memcached.c

/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
/*
 * arcus-memcached - Arcus memory cache server
 * Copyright 2010-2014 NAVER Corp.
 * Copyright 2014-2015 JaM2in Co., Ltd.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
/*
 *  memcached - memory caching daemon
 *
 *       http://www.danga.com/memcached/
 *
 *  Copyright 2003 Danga Interactive, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Use and distribution licensed under the BSD license.  See
 *  the LICENSE file for full text.
 *
 *  Authors:
 *      Anatoly Vorobey <mellon@pobox.com>
 *      Brad Fitzpatrick <brad@danga.com>
 */
#include "config.h"
#include "memcached.h"
#include "memcached/extension_loggers.h"
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
#include "arcus_zk.h"
#include "arcus_hb.h"
#endif

#if defined(ENABLE_SASL) || defined(ENABLE_ISASL)
#define SASL_ENABLED
#endif

#define ZK_CONNECTIONS 1

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>


/* Lock for global stats */
static pthread_mutex_t stats_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


void LOCK_STATS(void) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&stats_lock);
}

void UNLOCK_STATS(void) {
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&stats_lock);
}

/* Lock for global settings */
static pthread_mutex_t setting_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void LOCK_SETTING(void) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&setting_lock);
}

void UNLOCK_SETTING(void) {
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&setting_lock);
}

static pthread_mutex_t shutdown_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
volatile sig_atomic_t memcached_shutdown=0;
volatile int32_t shutdown_delay=0;
volatile bool dynamic_shutdown=false;

/*
 * We keep the current time of day in a global variable that's updated by a
 * timer event. This saves us a bunch of time() system calls (we really only
 * need to get the time once a second, whereas there can be tens of thousands
 * of requests a second) and allows us to use server-start-relative timestamps
 * rather than absolute UNIX timestamps, a space savings on systems where
 * sizeof(time_t) > sizeof(unsigned int).
 */
volatile rel_time_t current_time;
static time_t process_started; /* when the process was started */

/** exported globals **/
struct settings settings;
struct mc_stats mc_stats;
EXTENSION_LOGGER_DESCRIPTOR *mc_logger;
union mc_engine mc_engine;

/** file scope variables **/
static conn *listen_conn = NULL;
static struct event_base *main_base;
struct thread_stats *default_thread_stats;
topkeys_t *default_topkeys = NULL;

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
static char *arcus_zk_cfg = NULL;
#endif

/*
 * forward declarations
 */
static int new_socket(struct addrinfo *ai);
static int try_read_command(conn *c);

enum try_read_result {
    READ_DATA_RECEIVED,
    READ_NO_DATA_RECEIVED,
    READ_ERROR,            /** an error occured (on the socket) (or client closed connection) */
    READ_MEMORY_ERROR      /** failed to allocate more memory */
};

static enum try_read_result try_read_network(conn *c);
static enum try_read_result try_read_udp(conn *c);

/* stats */
static void stats_init(void);
static void server_stats(ADD_STAT add_stats, conn *c, bool aggregate);
static void process_stats_settings(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c);
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
static void process_stats_zookeeper(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c);
#endif
static void update_stat_cas(conn *c, ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret);

/* defaults */
static void settings_init(void);

/* event handling, network IO */
static void event_handler(const int fd, const short which, void *arg);
static bool update_event(conn *c, const int new_flags);
static void complete_nread(conn *c);
static int try_read_command_binary(conn *c);
static int try_read_command_ascii(conn *c);
static void write_and_free(conn *c, char *buf, int bytes);
static int ensure_iov_space(conn *c);
static int add_iov(conn *c, const void *buf, int len);
static int add_msghdr(conn *c);

enum transmit_result {
    TRANSMIT_COMPLETE,   /** All done writing. */
    TRANSMIT_INCOMPLETE, /** More data remaining to write. */
    TRANSMIT_SOFT_ERROR, /** Can't write any more right now. */
    TRANSMIT_HARD_ERROR  /** Can't write (c->state is set to conn_closing) */
};

static enum transmit_result transmit(conn *c);


/* time-sensitive callers can call it by hand with this,
 * outside the normal ever-1-second timer
 */
static void set_current_time(void)
{
    struct timeval timer;
    gettimeofday(&timer, NULL);
    current_time = (rel_time_t) (timer.tv_sec - process_started);
}

static rel_time_t get_current_time(void)
{
    return current_time;
}

#define REALTIME_MAXDELTA 60*60*24*30
#define MAX_RELATIVE_TIME 0x7FFFFFFF
/*
 * given time value that's either unix time or delta from current unix time,
 * return unix time. Use the fact that delta can't exceed one month
 * (and real time value can't be that low).
 */
static rel_time_t realtime(const time_t exptime)
{
    if (exptime == 0) return 0; /* 0 means never expire */
    if (exptime < 0) {
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
        if (exptime == -1) return (rel_time_t)(-1);
#endif
        return (rel_time_t)1;
    }
    /* no. of seconds in 30 days - largest possible delta exptime */
    if (exptime > REALTIME_MAXDELTA) {
        /* if item expiration is at/before the server started, give it an
           expiration time of 1 second after the server started.
           (because 0 means don't expire).  without this, we'd
           underflow and wrap around to some large value way in the
           future, effectively making items expiring in the past
           really expiring never */
        if (exptime <= process_started) {
            return (rel_time_t)1;
        }
        time_t expiration = exptime - process_started;
        if (expiration > MAX_RELATIVE_TIME) { // rel_time_t overflow
            return (rel_time_t)MAX_RELATIVE_TIME;
        }
        return (rel_time_t)expiration;
    } else {
        return (rel_time_t)(exptime + current_time);
    }
}

/*
 * given time value is relative to current time.
 * return delta from current unix time.
 */
static rel_time_t lefttime(const rel_time_t exptime)
{
    if (exptime == 0) {
        return exptime;
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
    } else if (exptime == (rel_time_t)-1) {
        return exptime;
#endif
    } else {
        if (exptime <= current_time) {
            return (rel_time_t)-2;
        } else {
            return exptime - current_time;
        }
    }
}

/* grow the dynamic buffer of the given connection */
static bool grow_dynamic_buffer(conn *c, size_t needed)
{
    size_t nsize = c->dynamic_buffer.size;
    size_t available = nsize - c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    bool rv = true;

    /* Special case: No buffer -- need to allocate fresh */
    if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer == NULL) {
        nsize = 1024;
        available = c->dynamic_buffer.size = c->dynamic_buffer.offset = 0;
    }

    while (needed > available) {
        assert(nsize > 0);
        nsize = nsize << 1;
        available = nsize - c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    }

    if (nsize != c->dynamic_buffer.size) {
        char *ptr = realloc(c->dynamic_buffer.buffer, nsize);
        if (ptr) {
            c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = ptr;
            c->dynamic_buffer.size = nsize;
        } else {
            rv = false;
        }
    }

    return rv;
}

static void disable_stats_detail(void)
{
    settings.detail_enabled = 0;
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                   "Detailed stats internally disabled.\n");
}

static void stats_init(void)
{
    mc_stats.daemon_conns = 0;
    mc_stats.rejected_conns = 0;
    mc_stats.quit_conns = 0;
    mc_stats.curr_conns = mc_stats.total_conns = mc_stats.conn_structs = 0;

