diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
index 1627a90fc6ac0..e3c4e69db7cbd 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ I/O
 
 Period
 ^^^^^^
--
+- Fixed error message when passing invalid period alias to :meth:`PeriodIndex.to_timestamp` (:issue:`58974`)
 -
 
 Plotting
diff --git a/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx b/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx
index ff24c2942cb76..fd1bb3fe3e173 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/tslibs/offsets.pyx
@@ -4752,20 +4752,16 @@ def _validate_to_offset_alias(alias: str, is_period: bool) -> None:
                 alias.lower() not in {"s", "ms", "us", "ns"} and
                 alias.upper().split("-")[0].endswith(("S", "E"))):
             raise ValueError(INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG.format(alias))
-    if (is_period and
-            alias.upper() in c_OFFSET_TO_PERIOD_FREQSTR and
-            alias != "ms" and
-            alias.upper().split("-")[0].endswith(("S", "E"))):
-        if (alias.upper().startswith("B") or
-                alias.upper().startswith("S") or
-                alias.upper().startswith("C")):
-            raise ValueError(INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG.format(alias))
-        else:
-            alias_msg = "".join(alias.upper().split("E", 1))
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"for Period, please use \'{alias_msg}\' "
-                f"instead of \'{alias}\'"
-            )
+    if (
+        is_period and
+        alias in c_OFFSET_TO_PERIOD_FREQSTR and
+        alias != c_OFFSET_TO_PERIOD_FREQSTR[alias]
+    ):
+        alias_msg = c_OFFSET_TO_PERIOD_FREQSTR.get(alias)
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"for Period, please use \'{alias_msg}\' "
+            f"instead of \'{alias}\'"
+        )
 
 
 # TODO: better name?
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/period/methods/test_to_timestamp.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/period/methods/test_to_timestamp.py
index 3867f9e3245dc..4fe429ce71ee4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/period/methods/test_to_timestamp.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/period/methods/test_to_timestamp.py
@@ -140,3 +140,10 @@ def test_to_timestamp_1703(self):
 
         result = index.to_timestamp()
         assert result[0] == Timestamp("1/1/2012")
+
+
+def test_ms_to_timestamp_error_message():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/58974#issuecomment-2164265446
+    ix = period_range("2000", periods=3, freq="M")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="for Period, please use 'M' instead of 'MS'"):
+        ix.to_timestamp("MS")