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2.3.0
General release
- Changed: cds::gc::HP is totally refactored:
- simplified internal structures;
- added ability to specify an external allocator for internal data;
- external API for gc::HP is slightly changed: now scan type
cannot be changed on the fly; it can be specified only in
construction time.
- Changed: cds::gc::DHP is totally refactored to overcome some internal
limitations. Now gc::DHP is fully adaptive variant of Hazard Pointer
SMR, any dependencies on count of thread are removed, count of retired
data and hazard pointers per thread are increased automaticaly by perforce.
External API of gc::DHP class is changed: now only initial count
of hazard pointers can be specified in the constructor. Like new gc::HP,
the new gc::DHP supports an external allocator.
- Changed: exception handling. Now, exceptions raise by invoking new
cds::throw_exception() function. If you compile your code with exception disabled,
the function prints an exception message to stdout and calls abort()
instead of throwing.
- Flat Combining: fixed memory-order bug that can lead to crash on weak ordered
architecture like PowerPC or ARM
- Added: erase_at( iterator ) function to MichaelHashSet/Map and SplitListSet/Map
based on IterableList
- Fixed a bug in BronsonAVLTreeMap::extract_min()/extract_max()/clear().
- Removed: signal-handled threaded uRCU (cds::urcu::signal_threaded) due
bad performance
- Added more flat-combining queue tests, thanks to Marsel Galimullin.
- Changed cmake scripts to support MacOS and ARMv7/ARMv8 (64 bit),
thanks to Michail Komarov (https://github.com/Nemo1369)
- Stress tests: removed command line parameter --detail-level and
envvar CDSTEST_DETAIL_LEVEL for reducing compile time and executable size.
To make full testset compile libcds with -DCDS_STRESS_TEST_LEVEL=N where
N is 1 or 2.
2.2.0 04.01.2017
General release
- Changed: CMake is used for build libcds. Ancient build.sh has been removed
- Changed: unit and stress tests are migrated to googletest framework
- Added: IterableList - an implementation of ordered list with
thread-safe iterator. MichaelSet/Map and SplitListSet/Map support
this type of ordered list and thread-safe iterable too.
- Added: wait strategies for flat combining technique. Based on
research by Marsel Galimullin and Nikolai Rapotkin.
- Fixed: SkipList erase() and find() bugs that cause to infinite loop
or to program crash in rare case.
- Fixed: serious bug in MichaelSet::emplace() function
New node was created twice from the arguments by move semantics.
However, move semantics may change internal state of the argument
that can lead to an incorrect element and even an incorrect key
that breaks the set logic.
- Fixed: bug in FeldmanHashSet::erase_at( iterator ): due an error
in precondition checking the function may incorrectly return false.
- Fixed: possible double-free case in flat combining algorithm.
Thanks to Amila Jayasekara who pointed me to this problem
- Changed: cds::opt::buffer option is divided to initialized
(cds::opt::v::initialized_dynamic_buffer, cds::opt::v::initialized_static_buffer)
and uninitialized (cds::opt::v::uninitialized_dynamic_buffer, cds::opt::v::uninitialized_static_buffer)
ones. The old cds::opt::v::dynamic_buffer and cds::opt::v::static_buffer classes
are removed.
- Removed: TsigasCysleQueue (due undecidable ABA-problem)
- Removed: Michael's allocator cds/memory/michael/allocator.h
- Fixed: use-after-free bug in VyukovMPMCCycleQueue internal buffer.
To prevent this bug the queue uses an uninitialized buffer now.
- Fixed: rare priority inversion bug in MSPriorityQueue
- Added: for minimizing runtime of stress test the detail level for some test is added.
Command line argument --detail-level=N specifies what test should be ran: each
test with level not greater than N will be ran. Instead of command line arg
the enviromnent variable CDSTEST_DETAIL_LEVEL=N may be used.
By default, the detail level is 0 that means only limited set of the test will be ran.
2.1.0 06.01.2016
General release
- Added: FeldmanHashSet/Map - an interesting hash map algorithm
based on multi-level array, requires perfect hashing or fixed-sized keys.
Supports thread-safe bidirectional iterators.
- Added: BronsonAVLTreeMap - Bronson's et al AVL tree implementation
- Added: CMake build script, thanks to Eugeny Kalishenko
- Changed: SplitList performance improving, thanks to Mike Krinkin
- Changed: semantic of member functions extract(), get() and its
variants for MichaelList RCU-based specialization: extract() does not
require RCU locking, get() now returns special wrapper object of type raw_ptr,
see doc.
Thus, semantics of extract()/get() of all RCU-based set and maps based on
MichaelList (MichaelSet/Map, SplitListSet/Map) has been changed too.
- Changed: SplitListSet/Map functions get() and get_with() return special wrapper
object of type raw_ptr, see doc.
