Merge pull request #1374 from vivek-anand-singh/increasingtriplet

[NEW ALGORITHM] Increasing Triplet Subsequence

Greedy Algorithms/Increasing Triplet Subsequence/Program.c

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+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+// Function to check for an increasing triplet subsequence in the given array
+bool increasingTriplet(int* nums, int n) 
+{
+    // If the length of the array is less than 3, an increasing triplet cannot exist
+    if (n < 3) return false;
+
+    // Initialize the prefix minimum with the first element
+    int prefixMin = nums[0];
+    // Declare an array to store the maximum elements from the right side
+    int suffixMax[n];
+
+    // Set the last element of suffixMax to the last element of the input array
+    suffixMax[n - 1] = nums[n - 1];
+
+    // Calculate the suffixMax array by iterating from the end of the array
+    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) 
+    {
+        // Store the maximum value between the current element and the next suffixMax
+        suffixMax[i] = (suffixMax[i + 1] > nums[i]) ? suffixMax[i + 1] : nums[i];
+    }
+
+    // Iterate from the second element to the second-to-last element
+    for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++) 
+    {
+        // Check if there exists a prefix min less than the current element and a suffix max greater than the current element
+        if (prefixMin < nums[i] && suffixMax[i] > nums[i]) 
+        {
+            return true; // Triplet found
+        }
+        // Update the prefixMin to the minimum of itself and the current element
+        prefixMin = (prefixMin < nums[i]) ? prefixMin : nums[i];
+    }
+
+    // Return false if no increasing triplet subsequence is found
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Main function to test the increasingTriplet function
+int main() 
+{
+    int n;
+
+    // Prompt the user for the number of elements in the array
+    printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
+    scanf("%d", &n);
+
+    // Check for valid array size
+    if (n < 3) {
+        printf("Array must have at least 3 elements to find an increasing triplet.\n");
+        return 1; // Exit with error code
+    }
+
+    int nums[n];
+
+    // Prompt the user to enter the elements of the array
+    printf("Enter the elements of the array (space-separated):\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+    {
+        scanf("%d", &nums[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Call the function to check for an increasing triplet subsequence
+    bool result = increasingTriplet(nums, n);
+
+    if (result) 
+    {
+        printf("An increasing triplet subsequence exists in the array.\n");
+    } 
+    else 
+    {
+        printf("No increasing triplet subsequence exists in the array.\n");
+    }
+
+    return 0; 
+}

Greedy Algorithms/Increasing Triplet Subsequence/README.md

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+# Increasing Triplet Subsequence Problem
+
+## Description
+
+This program determines whether there exists an increasing triplet subsequence within a list of integers provided by the user. It employs a linear-time algorithm that maintains a prefix minimum and a suffix maximum to efficiently check for the presence of the triplet.
+
+## Structures
+
+1. **Input Data**
+
+   - Description: An array to hold the input integers.
+   - Members:
+     - `int *nums`: A pointer to an array of integers representing the input sequence.
+
+## Functions
+
+**bool increasingTriplet(int* nums, int n)**
+
+   - **Parameters**:
+     - `int* nums`: A pointer to the array of integers.
+     - `int n`: The number of elements in the array.
+   - **Returns**:
+     - `true` if there exists an increasing triplet subsequence.
+     - `false` otherwise.
+
+   - **Description**: This function checks for the existence of an increasing triplet subsequence in the input array by:
+     - Initializing a prefix minimum to track the smallest element encountered so far.
+     - Iterating through the array to check for the triplet condition.
+
+## Main Function
+
+- **Description**: The entry point of the program.
+- **Details**:
+  - Prompts the user to enter the number of elements in the array (n).
+  - Prompts the user to enter the elements of the array.
+  - Calls the `increasingTriplet` function to check for the existence of the triplet subsequence.
+  - Prints whether an increasing triplet subsequence exists in the array.
+
+## Example
+
+### Input
+
+```
+Enter the number of elements in the array: 5
+Enter the elements of the array (space-separated): 1 2 3 4 5
+```
+
+### Output
+
+```
+An increasing triplet subsequence exists in the array.
+```
+
+### Additional Examples
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+- Input: `nums = [5,4,3,2,1]`
+- Output: `false`
+- Explanation: No triplet exists.
+
+---
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+- Input: `nums = [2,1,5,0,4,6]`
+- Output: `true`
+- Explanation: The triplet `(3, 4, 5)` is valid because `nums[3] == 0 < nums[4] == 4 < nums[5] == 6`.
+
+
+## Notes
+
+- The algorithm runs in O(n) time complexity and O(n) space complexity due to the auxiliary array used for suffix maximums.
+- This program is designed to handle inputs of varying lengths and values, ensuring robustness and efficiency.