diff --git a/FrontEnd/cwast.py b/FrontEnd/cwast.py
index 304c032d..60fd5447 100755
--- a/FrontEnd/cwast.py
+++ b/FrontEnd/cwast.py
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ def NodeCommon(cls):
 # Typing
 ############################################################
 
+def align(x, a):
+    return (x + a - 1) // a * a
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass()
 class CanonType:
@@ -813,7 +815,7 @@ class CanonType:
     children: List["CanonType"] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
     #
     ast_node: Optional[Union["DefRec", "DefEnum"]] = None
-    #
+    # will be filled in by type_corpus.
     alignment: int = -1
     size: int = -1
     register_types: Optional[List[Any]] = None
@@ -928,6 +930,10 @@ def contained_type(self) -> "CanonType":
         else:
             assert False, f"unexpected type: {self.name}"
 
+    def aligned_size(self) -> int:
+        # somtimes we need to round up. e.g. struct {int32, int8} needs 3 bytes padding
+        return align(self.size, self.alignment)
+
     def array_dim(self):
         assert self.is_array()
         return self.dim
@@ -3005,7 +3011,7 @@ def EliminateEphemeralsRecursively(node):
             child = getattr(node, f)
             if isinstance(child, EphemeralList):
                 new_child = _MaybeFlattenEphemeralList([child])
-                assert len(new_child) == 1
+                assert len(new_child) == 1, f"{f} {node.__class__} {len(new_child)}"
                 setattr(node, f, new_child[0])
             EliminateEphemeralsRecursively(child)
         elif nfd.kind is NFK.LIST:
diff --git a/FrontEnd/emit_ir.py b/FrontEnd/emit_ir.py
index 9a261c4f..52633895 100755
--- a/FrontEnd/emit_ir.py
+++ b/FrontEnd/emit_ir.py
@@ -422,8 +422,9 @@ def EmitIRExpr(node, tc: type_corpus.TypeCorpus, id_gen: identifier.IdGenIR) ->
         ct: cwast.CanonType = node.expr1.x_type
         if node.pointer_expr_kind is cwast.POINTER_EXPR_KIND.INCP:
             assert ct.is_pointer()
+            #print ("@@@@@ ", ct,  ct.underlying_pointer_type().size)
             offset = OffsetScaleToOffset(
-                node.expr2, ct.underlying_pointer_type().size, tc, id_gen)
+                node.expr2, ct.underlying_pointer_type().aligned_size(), tc, id_gen)
             kind = tc.get_data_address_reg_type()
             print(f"{TAB}lea {res}:{kind} = {base} {offset}")
         else:
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ def EmitIRExpr(node, tc: type_corpus.TypeCorpus, id_gen: identifier.IdGenIR) ->
             f"{TAB}bitcast {res}:{node.type.x_type.get_single_register_type()} = {expr}")
         return res
     elif isinstance(node, cwast.ExprUnsafeCast):
-        return  EmitIRExpr(node.expr, tc, id_gen)
+        return EmitIRExpr(node.expr, tc, id_gen)
     elif isinstance(node, cwast.ExprNarrow):
         if ct_dst.is_void_or_wrapped_void():
             return None
@@ -761,6 +762,7 @@ def _EmitMem(data, comment) -> int:
         assert False
     return len(data)
 
+
 _BYTE_ZERO = b"\0"
 _BYTE_UNDEF = b"\0"
 _BYTE_PADDING = b"\x6f"   # intentioanlly not zero?
@@ -1036,7 +1038,6 @@ def GetIdGen(fun):
     eliminated_nodes.add(cwast.Expr3)
     mod_gen.body_mod += constant_pool.GetDefGlobals()
 
-
     slice_to_struct_map = canonicalize_slice.MakeSliceTypeReplacementMap(
         mod_topo_order, tc)
     mod_gen.body_mod += [
diff --git a/FrontEnd/type_corpus.py b/FrontEnd/type_corpus.py
index ca4cc660..e102e3c2 100644
--- a/FrontEnd/type_corpus.py
+++ b/FrontEnd/type_corpus.py
@@ -414,11 +414,7 @@ def _get_size_and_alignment(self, tc: cwast.CanonType):
             len_field_size = self._target_arch_config.uint_bitwidth // 8
             return ptr_field_size + len_field_size, ptr_field_size
         elif tc.node is cwast.TypeArray:
-            alignment = tc.children[0].alignment
-            size = tc.children[0].size
-            # somtimes we need to round up. e.g. struct {int32, int8} needs 3 bytes padding
-            size = align(size, alignment)
-            return size * tc.dim, alignment
+            return tc.children[0].aligned_size() * tc.dim, tc.children[0].alignment
         elif tc.node is cwast.TypeUnion:
             return _get_size_and_offset_for_sum_type(
                 tc, self._target_arch_config.typeid_bitwidth // 8,