Add mach-o support (#1)

* Add mach-o support

* Update readme

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Analyse binaries for missing security features, information disclosure and more.
 
-:construction: Extrude is in the early stages of development, and currently only supports ELF binaries.
+:construction: Extrude is in the early stages of development, and currently only supports ELF and MachO binaries. PE (Windows) binaries will be supported soon.
 
 ![Screenshot](screenshot.png)
 
@@ -27,9 +27,31 @@ You can optionally run extrude with docker via:
 docker run -v `pwd`:/blah -it ghcr.io/liamg/extrude /blah/targetfile
 ```
 
+## Supported Checks
+
+### ELF
+
+- PIE
+- RELRO
+- BIND NOW
+- Fortified Source
+- Stack Canary
+- NX Stack
+
+### MachO
+
+- PIE
+- Stack Canary
+- NX Stack
+- NX Heap
+- ARC
+
+### Windows
+
+_Coming soon..._
+
 ## TODO
 
-- Add support for Mach-o
 - Add support for PE
 - Add secret scanning
 - Detect packers

pkg/format/definitions.go

@@ -20,15 +20,10 @@ var definitions = []definition{
  },
  },
  {
- format: MachO32,
+ format: MachO,
  signatures: [][]byte{
  {0xfe, 0xed, 0xfa, 0xce},
  {0xce, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xfe},
- },
- },
- {
- format: MachO64,
- signatures: [][]byte{
  {0xfe, 0xed, 0xfa, 0xcf},
  {0xcf, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xfe},
  },

pkg/format/formats.go

@@ -7,19 +7,16 @@ type Format uint8
 const (
  Unknown Format = iota
  ELF
- MachO32
- MachO64
+ MachO
  PE
 )
 
 func (f Format) Short() string {
  switch f {
  case ELF:
  return "ELF"
- case MachO32:
- return "Mach-O 32"
- case MachO64:
- return "Mach-O 64"
+ case MachO:
+ return "Mach-O"
  case PE:
  return "PE"
  }
@@ -30,10 +27,8 @@ func (f Format) Long() string {
  switch f {
  case ELF:
  return "Executable and Linkable Format"
- case MachO32:
- return "32-bit Mach Object File"
- case MachO64:
- return "64-bit Mach Object File"
+ case MachO:
+ return "Mach Object File"
  case PE:
  return "Portable Executable"
  }

pkg/format/sniff_test.go

@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ func TestFormatSniffing(t *testing.T) {
  }{
  {
  content: []byte{0xfe, 0xed, 0xfa, 0xce},
- expected: MachO32,
+ expected: MachO,
  },
  {
  content: []byte{0xce, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xfe},
- expected: MachO32,
+ expected: MachO,
  },
  {
  content: []byte{0xfe, 0xed, 0xfa, 0xcf},
- expected: MachO64,
+ expected: MachO,
  },
  {
  content: []byte{0xcf, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xfe},
- expected: MachO64,
+ expected: MachO,
  },
  {
  content: []byte{0x7f, 'E', 'L', 'F'},

pkg/parser/macho/analyse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package macho
+
+import "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/parser/macho/hardening"
+
+func (m *Metadata) analyse() error {
+
+ if m.fat != nil {
+ var coreAttr hardening.Attributes
+ for _, arch := range m.fat.Arches {
+ attr := hardening.IdentifyAttributes(arch.File)
+ coreAttr = coreAttr.Merge(attr)
+ }
+ m.Hardening = coreAttr
+ } else {
+ m.Hardening = hardening.IdentifyAttributes(m.thin)
+ }
+
+ return nil
+}

pkg/parser/macho/hardening/arc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package hardening
+
+import (
+ "debug/macho"
+)
+
+func checkAutomaticReferenceCounting(f *macho.File) bool {
+ symbols, err := f.ImportedSymbols()
+ if err != nil {
+ return false
+ }
+ for _, imp := range symbols {
+ if imp == "_objc_release" {
+ return true
+ }
+ }
+ return false
+}

pkg/parser/macho/hardening/encryption.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package hardening
+
+import "debug/macho"
+
+const (
+ EncInfo32 = 0x21
+ EncInfo64 = 0x2c
+)
+
+func checkEncrypted(f *macho.File) bool {
+ return f.Symtab.Cmd&EncInfo32 > 0 || f.Symtab.Cmd&EncInfo64 > 0
+}

pkg/parser/macho/hardening/hardening.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package hardening
+
+import "debug/macho"
+
+type Attributes struct {
+ init bool
+ PositionIndependentExecutable bool
+ StackExecutionNotAllowed bool
+ HeapExecutionNotAllowed bool
+ StackProtected bool
+ AutomaticReferenceCounting bool
+ Encrypted bool
+}
+
+func (a Attributes) Merge(b Attributes) Attributes {
+ if !a.init {
+ return b
+ }
+ if !b.init {
+ return a
+ }
+ return Attributes{
+ PositionIndependentExecutable: a.PositionIndependentExecutable && b.PositionIndependentExecutable,
+ StackExecutionNotAllowed: a.StackExecutionNotAllowed && b.StackExecutionNotAllowed,
+ HeapExecutionNotAllowed: a.HeapExecutionNotAllowed && b.HeapExecutionNotAllowed,
+ StackProtected: a.StackProtected && b.StackProtected,
+ AutomaticReferenceCounting: a.AutomaticReferenceCounting && b.AutomaticReferenceCounting,
+ Encrypted: a.Encrypted && b.Encrypted,
+ }
+}
+
+func IdentifyAttributes(f *macho.File) Attributes {
+ return Attributes{
+ init: true,
+ PositionIndependentExecutable: f.Flags&macho.FlagPIE > 0,
+ StackExecutionNotAllowed: f.Flags&macho.FlagAllowStackExecution == 0,
+ HeapExecutionNotAllowed: f.Flags&macho.FlagNoHeapExecution > 0,
+ StackProtected: checkStackProtected(f),
+ AutomaticReferenceCounting: checkAutomaticReferenceCounting(f),
