Include buildings/settlement layer for direct exposure

[tomalrussell]

Goals:

• enable risk assessment of direct damage to most buildings
• step towards risk assessment of disruption to people (as residents) and commercial/industrial activity if buildings are damaged

Requirements:

• location and size (footprint area/floor area/volume) of buildings
• include or infer hazard-relevant attributes required for damage estimation (construction, basement, roof type)
• include or allow for inference of resident population count
• include or allow for inference of commercial/industrial uses

Footprints

• OpenStreetMap - download with attributes
• Google - https://sites.research.google/open-buildings/#download
• Microsoft - https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprints
• ...

Built-up area

• GHSL - in particular GHS-BUILT-S - R2022A with non-/residential breakdown, see also estimates of height and volume, GHS-POP for population, note 10/100/1000m cell resolution and 5-year projections to 2030. See methodology for use of other layers including OSM, footprints listed above.
• HRSL - Facebook/Meta raster of buildings, with assignment of population https://data.humdata.org/m/search?q=high+resolution+settlement+layer&ext_search_source=main-nav
• GUF - urban/not binary classification, based on TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X from 2011-2 https://www.dlr.de/eoc/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-11725/20508_read-47944/ limited to scientific/non-commercial applications.
• ...

Land use and economic use classification

• out of scope for initial layer. Keep track of potential data. From the above, GHSL gives res/nres and OSM gives some other building use/type attributes.

Fragility/damage functions and attributes

• to review