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asp2014.sty
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asp2014.sty
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% This is the asp2014.sty LaTeX style file -- DO NOT CHANGE THIS FILE
% Copyright 2014, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
% Revision: 17 September 2015
% 9/7/2017 Removed hidelinks=true options from bookmarks and dvipdfm usepacksge
% lines. Prevents a warning with recent LaTeX releases. KS.
% Some parts of this file originate from newpasp.sty.
% For questions contact ASP Conference Series, www.aspbooks.org.
%%% COMMENTS -- Comment style:
% File Header information includes file name and ASPCS Copyright.
% '%%%' HEADING -- Represents a major heading in a file (all caps)
% followed by information about the section.
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage{index}
\usepackage{graphicx,amssymb}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{chapterbib}
%\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
\usepackage[bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=false,bookmarksopen=false,colorlinks=false,pagebackref=false,pdfauthor={ASP Conference Series},pdftitle={ASPCS}]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=false,bookmarksopen=false,colorlinks=false,pagebackref=false,pdfauthor={ASP Conference Series},pdftitle={ASPCS}]{hyperref}
\fi
%\usepackage{breakurl}
\usepackage{ncccropmark} % For Proofing: Use this line to show margin guides
\usepackage{watermark} % For Proofing: Use this line to show margin guides
%\hypersetup{
% colorlinks=true, %set true if you want colored links
% linktoc=all, %set to all if you want both sections and subsections linked
% linkcolor=blue, %choose some color if you want links to stand out
%}
%%% VOLUME AND SLUG INFORMATION -- Do not change this file.
% Volume Number
\def\@aspvolume{**Volume Number**}
\newcommand{\aspvolume}[1]{\gdef\@aspvolume{#1}}
\newcommand{\volume}{\@aspvolume}
% Usage in main file: \aspvolume{0} % Insert volume number from ASPCS
% Volume Copyright Year
\def\@aspcpryear{**Copyright Year**}
\newcommand{\aspcpryear}[1]{\gdef\@aspcpryear{#1}}
\newcommand{\cpryear}{\@aspcpryear}
% Usage in main file: \aspcpryear{2014} % Insert year received from ASPCS
% Volume Title for Slug
\def\@aspvoltitle{**Volume Title**}
\newcommand{\aspvoltitle}[1]{\gdef\@aspvoltitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\voltitle}{\@aspvoltitle}
% Usage in main file: \aspvoltitle{ASPCS Instructions for Authors and Editors} % Insert Full Title in Initial Caps
% Volume Author for Slug
\def\@aspvolauthor{**Author**}
\newcommand{\aspvolauthor}[1]{\gdef\@aspvolauthor{#1}}
\newcommand{\volauthor}{\@aspvolauthor}
% Usage in main file: \aspvolauthor{T. J. Mahoney and Lisa B. Roper, eds.} % Insert Editors
% Use a serial comma with 3 or more editors with "and" not "&" between last two names.
% Follow editors' names with comma and "ed." or "eds."
%%% COPYRIGHT INFORMATION -- Do not change this file.
