 'Score', 'Show', 'Signal', 'SoloMusicArtist', 'Sound',
'SoundEngineer', 'Stream', 'Torrent', 'Track', 'Vinyl', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
'__path__', 'album', 'audiobook', 'bootleg', 'compilation', 'ep', 'interview', 'live', 'mopy', 'official',
'promotion', 'remix', 'soundtrack', 'spokenword']
>>> artist = mopy.mo.SoloMusicArtist("http://zeitgeist.com/music/artist/FIXME")
>>> artist.nam = "Superstar Artist"
AttributeError: Not allowed add new attributes to classes ! Typo ?
>>> artist.name = "Superstar Artist"
>>> me.interest = artist
TypeError: Invalid type ! Got <class 'mopy.model.mo___MusicArtist'> but expected one of : <class 'mopy.model.foaf___Document'>
>>> help (mopy.foaf.Person.interest)
Help on property:
A page about a topic of interest to this person.
>>> me.knows = artist
The user has avoided the mistakes which are so easy to make dealing directly with triples, and they can then update the artist's URI as easily as :
>>> artist.URI = "http://zitgist.com/music/artist/62b86b55-e0aa-446f-b326-054576968310"
- Written and tested on python 2.4 but may work fine on 2.3 or 2.5 or higher - let us know if you try :)
- Python libraries :
- rdflib v2.4.0 (easy_install)
To install mopy, either clone the mopy project from Git and run genpy.py to generate mopy's package files, or download the mopy package directly from GitHub. For now, just copy the mopy directory into your working directory, or your python's library directory, we'll be releasing an easier-to-install package soon :)
Start by importing the mopy package :
>>> import mopy
Terms and instances are organised by namespace :
>>> dir(mopy)
['MusicInfo', 'PropertySet', 'RDFInterface', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
'__path__', 'chord', 'event', 'exportRDFFile', 'exportRDFGraph', 'foaf', 'frbr', 'geo', 'importRDFFile',
'importRDFGraph', 'key', 'mo', 'model', 'owl', 'rdfs', 'time', 'timeline', 'tzont']
>>> dir(mopy.key)
['Key', 'Note', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__path__', 'mopy']
And you can pull terms from a particular ontology as you'd expect :
>>> from mopy.mo import MusicArtist, Record, Performance
To check what properties an object can take, use dir :
>>> dir(mopy.mo.MusicArtist)
Constructors take the URI of the resource, or if omitted, act as blank nodes :
>>> band1 = mopy.mo.MusicGroup()
>>> print band1
-- MusicGroup --
>>> band2 = mopy.mo.MusicGroup("http://band2.com/us")
>>> print band2
-- MusicGroup @ http://band2.com/us --
Properties are all treated as sets (so have no ordering), but we provide the shortcut of the '=' operator to assign a one element set :
>>> band1.name = "awesome band"
>>> band1.name.add("DEATH MONKEYS")
>>> print band1
-- MusicGroup --
name : DEATH MONKEYS
name : awesome band
>>> member_names = ["Baz", "Bill", "Bob", "Clifton"]
>>> for m in member_names:
... member = mopy.mo.SoloMusicArtist()
... member.name = m
... band1.member.add(member)
...