    /* make the time we started always be 2 seconds before we really
       did, so time(0) - time.started is never zero.  if so, things
       like 'settings.oldest_live' which act as booleans as well as
       values are now false in boolean context... */
    process_started = time(0) - 2;
    stats_prefix_init(settings.prefix_delimiter, disable_stats_detail);
}

static void stats_reset(const void *cookie)
{
    LOCK_STATS();
    mc_stats.rejected_conns = 0;
    mc_stats.quit_conns = 0;
    mc_stats.total_conns = 0;
    stats_prefix_clear();
    UNLOCK_STATS();
    threadlocal_stats_reset(default_thread_stats);
    mc_engine.v1->reset_stats(mc_engine.v0, cookie);
}

#ifdef NEW_PREFIX_STATS_MANAGEMENT
static int prefix_stats_insert(const char *prefix, const size_t nprefix)
{
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        return stats_prefix_insert(prefix, nprefix);
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}

static int prefix_stats_delete(const char *prefix, const size_t nprefix)
{
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        return stats_prefix_delete(prefix, nprefix);
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}
#endif

static void settings_init(void)
{
    settings.use_cas = true;
    settings.access = 0700;
    settings.port = 11211;
    settings.udpport = 0;
    /* By default this string should be NULL for getaddrinfo() */
    settings.inter = NULL;
    settings.maxbytes = 64 * 1024 * 1024; /* default is 64MB */
    settings.maxconns = 1024;         /* to limit connections-related memory to about 5MB */
    settings.sticky_limit = 0;        /* default: 0 MB */
    settings.verbose = 0;
    settings.oldest_live = 0;
    settings.evict_to_free = 1;       /* push old items out of cache when memory runs out */
    settings.socketpath = NULL;       /* by default, not using a unix socket */
    settings.factor = 1.25;
    settings.chunk_size = 48;         /* space for a modest key and value */
    settings.num_threads = 4;         /* N workers */
    settings.prefix_delimiter = ':';
    settings.detail_enabled = 0;
    settings.allow_detailed = true;
    settings.reqs_per_event = DEFAULT_REQS_PER_EVENT;
    settings.backlog = 1024;
    settings.binding_protocol = negotiating_prot;
    settings.item_size_max = 1024 * 1024; /* The famous 1MB upper limit. */
    settings.max_list_size = 50000; /* DEFAULT_MAX_LIST_SIZE */
    settings.max_set_size = 50000; /* DEFAULT_MAX_SET_SIZE */
    settings.max_map_size = 50000; /* DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_SIZE */
    settings.max_btree_size = 50000; /* DEFAULT_MAX_BTREE_SIZE */
    settings.max_element_bytes = 16 * 1024; /* DEFAULT_MAX_ELEMENT_BYTES */
    settings.scrub_count = 96; /* DEFAULT_SCRUB_COUNT */
    settings.topkeys = 0;
    settings.require_sasl = false;
    settings.extensions.logger = get_stderr_logger();
}

/*
 * Adds a message header to a connection.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -1 on out-of-memory.
 */
static int add_msghdr(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    struct msghdr *msg;

    if (c->msgsize == c->msgused) {
        msg = realloc(c->msglist, c->msgsize * 2 * sizeof(struct msghdr));
        if (! msg)
            return -1;
        c->msglist = msg;
        c->msgsize *= 2;
    }

    msg = c->msglist + c->msgused;

    /* this wipes msg_iovlen, msg_control, msg_controllen, and
     * msg_flags, the last 3 of which aren't defined on solaris:
     */
    memset(msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));

    msg->msg_iov = &c->iov[c->iovused];

    if (c->request_addr_size > 0) {
        msg->msg_name = &c->request_addr;
        msg->msg_namelen = c->request_addr_size;
    }

    c->msgbytes = 0;
    c->msgused++;

    if (IS_UDP(c->transport)) {
        /* Leave room for the UDP header, which we'll fill in later. */
        return add_iov(c, NULL, UDP_HEADER_SIZE);
    }

    return 0;
}

static const char *prot_text(enum protocol prot)
{
    if (prot == ascii_prot) return "ascii";
    else if (prot == binary_prot) return "binary";
    else if (prot == negotiating_prot) return "auto-negotiate";
    else return "unknown";
}

void safe_close(int sfd)
{
    if (sfd != -1) {
        int rval;
        while ((rval = close(sfd)) == -1 &&
               (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)) {
            /* go ahead and retry */
        }
        if (rval == -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                           "Failed to close socket %d (%s)!!\n",
                           (int)sfd, strerror(errno));
        } else {
            LOCK_STATS();
            mc_stats.curr_conns--;
            UNLOCK_STATS();
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Free list management for connections.
 */
cache_t *conn_cache;      /* suffix cache */

/**
 * Reset all of the dynamic buffers used by a connection back to their
 * default sizes. The strategy for resizing the buffers is to allocate a
 * new one of the correct size and free the old one if the allocation succeeds
 * instead of using realloc to change the buffer size (because realloc may
 * not shrink the buffers, and will also copy the memory). If the allocation
 * fails the buffer will be unchanged.
 *
 * @param c the connection to resize the buffers for
 * @return true if all allocations succeeded, false if one or more of the
 *         allocations failed.
 */
static bool conn_reset_buffersize(conn *c)
{
    bool ret = true;

    if (c->rsize != DATA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
        void *ptr = malloc(DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->rbuf);
            c->rbuf = ptr;
            c->rsize = DATA_BUFFER_SIZE;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    if (c->wsize != DATA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
        void *ptr = malloc(DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->wbuf);
            c->wbuf = ptr;
            c->wsize = DATA_BUFFER_SIZE;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    if (c->isize != ITEM_LIST_INITIAL) {
        void *ptr = malloc(sizeof(item *) * ITEM_LIST_INITIAL);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->ilist);
            c->ilist = ptr;
            c->isize = ITEM_LIST_INITIAL;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    if (c->suffixsize != SUFFIX_LIST_INITIAL) {
        void *ptr = malloc(sizeof(char *) * SUFFIX_LIST_INITIAL);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->suffixlist);
            c->suffixlist = ptr;
            c->suffixsize = SUFFIX_LIST_INITIAL;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    if (c->iovsize != IOV_LIST_INITIAL) {
        void *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct iovec) * IOV_LIST_INITIAL);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->iov);
            c->iov = ptr;
            c->iovsize = IOV_LIST_INITIAL;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    if (c->msgsize != MSG_LIST_INITIAL) {
        void *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct msghdr) * MSG_LIST_INITIAL);
        if (ptr != NULL) {
            free(c->msglist);
            c->msglist = ptr;
            c->msgsize = MSG_LIST_INITIAL;
        } else {
            ret = false;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