% Volume LCCN
\def\@aspLCCN{**LCCN**}
\newcommand{\aspLCCN}[1]{\gdef\@aspLCCN{#1}}
\newcommand{\LCCN}{\@aspLCCN}
% Usage in main file: \aspLCCN{Not Applicable}
% Volume ISBN
\def\@aspISBN{**ISBN**} % As of 2007, should be 978-1-58381-XXX-X
\newcommand{\aspISBN}[1]{\gdef\@aspISBN{#1}}
\newcommand{\ISBN}{\@aspISBN}
% Usage in main file: \aspISBN{Not Applicable}
% Volume eISBN
\def\@aspeISBN{**eISBN**}
\newcommand{\aspeISBN}[1]{\gdef\@aspeISBN{#1}}
\newcommand{\eISBN}{\@aspeISBN}
% Usage in main file: \aspeISBN}{978-1-58381-681-3}
% Volume Contract Number
\def\@aspContract{**CN**}
\newcommand{\aspContract}[1]{\gdef\@aspContract{#1}}
\newcommand{\Contract}{\@aspContract}
% Usage in main file: \aspContract}{91}
% Slug, Header, and Footer Style
% Either true or false (No slug or page numbers)
\newboolean{aspPageSlug}
\setboolean{aspPageSlug}{true}
\newcommand{\aspRemovePageSlug}{\setboolean{aspPageSlug}{false}}%
%% Usage in main file: \aspRemovePageSlug
%%% HALFTITLE PAGE
% Volume Title for Halftitle Page
\def\@asphalftitle{**BOOK TITLE**}
\newcommand{\asphalftitle}[1]{\gdef\@asphalftitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\halftitle}{\@asphalftitle}
% Usage in main file: \asphalftitle{ASP CONFERENCE SERIES\\ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS AND EDITORS} % IN ALL CAPS
% Book Cover Illustration Information
\def\@aspcoverinfo{\relax}
\global\let\@aspcoverinfo\@empty
\newcommand{\aspcoverinfo}[1]{\gdef\@aspcoverinfo{#1}}
\newcommand{\blurb}{\@aspcoverinfo}
% Usage in main file:
%\aspcoverinfo{\emph{Celestial Tryst:} The moon, Venus, and Jupiter
% in the evening sky from the coastline south of Pacifica, California
% on November 30, 2008.\\\mbox{}\\Photographed by James Manning, the
% Executive Director of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.} % In
% Mixed Case (Initial Caps)
% Editors: Please be sure to obtain permission from the author and from the publisher if previously published.
% Suggested acknowledgement wording might include the following, depending upon the circumstance:
% Image/drawing/photo courtesy of individual or organization who created the image.
% Referenced in this volume, author name, p. xxx.
% By the kind permission of publisher, volume number, author and page number.
% Copyright held by name and place.
%%% TITLE PAGE
% Volume Title for Title Page
\def\@aspmaintitle{**MAIN TITLE**}
\newcommand{\aspmaintitle}[1]{\gdef\@aspmaintitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\maintitle}{\@aspmaintitle}
% Usage in main file: \aspmaintitle{ASP CONFERENCE SERIES\\ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS AND EDITORS} % IN ALL CAPS
% Volume Meeting Type
\def\@aspmtgtype{\relax}
\global\let\@aspmtgtype\@empty
\newcommand{\aspmtgtype}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgtype{#1}}
\newcommand{\mtgtype}{\@aspmtgtype}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgtype{Proceedings of a conference held in}
% Meeting Venue
\def\@aspmtgvenue{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspmtgvenue}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgvenue{#1}}
\newcommand{\venue}{\@aspmtgvenue}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgvenue{St. Louis, Missouri, USA}
% Spell out fully (Institute, City, State, Country).
% Meeting Time
\def\@aspmtgwhen{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspmtgwhen}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgwhen{#1}}
\newcommand{\when}{\@aspmtgwhen}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgwhen{1--5 June 2008}
% In 7--11 May 2001 format with no commas
%%% EDITOR INFORMATION -- Please include Department, Institute, City, State, Country in the affiliation
% First Editor Name
\def\@aspeditorone{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorone\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfirsteditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorone{#1}}
\newcommand{\firsteditor}{\@aspeditorone}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirsteditor{T. J. Mahoney}
% First Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilone{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfirstaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilone{#1}}
\newcommand{\firstaffil}{\@aspaffilone}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirstaffil{Instituto de Astrof\'\i sica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain}
% Second Editor
\def\@aspeditortwo{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditortwo\@empty
\newcommand{\aspsecondeditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditortwo{#1}}
\newcommand{\secondeditor}{\@aspeditortwo}
% Usage in main file: \aspsecondeditor{**Name**}