- Removed: SplitListSet/Map force_dispose() function.
- cds::lock namespace is renamed to cds::sync. All classes defined in cds::lock namespace
are moved to cds::sync with new names (for example, cds::lock::SpinLock is renamed to
cds::sync::spin_lock). cds::lock namespace and its contents is deprecated, it is kept
for backward compatibility.
- The library has been checked by ThreadSanitizer, a lot of bugs has been fixed
- Added support for clang 3.7 with libc++
2.0.0 30.12.2014
General release
- the library has been rewritten to support at least C++11. Compilers: GCC 4.8+, clang 3.3+,
MS Visual C++ 12 (2013) Update 4 an above.
- Removed: MichaelDeque, reason: the implementation is heavy-weighted, inefficient,
and, seems, unstable.
- Removed: cds::gc::HRC garbage collector, reason: the implementation is inefficient
and unstable.
- Changed: all container's declaration except StripedSet has been unified to the
following traits-based form:
class Container< GC, T, Traits >
- Added: new member function pop_with(Func) to cds::container::TreiberStack
- Added: new member functions enqueue_with(Func), dequeue_with(Func) to
cds::container::MSQueue
cds::container::MoirQueue
cds::container::BasketQueue
cds::container::OptimisticQueue
cds::container::RWQueue
cds::container::SegmentedQueue
cds::container::TsigasCycleQueue
cds::container::VyukovMPMCCycleQueue
- Added: new member functions push_with(Func) and pop_with(Func) to cds::container::MSPriorityQueue
- SegmentedQueue: add padding into segmented_queue::traits to eliminate false sharing.
- Changed: guarded_ptr and exempt_ptr have move semantics now. The container's extract() and get()
member functions return the objects of that type.
- Changed: improved cds::gc::HP and cds::gc::DHP internal implementation
- Changed: map member function insert_key() has been renamed to insert_with()
- Changed: cds/cxx11_atomic.h has been renamed to cds/algo/atomic.h
- Removed: cds/refcounter.h
1.6.0 23.09.2014
General release
- Add flat combining (FC) technique and FC-based containers: FCStack, FCQueue,
FCDeque, FCPriorityQueue
- Add elimination back-off feature to TreiberStack class
- Add SegmentedQueue - an unfair queue implementation
- New member functions for sets and maps:
Functions get() and get_with() search a key and return the pointer to item found
in safe manner.
Function extract() searches a key, unlinks the item found from the container
and returns pointer to item in safe manner.
The functions get, get_with, extract, extract_with extract_min, extract_max
has been added to the following container:
SkipListSet, SkipListMap
EllenBinTree, EllenBinTreeSet, EllenBinTreeMap
The functions get, get_with, extract, extract_with has been added
to the following container:
MichaelList, LazyList
MichaelHashSet, MichaelHashMap
SplitListSet, SplitListMap
- Fix a serious bug in cds::gc::HRC
- Changed MSPriorityQueue to simplify interface and to fix possible pop() deadlock
- Fix a bug in BasketQueue
- Fix EllenBinTree crash under high contention
- Changed: the thread manager detach order to prevent crashing of signal-handled RCU
in some case.
- Changed: cds::gc::HP calls Scan() when a thread is detached.
This prevents accumulating retired data.
- Changed: minimal boost version is 1.51
- Removed: file cds/lock/rwlock.h
1.5.0 29.12.2013
General release
1. Added: EllenBinTree - an implementation of unbalanced binary search
tree based on paper [2010] F.Ellen, P.Fatourou, E.Ruppert, F.van Breugel
"Non-blocking Binary Search Tree".
2. Added: MSPriorityQueue - an array-based lock-based priority queue heap,
see [1996] G.Hunt, M.Michael, S. Parthasarathy, M.Scott "An efficient
algorithm for concurrent priority queue heaps"
3. Added support for boost.atomic for boost 1.54 and above.
Now, libcds supports processor architecture like ARM, PowerPC and any other
that are supported by boost.atomic or by C++11 compiler. Any feedbacks are appreciated.
To use boost.atomic you should specify -DCDS_USE_BOOST_ATOMIC in compiler's command line.
4. Added: a new CDS_USE_LIBCDS_ATOMIC preprocessor flag has been added to direct
the compiler to use libcds atomic unconditionally.
5. build.sh has been modified to relax processor architecture and OS requirements.
This allows to use libcds with native compiler atomic support (or boost.atomic)
for a processor architecture that has not been tested by libcds's developers.
6. Added support for CLang 3.3
7. Added support for MS VC++ 2013
8. Added support for Mac OS X, see build/sample/build-osx-clang-libc++.sh,
build/sample/build-osx-gcc.sh for example.