/**
 * Constructor for all memory allocations of connection objects. Initialize
 * all members and allocate the transfer buffers.
 *
 * @param buffer The memory allocated by the object cache
 * @param unused1 not used
 * @param unused2 not used
 * @return 0 on success, 1 if we failed to allocate memory
 */
static int conn_constructor(void *buffer, void *unused1, int unused2)
{
    (void)unused1; (void)unused2;

    conn *c = buffer;
    memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
    MEMCACHED_CONN_CREATE(c);

    if (!conn_reset_buffersize(c)) {
        free(c->rbuf);
        free(c->wbuf);
        free(c->ilist);
        free(c->suffixlist);
        free(c->iov);
        free(c->msglist);
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                       "Failed to allocate buffers for connection\n");
        return 1;
    }

    LOCK_STATS();
    mc_stats.conn_structs++;
    UNLOCK_STATS();

    return 0;
}

/**
 * Destructor for all connection objects. Release all allocated resources.
 *
 * @param buffer The memory allocated by the objec cache
 * @param unused not used
 */
static void conn_destructor(void *buffer, void *unused)
{
    (void)unused;
    conn *c = buffer;
    free(c->rbuf);
    free(c->wbuf);
    free(c->ilist);
    free(c->suffixlist);
    free(c->iov);
    free(c->msglist);

    LOCK_STATS();
    mc_stats.conn_structs--;
    UNLOCK_STATS();
}

conn *conn_new(const int sfd, STATE_FUNC init_state,
                const int event_flags,
                const int read_buffer_size, enum network_transport transport,
                struct event_base *base, struct timeval *timeout)
{
    conn *c = cache_alloc(conn_cache);
    if (c == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    assert(c->thread == NULL);

    if (c->rsize < read_buffer_size) {
        void *mem = malloc(read_buffer_size);
        if (mem) {
            c->rsize = read_buffer_size;
            free(c->rbuf);
            c->rbuf = mem;
        } else {
            assert(c->thread == NULL);
            cache_free(conn_cache, c);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    c->transport = transport;
    c->protocol = settings.binding_protocol;

    /* unix socket mode doesn't need this, so zeroed out.  but why
     * is this done for every command?  presumably for UDP
     * mode.  */
    if (!settings.socketpath) {
        c->request_addr_size = sizeof(c->request_addr);
    } else {
        c->request_addr_size = 0;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        if (init_state == conn_listening) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d server listening (%s)\n", sfd, prot_text(c->protocol));
        } else if (IS_UDP(transport)) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d server listening (udp)\n", sfd);
        } else if (c->protocol == negotiating_prot) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d new auto-negotiating client connection\n", sfd);
        } else if (c->protocol == ascii_prot) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d new ascii client connection.\n", sfd);
        } else if (c->protocol == binary_prot) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d new binary client connection.\n", sfd);
        } else {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d new unknown (%d) client connection\n", sfd, c->protocol);
            assert(false);
        }
    }

    c->sfd = sfd;
    c->state = init_state;
    c->cmd = -1;
    c->ascii_cmd = NULL;
    c->rbytes = c->wbytes = 0;
    c->wcurr = c->wbuf;
    c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
    c->rtype = CONN_RTYPE_NONE;
    c->rindex = 0; /* used when rtype is HINFO or EINFO */
    c->ritem = 0;
    c->rlbytes = 0;
    c->rltotal = 0; /* used when read with multiple mem blocks */
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
    c->pcurr = c->ilist;
#endif
    c->icurr = c->ilist;
    c->suffixcurr = c->suffixlist;
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
    c->pleft = 0;
#endif
    c->ileft = 0;
    c->suffixleft = 0;
    c->iovused = 0;
    c->msgcurr = 0;
    c->msgused = 0;
    c->next = NULL;
    c->conn_prev = NULL;
    c->conn_next = NULL;

#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    c->lq_result = NULL;
#endif

    c->write_and_go = init_state;
    c->write_and_free = 0;
    c->item = 0;

    c->coll_strkeys = 0;
    c->coll_eitem = 0;
    c->coll_resps = 0;

    // COMMAND PIPELINING
    c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_OFF;
    c->pipe_count = 0;
    c->noreply = false;

    event_set(&c->event, sfd, event_flags, event_handler, (void *)c);
    event_base_set(base, &c->event);
    c->ev_flags = event_flags;

    if (event_add(&c->event, timeout) == -1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                       "Failed to add connection to libevent: %s", strerror(errno));
        assert(c->thread == NULL);
        cache_free(conn_cache, c);
        return NULL;
    }

    LOCK_STATS();
    mc_stats.total_conns++;
    UNLOCK_STATS();

    c->aiostat = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    c->ewouldblock = false;
    c->io_blocked = false;
#ifdef MULTI_NOTIFY_IO_COMPLETE
    c->current_io_wait = 0;
    c->premature_io_complete = 0;
#else
    c->premature_io_complete = false;
#endif

    /* save client ip address in connection object */
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);
    /* even if getpeername is successful, there is no guarantee of initialization */
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
    if (getpeername(c->sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, &addrlen) != 0) {
        if (init_state == conn_new_cmd) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                           "getpeername(fd=%d) has failed: %s\n",
                           c->sfd, strerror(errno));
        }
    }
    snprintf(c->client_ip, 16, "%s", inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr));

    MEMCACHED_CONN_ALLOCATE(c->sfd);
    perform_callbacks(ON_CONNECT, NULL, c);

    return c;
}

static void conn_coll_eitem_free(conn *c)
{
    switch (c->coll_op) {
      /* lop */
      case OPERATION_LOP_INSERT:
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_LOP_GET:
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, c->coll_ecount);
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        if (c->coll_resps != NULL) {
            free(c->coll_resps); c->coll_resps = NULL;
        }
        break;
      /* sop */
      case OPERATION_SOP_INSERT:
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_SOP_DELETE:
      case OPERATION_SOP_EXIST:
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_SOP_GET:
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, c->coll_ecount);
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        if (c->coll_resps != NULL) {
            free(c->coll_resps); c->coll_resps = NULL;
        }
        break;
      /* mop */
      case OPERATION_MOP_INSERT:
      case OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT:
        mc_engine.v1->map_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE:
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_MOP_GET:
        mc_engine.v1->map_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, c->coll_ecount);
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        if (c->coll_resps != NULL) {
            free(c->coll_resps); c->coll_resps = NULL;
        }
        break;
      /* bop */
      case OPERATION_BOP_INSERT:
      case OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT:
        if (c->coll_resps != NULL) {
            /* release the element trimmed by insertion */
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, 1);
            free(c->coll_resps); c->coll_resps = NULL;
        } else {
            /* free the element allocated for insertion */
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        }
        break;
      case OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE:
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        break;
      case OPERATION_BOP_GET:
      case OPERATION_BOP_PWG: /* position with get */
      case OPERATION_BOP_GBP: /* get by position */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, c->coll_ecount);
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        if (c->coll_resps != NULL) {
            free(c->coll_resps); c->coll_resps = NULL;
        }
        break;
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
      case OPERATION_BOP_MGET:
        for (int k = 0; k < c->coll_numkeys; k++) {
            struct elems_result *eresptr = &((struct elems_result*)c->coll_eitem)[k];
            if (eresptr->elem_array != NULL) {
                mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c,
                                                 eresptr->elem_array, eresptr->elem_count);
                free(eresptr->elem_array);
                eresptr->elem_array = NULL;
            }
        }
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        break;
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
      case OPERATION_BOP_SMGET:
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem, c->coll_ecount);
        free(c->coll_eitem);
        break;
#endif
      default:
        assert(0); /* This case must not happen */
    }
}

static void conn_cleanup(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (c->item) {
        mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->item);
        c->item = 0;
    }