+ Encrypted: checkEncrypted(f),
+ }
+}

pkg/parser/macho/hardening/stack.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package hardening
+
+import (
+ "debug/macho"
+)
+
+func checkStackProtected(f *macho.File) bool {
+ symbols, err := f.ImportedSymbols()
+ if err != nil {
+ return false
+ }
+ for _, imp := range symbols {
+ if imp == "___stack_chk_fail" || imp == "___stack_chk_guard" {
+ return true
+ }
+ }
+ return false
+}

pkg/parser/macho/metadata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package macho
+
+import (
+ "debug/macho"
+
+ "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/format"
+ "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/parser/macho/hardening"
+)
+
+type Metadata struct {
+ File struct {
+ Path string
+ Name string
+ Format format.Format
+ }
+ Hardening hardening.Attributes
+ thin *macho.File
+ fat *macho.FatFile
+ Notes []Note
+}
+
+type Note struct {
+ Heading string
+ Content string
+}

pkg/parser/macho/parser.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package macho
+
+import (
+ "debug/macho"
+ "io"
+ "path/filepath"
+
+ "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/format"
+ "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/report"
+)
+
+type parser struct{}
+
+func New() *parser {
+ return &parser{}
+}
+
+func (*parser) Parse(r io.ReaderAt, path string, format format.Format) (report.Reporter, error) {
+
+ var metadata Metadata
+
+ metadata.File.Path = path
+ metadata.File.Name = filepath.Base(path)
+ metadata.File.Format = format
+
+ fat, err := macho.NewFatFile(r)
+ if err != nil {
+ if err != macho.ErrNotFat {
+ return nil, err
+ }
+ thin, err := macho.NewFile(r)
+ if err != nil {
+ return nil, err
+ }
+ defer func() { _ = thin.Close() }()
+ metadata.thin = thin
+ } else {
+ defer func() { _ = fat.Close() }()
+ metadata.fat = fat
+ }
+
+ if err := metadata.analyse(); err != nil {
+ return nil, err
+ }
+ return &metadata, nil
+}

pkg/parser/macho/report.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package macho
+
+import (
+ "strings"
+
+ "github.com/liamg/extrude/pkg/report"
+)
+
+func (m *Metadata) CreateReport() (report.Report, error) {
+ rep := report.New()
+
+ overview := report.NewSection("Overview")
+
+ overview.AddKeyValue("File", m.File.Path)
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Format", m.File.Format.String())
+
+ if m.fat != nil {
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Universal", "Yes (Fat)")
+ var arches []string
+ for _, arch := range m.fat.Arches {
+ arches = append(arches, arch.Cpu.String())
+ }
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Architectures", strings.Join(arches, ", "))
+ } else {
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Univeral", "No (Thin)")
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Type", m.thin.Type.String())
+ overview.AddKeyValue("Architecture", m.thin.Cpu.String())
+ }
+
+ rep.AddSection(overview)
+
+ security := report.NewSection("Security Features")
+
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Position Independent Executable",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.PositionIndependentExecutable),
+ `A PIE binary and all of its dependencies are loaded into random locations within virtual memory each time the application is executed. This makes Return Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks much more difficult to execute reliably.`,
+ )
+
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Stack Canary",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.StackProtected),
+ `A "canary" value is pushed onto the stack immediately after the function return pointer. The canary value is then checked before the function returns; if it has changed, the program will abort. This makes buffer overflow attacks much more difficult to carry out.`,
+ )
+
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Non-Executable Stack",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.StackExecutionNotAllowed),
+ `Preventing the stack from being executable means that malicious code injected onto the stack cannot be run.`,
+ )
+
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Non-Executable Heap",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.HeapExecutionNotAllowed),
+ `Preventing the heap from being executable means that malicious code written to the heap cannot be run.`,
+ )
+
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Automatic Reference Counting",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.AutomaticReferenceCounting),
+ `ARC is a runtime memory safety mechanism which keeps track of objects and frees them once they are no longer referenced.`,
+ )
+
+ /* In progress...
+ security.AddTest(
+ "Encryption",
+ boolToResult(m.Hardening.Encrypted),
+ ``,
+ )
+ */
+
+ rep.AddSection(security)
+
+ if len(m.Notes) > 0 {
+ notes := report.NewSection("Other Findings")
+ for _, note := range m.Notes {
+ notes.AddTest(note.Heading, report.Warning, note.Content)
+ }
+ rep.AddSection(notes)
+ }
+
+ return rep, nil
+}
+
+func boolToResult(in bool) report.Result {
+ if in {
+ return report.Pass
+ }
+ return report.Fail
+}