[P2P] Consolidate/refactor node identity

[bryanchriswhite]

Objective

Implement the consolidation and refactoring of node IDs/identity as described in the 4 ADRs resulting from the previous research spike. The goal is to simplify the codebase, create a single source of truth for IDs, and improve the overall structure and maintainability of the code.

Origin Document

Research spike on consolidating/refactoring node identity.

Resulting ADRs:

• [ADR] 0001 - Adopt Multiaddr pocket-network-protocol#32
• [ADR] 0002 - Separate consensus and P2P IDs pocket-network-protocol#33
• [ADR] 0003 - Adopt Libp2p PeerIDs pocket-network-protocol#34
• [ADR] 0004 - Separate Transport and Application Keys pocket-network-protocol#35

Goals

• Implement the recommendations from the 4 ADRs
• Consolidate and refactor node IDs/identity throughout the codebase
• Improve the codebase maintainability and structure

Deliverable

• [P2P] Adopt multiaddr #747
• [P2P][Consensus] Separate consensus and P2P IDs #748
• [P2P] Adopt LibP2P PeerIDs #749
• [P2P][Consensus] Separate Consensus and P2P Private Keys #750

Non-goals / Non-deliverables

• Changes or modifications unrelated to the implementation of the 4 ADRs
• Refactoring of the codebase beyond the scope of node IDs/identity

General issue deliverables

• Update the appropriate CHANGELOG
• Update any relevant READMEs (local and/or global)
• Update any relevant global documentation & references
• If applicable, update the source code tree explanation
• If applicable, add or update a state, sequence or flowchart diagram using mermaid

Testing Methodology

• All tests: make test_all
• LocalNet: verify a LocalNet is still functioning correctly by following the instructions at docs/development/README.md

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Creator: @bryanchriswhite @jessicadaugherty