#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (c->lq_result) {
        lqdetect_result_release(c->lq_result);
        c->lq_result = NULL;
    }
#endif

    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        conn_coll_eitem_free(c);
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;
    }
    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
        mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
        c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
    }

    if (c->ileft != 0) {
        for (; c->ileft > 0; c->ileft--,c->icurr++) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, *(c->icurr));
        }
    }
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
    else if (c->pleft != 0) {
        for (; c->pleft > 0; c->pleft--,c->pcurr++) {
            mc_engine.v1->prefix_release(mc_engine.v0, c, *(c->pcurr));
        }
    }
#endif

    if (c->suffixleft != 0) {
        for (; c->suffixleft > 0; c->suffixleft--, c->suffixcurr++) {
            cache_free(c->thread->suffix_cache, *(c->suffixcurr));
        }
    }

    if (c->write_and_free) {
        free(c->write_and_free);
        c->write_and_free = 0;
    }

    if (c->sasl_conn) {
        sasl_dispose(&c->sasl_conn);
        c->sasl_conn = NULL;
    }

    c->engine_storage = NULL;
    c->ascii_cmd = NULL;
    c->ewouldblock = false;
    c->io_blocked = false;
#ifdef MULTI_NOTIFY_IO_COMPLETE
    c->current_io_wait = 0;
    c->premature_io_complete = 0;
#else
    c->premature_io_complete = false;
#endif
}

void conn_close(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    /* delete the event, the socket and the conn */
    if (c->sfd != -1) {
        MEMCACHED_CONN_RELEASE(c->sfd);
        event_del(&c->event);

        if (settings.verbose > 1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                           "<%d connection closed.\n", c->sfd);
        }
        safe_close(c->sfd);
        c->sfd = -1;
    }

    if (c->ascii_cmd != NULL) {
        c->ascii_cmd->abort(c->ascii_cmd, c);
    }

    assert(c->thread);
    perform_callbacks(ON_DISCONNECT, NULL, c);

    /* remove from pending-io list */
    remove_io_pending(c);

    conn_cleanup(c);
    /* disconnect it from the conn_list of a thread in charge */
    if (c->conn_prev != NULL) {
        c->conn_prev->conn_next = c->conn_next;
    } else {
        assert(c->thread->conn_list == c);
        c->thread->conn_list = c->conn_next;
    }
    if (c->conn_next != NULL) {
        c->conn_next->conn_prev = c->conn_prev;
    }
    c->thread = NULL;
    assert(c->next == NULL);

    /*
     * The contract with the object cache is that we should return the
     * object in a constructed state. Reset the buffers to the default
     * size
     */
    conn_reset_buffersize(c);
    assert(c->thread == NULL);
    cache_free(conn_cache, c);
}

/*
 * Shrinks a connection's buffers if they're too big.  This prevents
 * periodic large "get" requests from permanently chewing lots of server
 * memory.
 *
 * This should only be called in between requests since it can wipe output
 * buffers!
 */
static void conn_shrink(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (IS_UDP(c->transport))
        return;

    if (c->rsize > READ_BUFFER_HIGHWAT && c->rbytes < DATA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
        char *newbuf;

        if (c->rcurr != c->rbuf)
            memmove(c->rbuf, c->rcurr, (size_t)c->rbytes);

        newbuf = (char *)realloc((void *)c->rbuf, DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);

        if (newbuf) {
            c->rbuf = newbuf;
            c->rsize = DATA_BUFFER_SIZE;
        }
        /* TODO check other branch... */
        c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
    }

    if (c->isize > ITEM_LIST_HIGHWAT) {
        item **newbuf = (item**) realloc((void *)c->ilist, ITEM_LIST_INITIAL * sizeof(c->ilist[0]));
        if (newbuf) {
            c->ilist = newbuf;
            c->isize = ITEM_LIST_INITIAL;
        }
    /* TODO check error condition? */
    }

    if (c->msgsize > MSG_LIST_HIGHWAT) {
        struct msghdr *newbuf = (struct msghdr *) realloc((void *)c->msglist, MSG_LIST_INITIAL * sizeof(c->msglist[0]));
        if (newbuf) {
            c->msglist = newbuf;
            c->msgsize = MSG_LIST_INITIAL;
        }
    /* TODO check error condition? */
    }

    if (c->iovsize > IOV_LIST_HIGHWAT) {
        struct iovec *newbuf = (struct iovec *) realloc((void *)c->iov, IOV_LIST_INITIAL * sizeof(c->iov[0]));
        if (newbuf) {
            c->iov = newbuf;
            c->iovsize = IOV_LIST_INITIAL;
        }
    /* TODO check return value */
    }
}

static void ritem_set_first(conn *c, int rtype, int vleng)
{
    c->rtype = rtype;

    if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK) {
        c->membk = MBLCK_GET_HEADBLK(&c->memblist);
        c->ritem = MBLCK_GET_BODYPTR(c->membk);
        c->rlbytes = vleng < MBLCK_GET_BODYLEN(&c->memblist)
                   ? vleng : MBLCK_GET_BODYLEN(&c->memblist);
        c->rltotal = vleng;
    }
    else if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_HINFO) {
        if (c->hinfo.naddnl == 0) {
            c->ritem = (char*)c->hinfo.value;
            c->rlbytes = vleng;
            c->rltotal = 0;
        } else {
            if (c->hinfo.nvalue > 0) {
                c->ritem = (char*)c->hinfo.value;
                c->rlbytes = vleng < c->hinfo.nvalue
                           ? vleng : c->hinfo.nvalue;
                c->rindex = 0;
            } else {
                c->ritem = c->hinfo.addnl[0]->ptr;
                c->rlbytes = vleng < c->hinfo.addnl[0]->len
                           ? vleng : c->hinfo.addnl[0]->len;
                c->rindex = 1;
            }
            c->rltotal = vleng;
        }
    }
    else if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_EINFO) {
        if (c->einfo.naddnl == 0) {
            c->ritem = (char*)c->einfo.value;
            c->rlbytes = vleng;
            c->rltotal = 0;
        } else {
            if (c->einfo.nvalue > 0) {
                c->ritem = (char*)c->einfo.value;
                c->rlbytes = vleng < c->einfo.nvalue
                           ? vleng : c->einfo.nvalue;
                c->rindex = 0;
            } else {
                c->ritem = c->einfo.addnl[0]->ptr;
                c->rlbytes = vleng < c->einfo.addnl[0]->len
                           ? vleng : c->einfo.addnl[0]->len;
                c->rindex = 1;
            }
            c->rltotal = vleng;
        }
    }
}

static void ritem_set_next(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->rltotal > 0);

    if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK) {
        c->membk = MBLCK_GET_NEXTBLK(c->membk);
        c->ritem = MBLCK_GET_BODYPTR(c->membk);
        c->rlbytes = c->rltotal < MBLCK_GET_BODYLEN(&c->memblist)
                   ? c->rltotal : MBLCK_GET_BODYLEN(&c->memblist);
    }
    else if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_HINFO) {
        c->ritem = c->hinfo.addnl[c->rindex]->ptr;
        c->rlbytes = c->rltotal < c->hinfo.addnl[c->rindex]->len
                   ? c->rltotal : c->hinfo.addnl[c->rindex]->len;
        c->rindex += 1;
    }
    else if (c->rtype == CONN_RTYPE_EINFO) {
        c->ritem = c->einfo.addnl[c->rindex]->ptr;
        c->rlbytes = c->rltotal < c->einfo.addnl[c->rindex]->len
                   ? c->rltotal : c->einfo.addnl[c->rindex]->len;
        c->rindex += 1;
    }
}