% Second Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffiltwo{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspsecondaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffiltwo{#1}}
\newcommand{\secondaffil}{\@aspaffiltwo}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirstaffil{**Affiliation**}
% Third Editor
\def\@aspeditorthree{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorthree\@empty
\newcommand{\aspthirdeditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorthree{#1}}
\newcommand{\thirdeditor}{\@aspeditorthree}
% Third Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilthree{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspthirdaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilthree{#1}}
\newcommand{\thirdaffil}{\@aspaffilthree}
% Fourth Editor
\def\@aspeditorfour{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorfour\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfourtheditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorfour{#1}}
\newcommand{\fourtheditor}{\@aspeditorfour}
% Fourth Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilfour{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfourthaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilfour{#1}}
\newcommand{\fourthaffil}{\@aspaffilfour}
% Fifth Editor
\def\@aspeditorfive{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorfive\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfiftheditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorfive{#1}}
\newcommand{\fiftheditor}{\@aspeditorfive}
% Fifth Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilfive{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfifthaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilfive{#1}}
\newcommand{\fifthaffil}{\@aspaffilfive}
% Part Name (Usually either Part or Session)
\def\@asppartname{Part}
\newcommand{\asppartname}[1]{\gdef\@asppartname{#1}}
\renewcommand{\partname}{\@asppartname}
% Usage in main file: \asppartname{Part} % Name of the Major Sections: Part
% Define the organization (ASP), genre (conference proceedings),
% version number (version 1.0) and date of version (1 January 2004) - all of
% which will appear in the .log file:
\def\revtex@ver{2.0}
\def\revtex@date{1 March 2009}
\def\revtex@org{ASP}
\def\revtex@jnl{}
\def\revtex@genre{conference proceedings}
% The following command types all the above information into the .log file:
\typeout{\revtex@org\space
\ifx\revtex@jnl\@empty\else\revtex@jnl\space\fi
\revtex@genre\space substyle, version \revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.}
\def\revtex@pageid{\xdef\@thefnmark{\null}
\@footnotetext{This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the
\revtex@org\space \revtex@jnl\space Rev\TeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.}}
% The following routine issues a warning for documentclass font sizes smaller
% than 11 pt ("\@ptsize takes values 0, 1 or 2 (representing 10, 11 and 12 pt):
\ifnum\@ptsize<1
\typeout{Warning: Undersize manuscript font (1\@ptsize\space pts).
Use 11pt documentclass option.}
\fi
% The value of 1\@ptsize might need to be 0 for some IAU publications. Check with the IAU.
% This routine defines where the slug and page number go on the
% first page of any article, regardless of whether page is even or odd:
\def\ps@paspcstitle{%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{aspPageSlug}}{%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\def\@oddhead{\null{\footnotesize\it\@slug}\hfil}%
\def\@oddfoot{\rm\hfil\thepage\hfil}%
\let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}{%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\def\@oddhead{~}%
\def\@oddfoot{~}%
\let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}%
}%
% Now set odd page head to contain running title & page number:
\def\ps@myheadings{%
\ifthenelse{\boolean{aspPageSlug}}{%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfil\sl\rightmark\hskip 1in\rm\thepage}%
% The odd foot is empty:
\def\@oddfoot{}%
% ... and the even page head and foot to contain the author names & page no.:
\def\@evenhead{\rm\thepage\hskip 1in\sl\leftmark\hfil\hbox{}}%
% The even foot is also empty:
\def\@evenfoot{}%
}{%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\def\@oddhead{~}%
\def\@oddfoot{~}%
\let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}%
\def\sectionmark##1{}%
\def\subsectionmark##1{}%
}%
\def\@leftmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#1}}
\def\@rightmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#2}}
\providecommand{\mainmatter}{%
\cleardoublepage
\@mainmattertrue
%\label{aspendfrontmatter}
\typeout{(ASP) Front Matter End: \arabic{page}}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\parindent=2em
\typeout{(ASP) Main Matter Begin: \arabic{page}}
}%
\providecommand\backmatter{%