9. Fixed: SkipListSet::erase_with does not take into account "less" predicate parameter.
10.Fixed: some bugs in SkipListSet leading to deadloop
11.Fixed: MichaelMap bug: computing hash value for type Q different from key type.
1.4.0 20.05.2013
General release
1. Added: user-space RCU garbage collector (5 different implementations),
see cds::urcu namespace
2. Added: RCU-related set/map container specializations
3. Added: Skip-list specialization for cds::gc::nogc (undeletable skip-list)
4. For set/map classes: find_with and erase_with member functions have been added.
These functions allow to use different predicates for searching.
5. Added: threading model based on Ñ++11 thread_local keyword (CDS_THREADING_CXX11).
At present, only gcc 4.8 supports such model.
6. Fixed: bug #11 "ABA bug in libcds 1.3.1 cds/intrusive/msqueue.h"
Thanks to Jelle van den Hooff.
7. Added support for GCC 4.8
1.3.1 27.01.2013
Bugfix release
- Bug fixed: building libcds with boost versions before 1.48
Thanks Lucas Larsch who points me to this problem.
1.3.0 29.12.2012
General release
1. Added: StripedSet, StripedMap - hash set and hash map
implementation based on fine-grained lock-striping technique
2. Added: CuckooSet, CuckooMap - implementation of cuckoo hashing algorithm
based on fine-grained lock-striping technique
3. Added: SkipListSet, SkipListMap - implementation of lock-free skip list
4. Added: template <typename... Args> emplace(Args&&... args) member function
for all containers in cds::container namespace. This function is available
only if the compiler supports new C++11 features - variadic
templates and move semantics.
5. Changed: lambda functions are used internally instead of wrapping functors.
If the compiler does not support C++11 lambdas the old-style wrapping functors are used.
6. Changed: test projects has been splitted for optimizing compile time.
7. Breaking change: class cds::lock::Auto has been renamed to cds::lock::scoped_lock,
class cds::lock::AutoUnlock has been removed
8. Added: support for MinGW (tested with TDM-GCC 64bit, gcc 4.7)
1.2.0 20.08.2012 (beta)
General release
1. Added: MichaelDeque - deque lock-free algo discovered by Maged Michael
2. Added: BasketQueue - Michael's queue modification discovered by Nir Shavit et al.
3. Added: support of Clang 3.0, 3.1 compiler (tested on Linux with boost 1.49)
4. Fixed: solving problem of 8-byte atomic data alignment on 32-bit platforms
5. Fixed bug 3536393: OptimisticQueue core dump
1.1.0 17.04.2012 (beta)
General release
1. Added: C++11 atomic operations support. The library has been rewritten
for using std::atomic class and operations proposed in C++11 Standard.
If the compiler does not support the standard <atomic> library,
own partial implementation declared in cds/cxx11_atomic.h is used.
cxx11_atomic.h contains implementation for lock-free part of C++11
<atomic> header needed for libcds.
2. Added: support for C++11 feature (if applicable):
- inline namespace (for GCC 4.4+)
- function =default and =delete specifiers (for GCC 4.4+)
3. Changed: the main reclamation cycle ("liberate" function) of cds::gc::PTB
memory reclamation schema has been optimized. Previous implementation
could lead to unbounded memory consumption under high contention.
4. Changed: the internal structure of cds::intrusive::OptimisticQueue is greatly simplified.
The interface of the class is slightly changed.
5. Fixed: some problem with cds::gc::HRC memory reclamation schema that
could be the cause of occasional program crash.
6. Fixed: an error in node reclamation algo in queue implementation (MSQueue, MoirQueue,
OptimisticQueue). As an result of the error, some items could be lost with memory leaks.
7. Changed: cds::concept namespace and its content has been removed
8. Added support for Microsoft Visual C++ 11 Beta
9. Added support for GCC 4.7
1.0.0 31.12.2011 (beta)
This version is completely rewritten to support intrusive version of lock-free containers
and more lightweight garbage collectors interface.
The class hierarchy and interfaces have been completely reimplemented from scratch.
1. Added: intrusive containers. Many lock-free containers in libcds have the intrusive
counterparts. The library is fully refactored to support intrusive containers.
Class hierarchy is changed: almost all non-intrusive container classes are based
on their intrusive versions.
Two new namespace is added:
cds::intrusive - for intrusive containers
cds::container - for non-intrusive containers
Namespaces by container type (cds::queue, cds::map and so on) have been removed.
2. Added: New option-based approach is used for class declaration instead
old traits-based one. This approach allows to declare template arguments
in position-independent manner that is very useful for complex template declarations.
Option-based declarations use C++0x variadic templates if compiler supports it (GCC),
otherwise (MS VC) an emulation is used.
3. Changed: garbage collectors interface is generalized. cds::gc::GC (where GC is
one of HP, HRC, PTB) classes has been added.