/**
 * Convert a state name to a human readable form.
 */
const char *state_text(STATE_FUNC state)
{
    if (state == conn_listening) {
        return "conn_listening";
    } else if (state == conn_new_cmd) {
        return "conn_new_cmd";
    } else if (state == conn_waiting) {
        return "conn_waiting";
    } else if (state == conn_read) {
        return "conn_read";
    } else if (state == conn_parse_cmd) {
        return "conn_parse_cmd";
    } else if (state == conn_write) {
        return "conn_write";
    } else if (state == conn_nread) {
        return "conn_nread";
    } else if (state == conn_swallow) {
        return "conn_swallow";
    } else if (state == conn_closing) {
        return "conn_closing";
    } else if (state == conn_mwrite) {
        return "conn_mwrite";
    } else {
        return "Unknown";
    }
}

/*
 * Sets a connection's current state in the state machine. Any special
 * processing that needs to happen on certain state transitions can
 * happen here.
 */
void conn_set_state(conn *c, STATE_FUNC state)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (state != c->state) {
        if (settings.verbose > 2 || c->state == conn_closing) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DETAIL, c, "%d: going from %s to %s\n",
                           c->sfd, state_text(c->state), state_text(state));
        }

        c->state = state;

        if (state == conn_write || state == conn_mwrite) {
            MEMCACHED_PROCESS_COMMAND_END(c->sfd, c->wbuf, c->wbytes);
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Ensures that there is room for another struct iovec in a connection's
 * iov list.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -1 on out-of-memory.
 */
static int ensure_iov_space(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (c->iovused >= c->iovsize) {
        int i, iovnum;
        struct iovec *new_iov = (struct iovec *)realloc(c->iov,
                                (c->iovsize * 2) * sizeof(struct iovec));
        if (! new_iov)
            return -1;
        c->iov = new_iov;
        c->iovsize *= 2;

        /* Point all the msghdr structures at the new list. */
        for (i = 0, iovnum = 0; i < c->msgused; i++) {
            c->msglist[i].msg_iov = &c->iov[iovnum];
            iovnum += c->msglist[i].msg_iovlen;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


/*
 * Adds data to the list of pending data that will be written out to a
 * connection.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -1 on out-of-memory.
 * Note: This is a hot path for at least ASCII protocol. While there is
 * redundant code in splitting TCP/UDP handling, any reduction in steps has a
 * large impact for TCP connections.
 */

static int add_iov(conn *c, const void *buf, int len)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    struct msghdr *m;
    int leftover;

    if (IS_UDP(c->transport)) {
        do {
            m = &c->msglist[c->msgused - 1];

            /*
             * Limit UDP packets to UDP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE bytes.
             */

            /* We may need to start a new msghdr if this one is full. */
            if (m->msg_iovlen == IOV_MAX ||
                (c->msgbytes >= UDP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) {
                add_msghdr(c);
                m = &c->msglist[c->msgused - 1];
            }

            if (ensure_iov_space(c) != 0)
                return -1;

            /* If the fragment is too big to fit in the datagram, split it up */
            if (len + c->msgbytes > UDP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
                leftover = len + c->msgbytes - UDP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
                len -= leftover;
            } else {
                leftover = 0;
            }

            m = &c->msglist[c->msgused - 1];
            m->msg_iov[m->msg_iovlen].iov_base = (void *)buf;
            m->msg_iov[m->msg_iovlen].iov_len = len;

            c->msgbytes += len;
            c->iovused++;
            m->msg_iovlen++;

            buf = ((char *)buf) + len;
            len = leftover;
        } while (leftover > 0);
    } else {
        /* Optimized path for TCP connections */
        m = &c->msglist[c->msgused - 1];
        if (m->msg_iovlen == IOV_MAX) {
            add_msghdr(c);
            m = &c->msglist[c->msgused - 1];
        }

        if (ensure_iov_space(c) != 0)
            return -1;

        m->msg_iov[m->msg_iovlen].iov_base = (void *)buf;
        m->msg_iov[m->msg_iovlen].iov_len = len;
        c->msgbytes += len;
        c->iovused++;
        m->msg_iovlen++;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int add_iov_hinfo_ascii(conn *c, item_info *hinfo)
{
    assert(c->protocol == ascii_prot);
    if (hinfo->nvalue > 0) {
        if (add_iov(c, hinfo->value, hinfo->nvalue) != 0)
            return -1;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < hinfo->naddnl; i++) {
        if (add_iov(c, hinfo->addnl[i]->ptr, hinfo->addnl[i]->len) != 0)
            return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int add_iov_hinfo_bin(conn *c, item_info *hinfo)
{
    assert(c->protocol == binary_prot);
    /* exclude the "\r\n" string at the end of the value */
    int length = hinfo->nbytes - 2;
    int iosize;
    if (hinfo->nvalue > 0 && length > 0) {
        iosize = length < hinfo->nvalue
               ? length : hinfo->nvalue;
        if (add_iov(c, hinfo->value, iosize) != 0)
            return -1;
        length -= iosize;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < hinfo->naddnl && length > 0; i++) {
        iosize = length < hinfo->addnl[i]->len
               ? length : hinfo->addnl[i]->len;
        if (add_iov(c, hinfo->addnl[i]->ptr, iosize) != 0)
            return -1;
        length -= iosize;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int add_iov_einfo_ascii(conn *c, eitem_info *einfo)
{
    assert(c->protocol == ascii_prot);
    if (einfo->nvalue > 0) {
        if (add_iov(c, einfo->value, einfo->nvalue) != 0)
            return -1;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < einfo->naddnl; i++) {
        if (add_iov(c, einfo->addnl[i]->ptr, einfo->addnl[i]->len) != 0)
            return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int add_iov_einfo_bin(conn *c, eitem_info *einfo)
{
    assert(c->protocol == binary_prot);
    /* exclude the "\r\n" string at the end of the value */
    int length = einfo->nbytes - 2;
    int iosize;
    if (einfo->nvalue > 0 && length > 0) {
        iosize = length < einfo->nvalue
               ? length : einfo->nvalue;
        if (add_iov(c, einfo->value, iosize) != 0)
            return -1;
        length -= iosize;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < einfo->naddnl && length > 0; i++) {
        iosize = length < einfo->addnl[i]->len
               ? length : einfo->addnl[i]->len;
        if (add_iov(c, einfo->addnl[i]->ptr, iosize) != 0)
            return -1;
        length -= iosize;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int hinfo_check_tail_crlf(item_info *hinfo)
{
    if (hinfo->naddnl == 0) {
        return memcmp((char*)hinfo->value + hinfo->nbytes - 2, "\r\n", 2);
    }

    value_item *last = hinfo->addnl[hinfo->naddnl-1];
    if (last->len >= 2) {
        return memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);
    }