\pagestyle{myheadings} % Required for formatting
\if@openright
\cleardoublepage
\else
\clearpage
\fi
\@mainmatterfalse
}%
% Define page and text layout:
\textwidth=5.25in
\textheight=8.3in
\headheight=18pt
\headsep=18pt
\topmargin=0in
\footskip=.25in
\oddsidemargin=0.49in
\evensidemargin=0.49in
\parindent=2em
\parskip=.1ex
\def\@singleleading{0.9}
\def\@doubleleading{1.6}
\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}
\def\tightenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}}
\def\loosenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}}
\clubpenalty\@M
\widowpenalty\@M
% Input for slug:
\def\@journalname{ASP Conference Series}
\def\cpr@holder{Astronomical Society of the Pacific}
\let\journalid=\@gobbletwo
\let\articleid=\@gobbletwo
\let\received=\@gobble
\let\accepted=\@gobble
% Order of information in slug:
\def\@slug{{\tabcolsep\z@\begin{tabular}[t]{l}\voltitle\\
%\@journalname, Vol.\ \@jourvol, \cpr@year\\
%LR: 4/13/07 changed to insert copyright symbol
%\@journalname, Vol.\ \@jourvol\\ \vol@author , eds.\\ {\raisebox{1.5pt}{\tiny\copyright}}\hspace{-1pt}\ \cpr@year\ Astronomical Society of the Pacific
\@journalname, Vol.\ \volume\\ \volauthor\\ {\raisebox{1.5pt}{\tiny\copyright}}\hspace{-1pt}\ \cpryear\ Astronomical Society of the Pacific
\end{tabular}}
}
% Title, author names & affiliations to be indented by 0.45 inches:
\def\paspconf@frontindent{.45in}
% Title format, font, etc.:
\def\title#1{%
\vspace*{2.5\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright\large\bf\sec@upcase{#1}}\par
\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
\thispagestyle{title}
}%
%Author format, font, etc.:
\def\author#1{\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{#1}}\par}
\def\affil#1{\vspace*{.5\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{\it #1}}\par}
% Affiliation format, font, etc.:
\def\altaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{#2}}
% Abstract format
\def\abstract{\vspace*{1.3\baselineskip}\bgroup\leftskip\paspconf@frontindent
\noindent{\bf\sec@upcase{\small Abstract.}}\hskip 1em\small}
\def\endabstract{\par\egroup\vspace*{1.4\baselineskip}}
% Distance of first footnote from bottom of text.
\skip\footins 4ex plus 1ex minus .5ex
% Separation between footnotes:
\footnotesep 3ex
% Format the footnotes:
\long\def\@makefntext#1{\noindent\hbox {\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}\hspace{0ex}#1} % No space between footnote mark and following text.
\def\tablenotemark#1{\rlap{$^{#1}$}}
\def\tablenotetext#1#2{
\@temptokena={\vspace{.5ex}{\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2}\par}
\@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
\xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}
\def\spewtablenotes{
\ifx\tblnote@list\@empty
\else
\let\@temptokena=\tblnote@list
\xdef\tblnote@list{\@empty}
\vspace{4.5ex}
\footnoterule
\vspace{.5ex}
{\footnotesize\@temptokena}
\fi}
\newtoks\@temptokenb
\def\tblnote@list{}
\def\endtable{\spewtablenotes\end@float}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\spewtablenotes\end@dblfloat}
\let\tableline=\hline
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fnum@figure{\small Figure \thefigure.}
\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fnum@table{\small Table \thetable.}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
\vskip 10pt
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1\hskip 1.5em #2}
\let\@tempdima=\hsize \advance\@tempdima by -2em
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@tempdima
{\leftskip 2em
#1\hskip 1.5em #2\par}
\else
\hbox to\hsize{\hskip 2em\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
\fi}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\let\keywords=\@gobble
\let\subjectheadings=\@gobble
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\def\upper{\def\sec@upcase##1{\uppercase{##1}}}
\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax#1}
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-4.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.2ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\altsubsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-1.2em}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\inlinesubsubsection#1{
\def\thesubsubsection{\hskip -1em}
\altsubsubsection{#1}
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
}
\def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
\def\@svsec{}
\else
\refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname.\hskip 1em }
\fi
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #6\relax
\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#8}\par}%
\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}
\else
\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
{#7}.
