Revert "Revert "Add example from coq/coq#16172 (#22)""

This reverts commit 19ae4cd.

src/exponential_extraction.v

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Module Type T.
+Parameter t : Type.
+End T.
+
+Module F (X:T).
+ (* number of occurences determines the exponential: here 4 *)
+ Definition t : Type := X.t * X.t * X.t * X.t.
+End F.
+
+Require Import Coq.extraction.Extraction.
+
+Module A0. Definition t := nat. End A0.
+
+Module A1 := F A0.
+Module A2 := F A1.
+Module A3 := F A2.
+Module A4 := F A3.
+Module A5 := F A4.
+Module A6 := F A5.
+Module A7 := F A6.
+Module A8 := F A7.
+Module A9 := F A8.
+
+Set Boolean Equality Schemes.
+Time Record Foo5 := { foo5 : A5.t }. (* 0.037s *)
+Time Record Foo6 := { foo6 : A6.t }. (* 0.06 s *)
+Time Record Foo7 := { foo7 : A7.t }. (* 0.248s *)
+Time Record Foo8 := { foo8 : A8.t }. (* 1.015s *)
+Time Record Foo9 := { foo9 : A9.t }. (* 3.811s *)
+
+Time Redirect "A5" Recursive Extraction A5.t. (* 0.009s *)
+Time Redirect "A6" Recursive Extraction A6.t. (* 0.041s *)
+Time Redirect "A7" Recursive Extraction A7.t. (* 0.177s *)
+Time Redirect "A8" Recursive Extraction A8.t. (* 0.744s *)
+Time Redirect "A9" Recursive Extraction A9.t. (* 3.12 s *)