    /* last->len == 1 */
    if (memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\n", 1) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (hinfo->naddnl >= 2) {
        last = hinfo->addnl[hinfo->naddnl-2];
        return memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\r", 1);
    } else {
        return memcmp((char*)hinfo->value + hinfo->nvalue - 1, "\r", 1);
    }
}

static void hinfo_append_tail_crlf(item_info *hinfo)
{
    if (hinfo->naddnl == 0) {
        memcpy((char*)hinfo->value + hinfo->nbytes - 2, "\r\n", 2);
        return;
    }

    value_item *last = hinfo->addnl[hinfo->naddnl-1];
    if (last->len >= 2) {
        memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);
        return;
    }

    /* last->len == 1 */
    memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\n", 1);
    if (hinfo->naddnl >= 2) {
        last = hinfo->addnl[hinfo->naddnl-2];
        memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\r", 1);
    } else {
        memcpy((char*)hinfo->value + hinfo->nvalue - 1, "\r", 1);
    }
}

static int einfo_check_tail_crlf(eitem_info *einfo)
{
    if (einfo->naddnl == 0) {
        return memcmp((char*)einfo->value + einfo->nbytes - 2, "\r\n", 2);
    }

    value_item *last = einfo->addnl[einfo->naddnl-1];
    if (last->len >= 2) {
        return memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);
    }

    /* last->len == 1 */
    if (memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\n", 1) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (einfo->naddnl >= 2) {
        last = einfo->addnl[einfo->naddnl-2];
        return memcmp(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\r", 1);
    } else {
        return memcmp((char*)einfo->value + einfo->nvalue - 1, "\r", 1);
    }
}

static void einfo_append_tail_crlf(eitem_info *einfo)
{
    if (einfo->naddnl == 0) {
        memcpy((char*)einfo->value + einfo->nbytes - 2, "\r\n", 2);
        return;
    }

    value_item *last = einfo->addnl[einfo->naddnl-1];
    if (last->len >= 2) {
        memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);
        return;
    }

    /* last->len == 1 */
    memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\n", 1);
    if (einfo->naddnl >= 2) {
        last = einfo->addnl[einfo->naddnl-2];
        memcpy(last->ptr + last->len - 1, "\r", 1);
    } else {
        memcpy((char*)einfo->value + einfo->nvalue - 1, "\r", 1);
    }
}

/*
 * Constructs an UDP header and attaches it to the outgoing message.
 */
static void build_udp_header(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    struct msghdr *m = &c->msglist[c->msgcurr];
    if (m->msg_iov[0].iov_base == NULL &&
        m->msg_iov[0].iov_len == UDP_HEADER_SIZE) {
        unsigned char *hdr = c->hdrbuf;
        *hdr++ = c->request_id / 256;
        *hdr++ = c->request_id % 256;
        *hdr++ = c->msgcurr / 256;
        *hdr++ = c->msgcurr % 256;
        *hdr++ = c->msgused / 256;
        *hdr++ = c->msgused % 256;
        *hdr++ = 0;
        *hdr++ = 0;
        m->msg_iov[0].iov_base = (void*)c->hdrbuf;
    }
}

static void pipe_state_clear(conn *c)
{
    c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_OFF;
    c->pipe_count = 0;
}

static int pipe_response_save(conn *c, const char *str, size_t len)
{
    if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ON) {
        if (c->pipe_count == 0) {
            /* skip the memory of response head string: "RESPONSE %d\r\n" */
            c->pipe_reslen = PIPE_RES_HEAD_SIZE;
            c->pipe_errlen = 0;
        }
        if ((c->pipe_reslen + (len+2)) < (PIPE_RES_MAX_SIZE-PIPE_RES_TAIL_SIZE)) {
            sprintf(c->pipe_resbuf + c->pipe_reslen, "%s\r\n", str);
            c->pipe_reslen += (len+2);
            c->pipe_count++;

            if ((strncmp(str, "CLIENT_ERROR", 12) == 0) ||
                (strncmp(str, "SERVER_ERROR", 12) == 0) ||
                (strncmp(str, "ERROR", 5) == 0)) { /* severe error */
                c->pipe_errlen = (len+2);
                c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_ERR_BAD; /* bad error in pipelining */
                return -1;
            }
            if (c->pipe_count >= PIPE_CMD_MAX_COUNT && c->noreply == true) {
                /* c->noreply == true: There are remaining pipe operations. */
                c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_ERR_CFULL; /* pipe count overflow */
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_ERR_MFULL; /* pipe memory overflow */
            return -1;
        }
    } else {
        /* A new command was processed before the pipe error was reset. This
         * means that the previous pipelined commands were not properly swallowed.
         * For now, force resets the previous pipelining.
         */
        char *pipe_errstr = c->pipe_resbuf + c->pipe_reslen - c->pipe_errlen;
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                       "[%s] A new response before pipe error is reset.\n"
                       "pipe response count = %d\n"
                       "pipe error response = %s"
                       "new response of cmd = %s\n",
                       c->client_ip, c->pipe_count, pipe_errstr, str);
        pipe_state_clear(c);
    }
    return 0;
}

static void pipe_response_done(conn *c, bool end_of_pipelining)
{
    char headbuf[PIPE_RES_HEAD_SIZE];
    int headlen;
    int headidx;

    /* pipe response head string */
    headlen = sprintf(headbuf, "RESPONSE %d\r\n", c->pipe_count);
    assert(headlen > 0 && headlen <= PIPE_RES_HEAD_SIZE);
    headidx = PIPE_RES_HEAD_SIZE - headlen;
    memcpy(&c->pipe_resbuf[headidx], headbuf, headlen);

    /* pipe response tail string */
    if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ON) {
        sprintf(c->pipe_resbuf + c->pipe_reslen, "END\r\n");
        c->pipe_reslen += 5;
        pipe_state_clear(c); /* the end of pipelining */
    } else {
        char *str;
        int   len;
        if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ERR_CFULL) {
            str = "PIPE_ERROR command overflow\r\n";
            len = 29;
        } else if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ERR_MFULL) {
            str = "PIPE_ERROR memory overflow\r\n";
            len = 28;
        } else { /* PIPE_STATE_ERR_BAD */
            str = "PIPE_ERROR bad error\r\n";
            len = 22;
        }
        sprintf(c->pipe_resbuf + c->pipe_reslen, "%s", str);
        c->pipe_reslen += len;
        c->pipe_errlen += len;

        if (end_of_pipelining) {
            pipe_state_clear(c);
        }
        /* The pipe_state will be cleared
         * after swallowing the remaining command.
         */
    }

    c->wbytes = c->pipe_reslen - headidx;
    c->wcurr = &c->pipe_resbuf[headidx];

    conn_set_state(c, conn_write);
    c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
}

static void out_string(conn *c, const char *str)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    bool original_noreply = c->noreply;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        if (c->noreply)
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, ">%d NOREPLY %s\n", c->sfd, str);
        else
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, ">%d %s\n", c->sfd, str);
    }

    if (c->pipe_state != PIPE_STATE_OFF) {
        if (pipe_response_save(c, str, len) < 0) { /* PIPE_STATE_ERR.. */
            c->noreply = false; /* stop pipelining */
        }
    }

    if (c->noreply) {
        c->noreply = false;
       /* Clear the ewouldblock so that the next read command from
        * the same connection does not falsely block and time out.
        *
        * It's better not to set the ewouldblock if noreply exists
        * when write operations are performed.
        */
        if (c->ewouldblock) {
            c->ewouldblock = false;
#ifdef MULTI_NOTIFY_IO_COMPLETE
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                    "[FATAL] Unexpected ewouldblock in noreply processing.\n");
#endif
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        return;
    }