}
\fi
\@xsect{#5}
}%
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
\@tempskipa #3\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup
\else
\def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5.}
\fi
\@xsect{#3}
}%
\def\acknowledgments{%
\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{1em}{1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}{-1em}{\bf}{\sec@upcase{Acknowledgments}}
}%
\usepackage{natbib}
\bibpunct[, ]{(}{)}{;}{u}{}{,}
\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments
\def\qanda@heading{Discussion}
\newif\if@firstquestion \@firstquestiontrue
\newenvironment{question}[1]{\if@firstquestion
\section*{\qanda@heading}\global\@firstquestionfalse\fi
\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\newenvironment{answer}[1]{\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\def\last{\newif\if@firstquestion \@firstquestiontrue}
\def\mathwithsecnums{
\@newctr{equation}[section]
\def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}
\def\references{\small\section*{References}
\small\bgroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=.5ex
\def\refpar{\par\hangindent=3em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endreferences{\refpar\egroup}
\def\thebibliography{\small\section*{\small References}
\list{\null}{\leftmargin 3em\labelwidth 0pt\labelsep 0pt\itemindent -3em
\itemsep 0pt \parsep 0pt\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\refpar{\relax}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}
\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
\def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}
\def\reference{\relax\refpar}
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
\let\jnl@style=\rm
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1\/}}
\def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}
\def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}
\def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}
\def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}
\def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}
\def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.Optics}}
\def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}
\def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}
\def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}
\def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}
%LR: 4/13/07 added defintion for ASP Conf. Ser. citation
\def\aspcs{\ref@jnl{ASP Conf.~Ser.}}
\def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}
\def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}
\def\ion#1#2{{\rm #1}~{\sc #2}}
\def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}
\def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}
\def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}
\def\nat{\ref@jnl{Nat}}
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.A}}
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.B}}
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.C}}
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.D}}
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.Lett}}
\def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}
\def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}
\def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}
\def\science{\ref@jnl{Sci}}
\def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}
\def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Solar~Phys.}}
\def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}
\def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.Rev.}}
\def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}
\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\def\deg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\la{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\ga{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}
\def\onehalf{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_2$}}
\def\onethird{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_3$}}
\def\twothirds{\hbox{$\,^2\!/_3$}}
\def\onequarter{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_4$}}
\def\threequarters{\hbox{$\,^3\!/_4$}}
\def\ubv{\hbox{$U\!BV$}}
\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}
\def\ubvri{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI$}}
\def\ubvrij{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J$}}
\def\ubvrijh{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J\!H$}}
\def\ubvrijhk{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J\!H\!K$}}
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}
\newcount\lecurrentfam
\def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
\hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
%\def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode
%\epsfxsize=.95\textwidth \epsfbox{#1}}
%%NEXT 6 LINES ADDED BY LISA ROPER 1/1/08, TAKEN FROM ADASS V ADAPTATION BY J. BARNES, 7/30/95
%%found at iraf.noao.edu/iraf/ftp/iraf/conf/adass-95/proc/aspconf.doc,