>>> print band1
-- MusicGroup --
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'>
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'>
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'>
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'>
name : DEATH MONKEYS
name : awesome band
>>> print "\n".join(str(x) for x in band1.member)
-- SoloMusicArtist --
name : Baz
-- SoloMusicArtist --
name : Bill
-- SoloMusicArtist --
name : Bob
-- SoloMusicArtist --
name : Clifton
To bundle up multiple mopy objects for serialisation, you can use the MusicInfo class :
>>> mi = mopy.MusicInfo([band1] + list(band1.member))
>>> for o in mi.MusicGroupIdx.values():
... print o
-- MusicGroup @ http://band1.com/us --
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'> @ blind:5429B6CE9A4F5096
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'> @ blind:7EA44980E55B36F6
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'> @ blind:367299F35DFDD780
member : <class 'mopy.model.mo___SoloMusicArtist'> @ blind:47FF277BE93C35CD
name : DEATH MONKEYS
name : awesome band
>>> for o in mi.SoloMusicArtistIdx.values():
... print o
-- SoloMusicArtist @ blind:7EA44980E55B36F6 --
name : Bill
-- SoloMusicArtist @ blind:367299F35DFDD780 --
name : Bob
-- SoloMusicArtist @ blind:5429B6CE9A4F5096 --
name : Baz
-- SoloMusicArtist @ blind:47FF277BE93C35CD --
name : Clifton
Two python objects with the same URI will become a single python object within the MusicInfo object :
>>> mi2 = mopy.MusicInfo()
>>> a1 = mopy.mo.MusicArtist("http://example.org/x")
>>> a1.name = "Martin"
>>> a2 = mopy.mo.MusicArtist("http://example.org/x")
>>> a2.name = "Martin Jones"
>>> mi2.add(a1)
>>> mi2.add(a2)
>>> for o in mi2.MainIdx.values():
... print o
-- MusicArtist @ http://example.org/x --
name : Martin Jones
name : Martin
The functions in mopy.RDFInterface allow for creation of MusicInfo objects by reading in RDF, and the serialisation of MusicInfo objects as RDF (in XML or N3 format). eg.
>>> mopy.RDFInterface.exportRDFFile(mi, "greatband.rdf", "n3")
produces:
@prefix _25: <http://band1.com/>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix mo: <http://purl.org/ontology/mo/>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
_25:us a mo:MusicGroup;
foaf:member [ a mo:SoloMusicArtist;
foaf:name "Bob"],
[ a mo:SoloMusicArtist;
foaf:name "Clifton"],
[ a mo:SoloMusicArtist;
foaf:name "Bill"],
[ a mo:SoloMusicArtist;
foaf:name "Baz"];
foaf:name "DEATH MONKEYS",
"awesome band".
- The
gnatproject is usingmopyto store information about a user's music collection.
eg. for metadata lookup : (from AudioCollection.py)
lookup = MbzTrackLookup(filename)
mbzuri = lookup.getMbzTrackURI()
mbzconvert = MbzURIConverter(mbzuri)
af = AudioFile(urlencode(os.path.basename(filename)))
mbz = Track(mbzconvert.getURI())
mbz.available_as = af
mi.add(af); mi.add(mbz)
-
A more detailed use can be found in the FPTrackLookup.py fingerprinting file.
-
Some Chord Ontology convertor tools are using mopy's timeline and chord ontology support to convert existing transcription formats to RDF.
eg. from labchords2RDF.py:
tl = RelativeTimeLine("#tl")
tl.label = "Timeline derived from "+infilename
tl.maker = program
mi.add(tl)
intervalNum = 0
for line in lines:
i = Interval("#i"+str(intervalNum))
try:
[start_s, end_s, label] = parseLabLine(line)
i.beginsAtDuration = secondsToXSDDuration(start_s)
i.endsAtDuration = secondsToXSDDuration(end_s)
i.label = "Interval containing "+label+" chord."
i.onTimeLine = tl
# Produce chord object for the label :
chordURI = "http://purl.org/ontology/chord/symbol/"+label.replace("#","s")
c = mopy.chord.Chord(chordURI)
c_event = mopy.chord.ChordEvent("#ce"+str(intervalNum))
c_event.chord = c
c_event.time = i
except Exception, e:
raise Exception("Problem parsing input file at line "+str(intervalNum+1)+" !\n"+str(e))
mi.add(i)
mi.add(c)
mi.add(c_event)
intervalNum+=1
- The MyPySpace project is using
mopyto model FOAF relationships between MySpace users.
- Christopher Sutton :
chris (at) chrissutton (dot) org - Yves Raimond :
yves (at) dbtune (dot) org
The old project repository location at SourceForge is now deprecated. All new developments will be pushed to this repository location here at GitHub.