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# 转向机构模型 | ||
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- [__转向臂__](#pitman_arm) | ||
- [__齿条齿轮__](#rack_pinion) | ||
- [__旋臂__](#rotary_arm) | ||
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基类 [ChSteering](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_steering.html) 规定任何派生的转向机构类(转向机构模板)都应提供一个转向连杆体,可转向悬架可以与其连接(通常通过悬架的转向连杆)。 | ||
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派生转向机构类型定义特定类型的转向机构的主体、关节、力元素和拓扑。所有位置均假定相对于机构参考系提供(派生转向机构类型可以自由选择此框架的位置和方向)。 | ||
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通过指定机构组件参考系相对于底盘参考系的位置和方向(参见 [ISO 参考系](https://api.projectchrono.org/vehicle_overview.html#vehicle_ISO_frame) 的定义),将转向机构组件安装到车辆底盘上。 | ||
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轮式车辆可能有多个转向机构,每个转向机构与不同的转向车轴相关联。同样,单个转向机构可以连接到多个转向车轴。 | ||
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## 转向臂 <span id="pitman_arm"></span> | ||
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该转向机构为四连杆机构,转向连杆体通过转向臂和惰臂与底盘相连。转向臂体通过万向节与转向连杆相连,通过旋转关节与底盘相连。驾驶员转向输入用于控制旋转关节的角度。在 Chrono::Vehicle 转向臂模板中,惰臂采用复合旋转球关节建模。 | ||
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参见 [ChPitmanArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_pitman_arm.html) 和 [PitmanArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_pitman_arm.html) 。 | ||
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![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_bodies.png) | ||
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本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_topology.png) | ||
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承力点如下: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_points.png) | ||
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具有 PitmanArm 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下: | ||
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```json | ||
{ | ||
"Name": "HMMWV Pitman Arm Steering", | ||
"Type": "Steering", | ||
"Template": "PitmanArm", | ||
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"Vehicle-Frame Inertia": false, | ||
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"Steering Link": | ||
{ | ||
"Mass": 3.681, | ||
"COM": [0.129, 0, 0], | ||
"Moments of Inertia": [0.252, 0.00233, 0.254], | ||
"Products of Inertia": [0, 0, 0], | ||
"Radius": 0.03 | ||
}, | ||
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"Pitman Arm": | ||
{ | ||
"Mass": 1.605, | ||
"COM": [0.064, 0.249, 0], | ||
"Moments of Inertia": [0.00638, 0.00756, 0.00150], | ||
"Products of Inertia": [0, 0, 0], | ||
"Radius": 0.02 | ||
}, | ||
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"Revolute Joint": | ||
{ | ||
"Location": [0, 0.249, 0], | ||
"Direction": [0, 0, 1], | ||
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 30 | ||
}, | ||
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"Universal Joint": | ||
{ | ||
"Location": [ 0.129, 0.249, 0], | ||
"Direction Arm": [0, 0, 1], | ||
"Direction Link": [1, 0, 0] | ||
}, | ||
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"Revolute-Spherical Joint": | ||
{ | ||
"Location Chassis": [0, -0.325, 0], | ||
"Location Link": [0.129, -0.325, 0], | ||
"Direction": [0, 0, 1] | ||
}, | ||
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"Tierod Locations": | ||
{ | ||
"Pitman Side": [0.195, 0.448, 0.035], | ||
"Idler Side": [0.195, -0.448, 0.035] | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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## 齿条齿轮 <span id="rack_pinion"></span> | ||
Chrono::Vehicle 齿条齿轮转向模板是齿条齿轮转向机构的运动学模型。转向连杆体通过棱柱关节连接到底盘。齿条位移计算如下: | ||
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d= r (α最大限度s ) | ||
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其中r是小齿轮半径,α最大限度 是最大小齿轮角,并且s ∈ [ − 1 , 1 ]是驾驶员的转向输入。该位移用于控制转向连杆的平移。 | ||
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参见 [ChRackPinion](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_rack_pinion.html) 和 [RackPinion](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_rack_pinion.html) 。 | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_bodies.png) | ||
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本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_topology.png) | ||
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受力点如下: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_points.png) | ||
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具有 RackPinion 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下: | ||
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```json | ||
{ | ||
"Name": "HMMWV Rack-Pinion Steering", | ||
"Type": "Steering", | ||
"Template": "RackPinion", | ||
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"Steering Link": | ||
{ | ||
"Mass": 9.072, | ||
"COM": 0, | ||
"Inertia": [1, 1, 1], | ||
"Radius": 0.03, | ||
"Length": 0.896 | ||
}, | ||
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"Pinion": | ||
{ | ||
"Radius": 0.1, | ||
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 50 | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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## 旋臂 <span id="rotary_arm"></span> | ||
旋转臂转向是一种绕轴旋转的简单杠杆臂。它与实心摇臂轴和实心前束轴配合使用。它通常用作卡车、农用拖拉机和联合收割机的转向系统。 | ||
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参见 [ChRotaryArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_rotary_arm.html) 和 [RotaryArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_rotary_arm.html) 。 | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_bodies.png) | ||
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本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_topology.png) | ||
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受力点如下: | ||
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![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_points.png) | ||
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具有 RotaryArm 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下: | ||
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```json | ||
{ | ||
"Name": "UAZBUS Rotary-Arm Steering", | ||
"Type": "Steering", | ||
"Template": "RotaryArm", | ||
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"Pitman Arm": | ||
{ | ||
"Mass": 5.0, | ||
"Inertia": [0.00638, 0.00756, 0.00150], | ||
"Inertia Products": [0, 0, 0], | ||
"Radius": 0.03, | ||
"Axis of Rotation": [0, 1, 0], // arm-chassis revolute joint | ||
"Point of Rotation": [0.6, 0.5325, 0.4], // location of chassis connection | ||
"Point to Draglink": [0.6, 0.5325, 0.2], // location of draglink connection | ||
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 12.5 | ||
} | ||
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} | ||
``` | ||
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