    /* Nuke a partial output... */
    c->msgcurr = 0;
    c->msgused = 0;
    c->iovused = 0;
    add_msghdr(c);

    if (c->pipe_state != PIPE_STATE_OFF) {
        pipe_response_done(c, !original_noreply);
        return;
    }

    if ((len + 2) > c->wsize) {
        /* ought to be always enough. just fail for simplicity */
        str = "SERVER_ERROR output line too long";
        len = strlen(str);
    }

    memcpy(c->wbuf, str, len);
    memcpy(c->wbuf + len, "\r\n", 2);
    c->wbytes = len + 2;
    c->wcurr = c->wbuf;

    conn_set_state(c, conn_write);
    c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
}

static inline char *get_item_type_str(uint8_t type)
{
    if (type == ITEM_TYPE_KV)          return "kv";
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_LIST)   return "list";
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_SET)    return "set";
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_MAP)    return "map";
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE)  return "b+tree";
    else                               return "unknown";
}

static inline char get_item_type_char(uint8_t type)
{
    if (type == ITEM_TYPE_KV)          return 'K';
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_LIST)   return 'L';
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_SET)    return 'S';
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_MAP)    return 'M';
    else if (type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE)  return 'B';
    else                               return 'A';
}

static inline char *get_ovflaction_str(uint8_t ovflact)
{
    if (ovflact == OVFL_HEAD_TRIM)          return "head_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_TAIL_TRIM)     return "tail_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_SMALLEST_TRIM) return "smallest_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_LARGEST_TRIM)  return "largest_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_SMALLEST_SILENT_TRIM) return "smallest_silent_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_LARGEST_SILENT_TRIM)  return "largest_silent_trim";
    else if (ovflact == OVFL_ERROR)         return "error";
    else                                    return "unknown";
}

static void
handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(conn *c, const char *func_name, ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret)
{
    if (ret == ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    } else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOTSUP) {
        out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
    } else {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c, "[%s] Unexpected Error: %d\n",
                       func_name, (int)ret);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR internal");
    }
}

/*
 * we get here after reading the value in set/add/replace commands. The command
 * has been stored in c->cmd, and the item is ready in c->item.
 */
static void process_lop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_LOP_INSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);

    if (einfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->einfo) != 0) { /* check "\r\n" */
        ret = ENGINE_EINVAL;
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        bool created;
        ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                             c->coll_index, c->coll_eitem,
                                             c->coll_attrp, &created, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_lop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
        if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            lqdetect_lop_insert(c->client_ip, c->coll_key, c->coll_index);
        }
#endif

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_HITS(c, lop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (created) out_string(c, "CREATED_STORED");
            else         out_string(c, "STORED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, lop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_insert);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)          out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)    out_string(c, "OVERFLOWED");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EINDEXOOR)    out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_sop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_INSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);

    if (einfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->einfo) != 0) { /* check "\r\n" */
        ret = ENGINE_EINVAL;
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        bool created;
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                            c->coll_eitem, c->coll_attrp, &created, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_sop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_HITS(c, sop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (created) out_string(c, "CREATED_STORED");
            else         out_string(c, "STORED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, sop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_insert);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)          out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)    out_string(c, "OVERFLOWED");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_EEXISTS) out_string(c, "ELEMENT_EXISTS");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_sop_delete_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_DELETE);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;

    if (strncmp(&value->ptr[value->len-2], "\r\n", 2) != 0) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        bool dropped;
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                            value->ptr, value->len, c->coll_drop,
                                            &dropped, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
            stats_prefix_record_sop_delete(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (dropped) out_string(c, "DELETED_DROPPED");
            else         out_string(c, "DELETED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
            STATS_NONE_HITS(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_delete);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    free(c->coll_eitem);
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_sop_exist_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_EXIST);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;

    if (strncmp(&value->ptr[value->len-2], "\r\n", 2) != 0) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        bool exist;
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_exist(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                           value->ptr, value->len, &exist, 0);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_sop_exist(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_HITS(c, sop_exist, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (exist) out_string(c, "EXIST");
            else       out_string(c, "NOT_EXIST");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
            STATS_MISSES(c, sop_exist, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_exist);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    free(c->coll_eitem);
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static int make_mop_elem_response(char *bufptr, eitem_info *einfo)
{
    char *tmpptr = bufptr;

    /* field */
    assert(einfo->nscore > 0);
    memcpy(tmpptr, einfo->score, einfo->nscore);
    tmpptr += (int)einfo->nscore;

    /* nbytes */
    sprintf(tmpptr, " %u ", einfo->nbytes-2);
    tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);

    return (int)(tmpptr - bufptr);
}

static void process_mop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_INSERT ||
           c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_MAP, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);

    /* copy the field string into the element item. */
    memcpy((void*)c->einfo.score, c->coll_field.value, c->coll_field.length);

    if (einfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->einfo) != 0) { /* check "\r\n" */
        ret = ENGINE_EINVAL;
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        bool created;
        bool replaced;
        bool replace_if_exist = (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT ? true : false);
        ret = mc_engine.v1->map_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                            c->coll_eitem, replace_if_exist, c->coll_attrp,
                                            &replaced, &created, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_mop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_HITS(c, mop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (replaced) {
                out_string(c, "REPLACED");
            } else {
                if (created) out_string(c, "CREATED_STORED");
                else         out_string(c, "STORED");
            }
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, mop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_insert);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)          out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)    out_string(c, "OVERFLOWED");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_EEXISTS) out_string(c, "ELEMENT_EXISTS");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->map_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_mop_update_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
    value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;

    if (strncmp(&value->ptr[value->len-2], "\r\n", 2) != 0) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        ret = mc_engine.v1->map_elem_update(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                            &c->coll_field, value->ptr, value->len, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_mop_update(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, mop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "UPDATED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
            STATS_NONE_HITS(c, mop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, mop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_update);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)    out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    free((void*)c->coll_eitem);
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_mop_delete_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_DELETE);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    field_t *fld_tokens = NULL;
    uint32_t del_count = 0;
    bool dropped;