4. Removed: tagged pointer GC. This GC
- unsafe for complex data structure
- x86-specific since it requires double-width CAS primitive
- memory-consuming since it requires separate free-list for each type stored in the containers
5. Default threading model is changed (see doc for cds::threading namespace):
- for Windows and MSVC++, CDS_THREADING_WIN_TLS is the default now
- for *nix and GCC, CDS_THREADING_PTHREAD is the default now
6. Added GCC 4.6 support (constexpr)
7. Added Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (vc10) solution
0.8.0 28.03.2011 (beta)
1. Added: cds::Initialize and cds::Terminate functions that initializes and frees library's
internal structures.
2. Added: cds::memory::michael::Heap - Michael's lock-free allocator
3. Added: Exponential back-off strategy for spinning
4. Added: cds::queue::vyukov_mpmc_bounded - bounded queue
developed by Dmitry Vyukov (http://www.1024cores.net)
5. Added: support for FreeBSD amd64, x86
0.7.2 27.02.2011 (beta)
1. [Bug 3157201] Added implementation of threading manager based on Windows TLS API, see
cds::threading::wintls::Manager. Added CDS_THREADING_WIN_TLS macro. See docs for
cds::threading namespace for details.
2. Fixed bug in cds::threading::pthread::Manager: ptb_gc has not been initialized properly.
3. New function
template <typename T, typename FUNC>
bool erase( const key_type& key, T& dest, FUNC func ) ;
has been added to all map classes.
4. New function
template <typename T, typename FUNC>
bool insert( const key_type& key, T& val, FUNC func ) ;
has been added to all map classes.
5. Added new argument "bNew" to functor "func" of map's "ensure" member function:
void func( VALUE& itemValue, const VALUE& val, bool bNew ) ;
bNew = true if new item has been added
bNew = false if key is found
6. Fixed bug in cds::map::SplitOrderedList: LSB of dummy node's hash should be zero
7. Changed: thread liveliness checking on *nix has been changed to pthread_kill(id, 0).
8. Fixed: in map template member functions the functor may be passed by value
or by reference; use boost::ref( yourFunctor ) to pass your functor by reference
9. Fixed: cds::gc::tagged GC and all classes based on this GC has been rewritten
to solve stability problems.
0.7.1 30.12.2010 (beta)
1. [Bug 3130852] cds::queue::TZCyclicQueue::empty() has been corrected
2. [Bug 3128161] It seems, GCC 4.4 has a bug in __thread on x86 and x86_64. New "threading model"
CDS_THREADING_AUTODETECT has been added. See docs of cds::threading namespace for details
3. Fixed errors in the "Pass-the-Buck" garbage collector (namespace cds::gc::ptb)
4. [Bug 3128148] The code is aligned with the C++ standard (minor violations has been removed)
5. [Bug 3141654] missing break statement for atomic store - fixed
6. Added in-place scan strategy to cds::gc::hzp::GarbageCollector that does not allocate any memory.
7. Fixed bugs in HRC and tagged GC
0.7.0 05.12.2010 (beta)
1. Preliminary support for "Pass The Buck" memory manager is added. See cds::gc::ptb namespace.
2. Many part of library is rewritten to generalize the usage of various GCs
3. The new class cds::details::aligned_allocator has been added for allocating aligned memory
blocks. It is useful for Tagged Pointer memory reclamation schema (cds::gc::tagged_gc).
4. [Break change] New argument has been added to the member functions "ensure" and "find"
for ordered list and map classes
5. New member function "emplace" has been added to ordered list and map classes. This member function
allows change the value (or a part of it) of list/map item.
6. The internal structure of class cds::map::MichaelHashMap is completely refactored to support
cds::gc::no_gc correctly
7. The classes RecursiveSpinT, RecursiveSpin32, RecursiveSpin64, and RecursiveSpin from cds::lock
namespace have been renamed to ReentrantSpinT, ReentrantSpin32, ReentrantSpin64, and ReentrantSpin
respectively
8. Compiler support: GCC version below 4.3.0 is not supported
9. Fixed memory leak in cds::map::SplitOrderedList
10. Added compiler barrier to spin-lock release primitive for x86 and amd64
11. Makefile script is changed to resolve the problem when an user calls 'make clean' directly.
Thanks to Tamas Lengyel to point me to this bug.
12. The file dictionary.txt is excluded from distributive. This file is used for testing purposes only.
You may create dictionary.txt in this way:
cd ./tests/data
perl -X split.pl
0.6.0 26.03.2010 (beta)
1. The library is rewritten using atomic primitives with explicit memory ordering (based on C++
memory model proposal). The implementation of atomic primitives for supported architectures
is developed from scratch.
2. Total refactoring
0.5.0 31.12.2009 (beta)
First release