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转向机构模型
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion docs/chrono/manual_vehicle.md
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- [模拟循环](vehicle_overview.md#simulation_loop)
- [__车辆底盘__](vehicle_chassis.md)
- [__轮式车辆__](wheeled_vehicle.md)
- [悬挂模型](#create-your-own-behavior-type)
- [悬挂模型](wheeled_suspension.md)
- [转向机构模型](#create-your-own-behavior-type)
- [传动系统模型](#create-your-own-behavior-type)
- [轮胎型号](#create-your-own-behavior-type)
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174 changes: 174 additions & 0 deletions docs/chrono/wheeled_steering.md
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# 转向机构模型

- [__转向臂__](#pitman_arm)
- [__齿条齿轮__](#rack_pinion)
- [__旋臂__](#rotary_arm)

基类 [ChSteering](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_steering.html) 规定任何派生的转向机构类(转向机构模板)都应提供一个转向连杆体,可转向悬架可以与其连接(通常通过悬架的转向连杆)。

派生转向机构类型定义特定类型的转向机构的主体、关节、力元素和拓扑。所有位置均假定相对于机构参考系提供(派生转向机构类型可以自由选择此框架的位置和方向)。

通过指定机构组件参考系相对于底盘参考系的位置和方向(参见 [ISO 参考系](https://api.projectchrono.org/vehicle_overview.html#vehicle_ISO_frame) 的定义),将转向机构组件安装到车辆底盘上。

轮式车辆可能有多个转向机构,每个转向机构与不同的转向车轴相关联。同样,单个转向机构可以连接到多个转向车轴。

## 转向臂 <span id="pitman_arm"></span>

该转向机构为四连杆机构,转向连杆体通过转向臂和惰臂与底盘相连。转向臂体通过万向节与转向连杆相连,通过旋转关节与底盘相连。驾驶员转向输入用于控制旋转关节的角度。在 Chrono::Vehicle 转向臂模板中,惰臂采用复合旋转球关节建模。

参见 [ChPitmanArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_pitman_arm.html)[PitmanArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_pitman_arm.html)

![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_bodies.png)

本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为:

![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_topology.png)

承力点如下:

![](../img/chrono/PitmanArm_points.png)

具有 PitmanArm 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下:

```json
{
"Name": "HMMWV Pitman Arm Steering",
"Type": "Steering",
"Template": "PitmanArm",

"Vehicle-Frame Inertia": false,

"Steering Link":
{
"Mass": 3.681,
"COM": [0.129, 0, 0],
"Moments of Inertia": [0.252, 0.00233, 0.254],
"Products of Inertia": [0, 0, 0],
"Radius": 0.03
},

"Pitman Arm":
{
"Mass": 1.605,
"COM": [0.064, 0.249, 0],
"Moments of Inertia": [0.00638, 0.00756, 0.00150],
"Products of Inertia": [0, 0, 0],
"Radius": 0.02
},

"Revolute Joint":
{
"Location": [0, 0.249, 0],
"Direction": [0, 0, 1],
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 30
},

"Universal Joint":
{
"Location": [ 0.129, 0.249, 0],
"Direction Arm": [0, 0, 1],
"Direction Link": [1, 0, 0]
},

"Revolute-Spherical Joint":
{
"Location Chassis": [0, -0.325, 0],
"Location Link": [0.129, -0.325, 0],
"Direction": [0, 0, 1]
},

"Tierod Locations":
{
"Pitman Side": [0.195, 0.448, 0.035],
"Idler Side": [0.195, -0.448, 0.035]
}
}
```

## 齿条齿轮 <span id="rack_pinion"></span>
Chrono::Vehicle 齿条齿轮转向模板是齿条齿轮转向机构的运动学模型。转向连杆体通过棱柱关节连接到底盘。齿条位移计算如下:

d= r (α最大限度s )

其中r是小齿轮半径,α最大限度 是最大小齿轮角,并且s ∈ [ − 1 , 1 ]是驾驶员的转向输入。该位移用于控制转向连杆的平移。

参见 [ChRackPinion](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_rack_pinion.html)[RackPinion](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_rack_pinion.html)

![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_bodies.png)

本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为:

![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_topology.png)

受力点如下:

![](../img/chrono/RackPinion_points.png)

具有 RackPinion 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下:

```json
{
"Name": "HMMWV Rack-Pinion Steering",
"Type": "Steering",
"Template": "RackPinion",

"Steering Link":
{
"Mass": 9.072,
"COM": 0,
"Inertia": [1, 1, 1],
"Radius": 0.03,
"Length": 0.896
},

"Pinion":
{
"Radius": 0.1,
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 50
}
}
```


## 旋臂 <span id="rotary_arm"></span>
旋转臂转向是一种绕轴旋转的简单杠杆臂。它与实心摇臂轴和实心前束轴配合使用。它通常用作卡车、农用拖拉机和联合收割机的转向系统。

参见 [ChRotaryArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_ch_rotary_arm.html)[RotaryArm](https://api.projectchrono.org/classchrono_1_1vehicle_1_1_rotary_arm.html)

![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_bodies.png)

本转向机构模板的拓扑结构为:

![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_topology.png)

受力点如下:

![](../img/chrono/RotaryArm_points.png)

具有 RotaryArm 转向机构规范的示例 JSON 文件如下:

```json
{
"Name": "UAZBUS Rotary-Arm Steering",
"Type": "Steering",
"Template": "RotaryArm",

"Pitman Arm":
{
"Mass": 5.0,
"Inertia": [0.00638, 0.00756, 0.00150],
"Inertia Products": [0, 0, 0],
"Radius": 0.03,
"Axis of Rotation": [0, 1, 0], // arm-chassis revolute joint
"Point of Rotation": [0.6, 0.5325, 0.4], // location of chassis connection
"Point to Draglink": [0.6, 0.5325, 0.2], // location of draglink connection
"Maximum Angle (deg)": 12.5
}

}
```





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