%%modified in adassconf2006.sty in ASPCS Vol. 376
\@ifundefined{epsfbox}{\@input{epsf.sty}}{\relax}
\def\eps@scaling{.95}
\newcommand{\epsscale}[1]{%
\def\eps@scaling{#1}
}%
\newcommand{\plotone}[2][width=.95\textwidth]{%
\centering
\leavevmode
\includegraphics[#1]{#2}
}%
\newcommand{\plottwo}[2]{%
\centering
\leavevmode
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#1}%
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#2}%
}%
\newcommand{\plotthree}[3]{%3
\centering
\leavevmode
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#1}%
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#2}%
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#3}%
}%
\newcommand{\plotfour}[4]{%
\centering
\leavevmode
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#1}%
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#2}%
\vspace{1ex}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#3}%
\hfil
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#4}%
}%
\newcommand{\plotfiddle}[7]{%
\centering
\leavevmode
\vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}}
\special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}
}%
\newif\if@finalstyle \@finalstyletrue
\if@finalstyle
\ps@myheadings
\let\ps@title=\ps@paspcstitle
\else
\ps@plain
\let\ps@title=\ps@plain
\fi%
\ds@twoside
%\renewcommand{\cleardoublepage}{%
% \clearpage
% \if@twoside
% \ifodd \c@page
% \else%
% \hbox{}%
% \thispagestyle{empty}
% \newpage%
% \if@twocolumn
% \hbox{}
% \newpage
% \fi
% \fi
%\fi}
% Added 7/11/06 by Jared
% Modified 2/18/09 by Jonathan
\renewcommand\part{%
\typeout{(ASP) Part Begin: \arabic{page}}%
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markboth{}{}
\if@openright
\cleardoublepage
\else
\clearpage
\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}
\if@twocolumn
\onecolumn
\@tempswatrue
\else
\@tempswafalse
\fi
\null\vfil
\typeout{(ASP) Part End: \arabic{page}}%
\secdef\@asppart\@spart}%
\def\@asppart[#1]#2{%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
\refstepcounter{part}%
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\partline{#2}}%
\else
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\unpartline{#2}}%
\fi
\markboth{}{}%
{\centering
\interlinepenalty \@M
\normalfont
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
\huge\bfseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart
\par
\vskip 20\p@
\fi
\Huge \bfseries #2\par
}%
\@endpart}%
\newcommand\tocentry[2]{%
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\tocline{#1}{#2}{\thepage}}
}%
% For adjusting the number width in the table of contents
\newcommand\tocnumwidth[1]{%
\ifx&%
\relax
\else
\renewcommand\@pnumwidth{#1}
\fi%
}%
\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
\pagestyle{myheadings}%
%\title{}
\thispagestyle{plain}%
\parindent 0pt%
\markboth{Contents}{Contents}%
\Large{\bf Contents}\normalsize\vspace{0.5in}\linebreak%
\@starttoc{toc}%
}
\def\tocline#1#2#3{\medskip\vbox{
\@dottedtocline{1}{\z@}{.4in}{#1}{#3}
\smallskip
\protect\@authortocline{1}{.4in}{#2}
}
}
\def\@authortocline#1#2#3{\vskip \z@ plus .2pt
{\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg
\parindent\z@\relax\@afterindenttrue
\interlinepenalty\@M
\leavevmode
\@tempdimb\textwidth \advance\@tempdimb by-#2
\advance\@tempdimb by-\@tocrmarg
\parbox{\@tempdimb}{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright\small\sl#3}\par}}
\newcounter{tocpart}
\newcounter{tocsect}[tocpart]
\def\sectline#1{\stepcounter{tocsect}\vskip 3.5ex
{{\bf Section \Alph{tocsect}. #1}}\par\smallskip}
%\def\unpartline#1{\stepcounter{tocpart}\vskip 5.5ex
\def\unpartline#1{\vskip 5.5ex
{\bf #1}\par\bigskip}
\def\sectline#1{\stepcounter{tocsect}\vskip 3.5ex
{{\bf Section \Alph{tocsect}. #1}}\par\smallskip}
\def\partline#1{\stepcounter{tocpart}\vskip 5.5ex
{\bf \partname\ \Roman{tocpart}. #1}\par\bigskip}
%\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
% \ifnum #3>\c@secnumdepth
% \let\@svsec\@empty
% \else
% \refstepcounter{#1}%
% \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
% \fi
% \@tempskipa #5\relax
% \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
% \begingroup
% #6{%
% \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
% \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
% \endgroup
% \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
% \else
% \def\@svsechd{%
% #6{\hskip #3\relax
% \@svsec #8}%
% \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
% }%
% \fi
% \@xsect{#5}}
\newcommand{\marginguide}{%
\watermark{\cropmark{0mm}{0mm}{9mm}{0mm}{115mm}} % For Proofing: Use this line to show margin guides
}%
\newcommand{\aspeditorialstaff}[0]{%
\begin{center}
{EDITORIAL STAFF\\}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\small
{\itshape Managing Editor:} Joseph Jensen\\
{\itshape Associate Managing Editor:} Jonathan Barnes\\
{\itshape Publication Manager:} Cindy Moody\\
{\itshape Editorial Assistant:} Blaine Haws\\
{\itshape Publication Consultant:} Pepita Ridgeway\\
{\itshape e-Book Specialist:} Rachel Sevison-Haws\\
%{\itshape Web Developer/Technical Consultant:} Jared M.\ Bellows\\
%{\itshape \LaTeX\ Consultant:} T.\ J.\ Mahoney\\
}%
\end{center}
}%
\newcommand{\aspaddress}[0]{%
\begin{center}
{\small
MS 179, Utah Valley University, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, Utah 84058-5999\\
Phone: 801-863-8804 \hspace{2em} E-mail: \url{[email protected]}\\
E-book site: \url{http://www.aspbooks.org}\\
}%
\end{center}
}%
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\centering\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}%
\newcommand{\asppubcommittee}[0]{%
\begin{center}
{PUBLICATION COMMITTEE\\}
\medskip
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\small
\begin{tabular*}{1\textwidth}{x{6cm} p{0.1cm} x{6cm}} %x{5cm} x{5cm}}
{\centering Christine Jones, Chair} & & Marsha J. Bishop\tabularnewline
{\scriptsize Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory} & & {\scriptsize National Radio Astronomy Observatory}\tabularnewline
\tabularnewline
William Cochran & & Bruce Elmegreen\tabularnewline
{\scriptsize University of Texas at Austin} & & {\scriptsize IBM Watson Research Center}\tabularnewline
\tabularnewline
Robert Hanish & & Lynne Hillenbrand\tabularnewline
{\scriptsize National Institute of Standards and Technology} & & {\scriptsize California Institute of Technology}\tabularnewline
\tabularnewline
Doug Leonard & & Charles Telesco\tabularnewline
{\scriptsize San Diego State University} & & {\scriptsize University of Florida}
\end{tabular*}
}%
%Ed Guinan\\ {\scriptsize Villanova University}
\end{center}
}%
% Keyword LaTeX Marks
\newcommand{\keyword}[1]{%
\@empty%
}%
% Title Footnote Macros
\newcommand{\allowtitlefootnote}{%
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
}%
\newcommand{\titlefootnote}[1]{%
\footnotetext{#1}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
}%
% Format and deliver cover illustration info if it exists
\newcommand{\providecoverinfo}{%
\ifx \@aspcoverinfo \@empty
\relax
\else
{\small \noindent {\itshape COVER ILLUSTRATION\/:}\\\hfill\\\blurb{}}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver meeting info if it exists
\newcommand{\providemeetinginfo}{%
\ifx \@aspmtgtype \@empty
\relax
\else
\medskip
\begin{center}
{Proceedings of a \mtgtype{} held at\\
\venue{}\\
\when{}
}
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver first editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorone}{%
\ifx \@aspeditorone \@empty
\relax
\else
\begin{center}
{\bfseries \firsteditor{}}\\
{\itshape \firstaffil{}}\\
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver second editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditortwo}{%
\ifx \@aspeditortwo \@empty
\relax
\else
\begin{center}
{\bfseries \secondeditor{}}\\
{\itshape \secondaffil{}}\\
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver third editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorthree}{%
\ifx \@aspeditorthree \@empty
\relax
\else
\begin{center}
{\bfseries \thirdeditor{}}\\
{\itshape \thirdaffil{}}\\
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver fourth editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorfour}{%
\ifx \@aspeditorfour \@empty
\relax
\else
\begin{center}
{\bfseries \fourtheditor{}}\\
{\itshape \fourthaffil{}}\\
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Format and deliver fifth editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorfive}{%
\ifx \@aspeditorfive \@empty
\relax
\else
\begin{center}
{\bfseries \fiftheditor{}}\\
{\itshape \fifthaffil{}}\\
\end{center}
\fi%
}%
% Convenient macros for preparing indexes
\newcommand{\prepareindexes}{%
\makeindex
\newindex{not}{ndx}{nnd}{\Large List of Notation}
\newindex{aut}{adx}{and}{\Large Author Index}
\newindex{sub}{sdx}{snd}{\Large Subject Index}
\newindex{obj}{odx}{ond}{\Large Object Index}
\newindex{mol}{mdx}{mnd}{\Large Spectral Feature Index}
}%
\newcommand{\nindex}[1]{\index*[not]{#1}}
\newcommand{\aindex}[1]{\index[aut]{#1}}
\newcommand{\sindex}[1]{\index*[sub]{#1}}
\newcommand{\ssindex}[1]{\index[sub]{#1}}
\newcommand{\oindex}[1]{\index*[obj]{#1}}
\newcommand{\ooindex}[1]{\index[obj]{#1}}
\newcommand{\mindex}[1]{\index*[mol]{#1}}
\newcommand{\nn}[1]{#1n}
\newcommand{\printnotationlist}{%
\markboth{List of Notation}{List of Notation}
\tocentry{\itshape List of Notation}{}
\printindex[not]
}%
\newcommand{\printauthorindex}{%
\markboth{Author Index}{Author Index}
\tocentry{\itshape Author Index}{}
\printindex[aut]
}%
\newcommand{\printsubjectindex}{%
\markboth{Subject Index}{Subject Index}
\tocentry{\itshape Subject Index}{}
\printindex[sub]
}%
\newcommand{\printobjectindex}{%
\markboth{Object Index}{Object Index}
\tocentry{\itshape Object Index}{}
\printindex[obj]
}%
\newcommand{\printspectralindex}{%
\markboth{Spectral Feature Index}{Spectral Feature Index}
\tocentry{\itshape Spectral Feature Index}{}
\printindex[mol]
}%
% Convenient macro for preparing main matter
\newcommand{\preparemainmatter}{%
\textwidth=5.25in