    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        fld_tokens = (field_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
        if (fld_tokens != NULL) {
            bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
            ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                                   MAX_FIELD_LENG, must_backward_compatible, (token_t*)fld_tokens);
            /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        } else {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->map_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                            c->coll_numkeys, fld_tokens, c->coll_drop,
                                            &del_count, &dropped, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
            stats_prefix_record_mop_delete(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
        }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
        if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            lqdetect_mop_delete(c->client_ip, c->coll_key, del_count,
                                c->coll_numkeys, c->coll_drop);
        }
#endif
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, mop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        if (dropped) out_string(c, "DELETED_DROPPED");
        else         out_string(c, "DELETED");
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, mop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, mop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)       out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)    out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free key strings and tokens buffer */
    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        /* free token buffer */
        if (fld_tokens != NULL) {
            token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, fld_tokens);
        }
        /* free key string memory blocks */
        assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
        mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
        c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_mop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    int      resplen;
    char    *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char    *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                  + (elem_count * ((MAX_FIELD_LENG+2) + (UINT32_STR_LENG+2))); /* response body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u %u\r\n", htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_MAP,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            resplen = make_mop_elem_response(respptr, &c->einfo);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (delete) {
            sprintf(respptr, "%s\r\n", (eresultp->dropped ? "DELETED_DROPPED" : "DELETED"));
        } else {
            sprintf(respptr, "END\r\n");
        }
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_MOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->map_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_mop_get_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_GET);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    struct elems_result eresult;
    field_t *fld_tokens = NULL;
    bool delete = c->coll_delete;
    bool drop_if_empty = c->coll_drop;

    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        fld_tokens = (field_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
        if (fld_tokens != NULL) {
            bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
            ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                                   MAX_FIELD_LENG, must_backward_compatible, (token_t*)fld_tokens);
            /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        } else {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->map_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                         c->coll_numkeys, fld_tokens, delete, drop_if_empty,
                                         &eresult, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
            stats_prefix_record_mop_get(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
        }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
        if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            lqdetect_mop_get(c->client_ip, c->coll_key, eresult.elem_count,
                             c->coll_numkeys, delete, drop_if_empty);
        }
#endif
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_mop_get_response(c, delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, mop_get, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_get);
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, mop_get, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, mop_get, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)       out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)    out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free key strings and tokens buffer */
    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        /* free token buffer */
        if (fld_tokens != NULL) {
            token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, fld_tokens);
        }
        /* free key string memory blocks */
        assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
        mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
        c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
    }
}

static int make_bop_elem_response(char *bufptr, eitem_info *einfo)
{
    char *tmpptr = bufptr;

    /* bkey */
    if (einfo->nscore > 0) {
        memcpy(tmpptr, "0x", 2); tmpptr += 2;
        safe_hexatostr(einfo->score, einfo->nscore, tmpptr);
        tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);
    } else {
        sprintf(tmpptr, "%"PRIu64"", *(uint64_t*)einfo->score);
        tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);
    }
    /* eflag */
    if (einfo->neflag > 0) {
        memcpy(tmpptr, " 0x", 3); tmpptr += 3;
        safe_hexatostr(einfo->eflag, einfo->neflag, tmpptr);
        tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);
    }
    /* nbytes */
    sprintf(tmpptr, " %u ", einfo->nbytes-2);
    tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);

    return (int)(tmpptr - bufptr);
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_trim_response(conn *c, void *elem, uint32_t flags)
{
    eitem **elem_array;
    int   bufsize;
    int   resplen;
    char *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = sizeof(void*) /* an element pointer */
                + ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                + ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2) + (MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2) + UINT32_STR_LENG+3); /* response body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* save the trimmed element */
        elem_array = (eitem **)respptr;
        elem_array[0] = elem;
        respptr = (char*)&elem_array[1];

        /* make response */
        mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, elem, &c->einfo);
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u 1\r\n", htonl(flags));
        resplen = strlen(respptr);
        resplen += make_bop_elem_response(respptr + resplen, &c->einfo);

        if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
            (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0) ||
            (add_iov(c, "TRIMMED\r\n", 9) != 0))
        {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, &elem, 1);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing trim response");
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_INSERT ||
           c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);

    if (einfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->einfo) != 0) { /* check "\r\n" */
        /* release the btree element */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
    } else {
        eitem_result trim_result; // contain the info of an element trimmed by maxcount overflow
        bool created;
        bool replaced;
        bool replace_if_exist = (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT ? true : false);
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                              c->coll_eitem, replace_if_exist,
                                              c->coll_attrp, &replaced, &created,
                                              (c->coll_getrim ? &trim_result : NULL), 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_bop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
        }

        /* release the btree element in advance since coll_eitem field is to be used, soon. */
        if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
        }
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            STATS_HITS(c, bop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            if (c->coll_getrim && trim_result.elems != NULL) { /* getrim flag */
                assert(trim_result.count == 1);
                (void)out_bop_trim_response(c, trim_result.elems, trim_result.flags);
            } else {
                /* no getrim flag or no trimmed element */
                if (replaced) {
                    out_string(c, "REPLACED");
                } else {
                    if (created) out_string(c, "CREATED_STORED");
                    else         out_string(c, "STORED");
                }
            }
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            STATS_MISSES(c, bop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        default:
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_insert);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)          out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)     out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)    out_string(c, "OVERFLOWED");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)     out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_EEXISTS) out_string(c, "ELEMENT_EXISTS");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }
}

static void process_bop_update_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *new_value = NULL;
    int  new_nbytes = 0;

    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;
        if (strncmp(&value->ptr[value->len-2], "\r\n", 2) != 0) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
            free((void*)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
            return;
        }
        new_value  = value->ptr;
        new_nbytes = value->len;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_update(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                          &c->coll_bkrange,
                                          (c->coll_eupdate.neflag == EFLAG_NULL ? NULL : &c->coll_eupdate),
                                          new_value, new_nbytes, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_update(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "UPDATED");
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_update);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)       out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)  out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADEFLAG) out_string(c, "EFLAG_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)    out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        free((void*)c->coll_eitem);
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;
    }
}

#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
process_bop_mget_single(conn *c, const char *key, size_t nkey,
                        struct elems_result *eresultp,
                        char *resultbuf, int *resultlen)
{
    char *respptr = resultbuf;
    int   resplen;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                       &c->coll_bkrange,
                                       (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                                       c->coll_roffset, c->coll_rcount, false, false,
                                       eresultp, 0);
    /* The read-only operation do not return ENGINE_EWOULDBLOCK */
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        do {
            /* format : VALUE <key> <status> <flags> <ecount>\r\n */
            sprintf(respptr, " %s %u %u\r\n",
                             (eresultp->trimmed ? "TRIMMED" : "OK"),
                             htonl(eresultp->flags), eresultp->elem_count);
            resplen = strlen(respptr);

            if ((add_iov(c, "VALUE ", 6) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, key, nkey) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0)) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;

            for (int e = 0; e < eresultp->elem_count; e++) {
                mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                            eresultp->elem_array[e], &c->einfo);
                sprintf(respptr, "ELEMENT ");
                resplen = strlen(respptr);
                resplen += make_bop_elem_response(respptr + resplen, &c->einfo);

                if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                    (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                respptr += resplen;
            }
        } while(0);

        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        } else { /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c,
                                             eresultp->elem_array,
                                             eresultp->elem_count);
            free(eresultp->elem_array);
            eresultp->elem_array = NULL;
            eresultp->elem_count = 0;
        }
    } else {
        if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT) {
            STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
            sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
            ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
        }
        else if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT || ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR || ret == ENGINE_UNREADABLE) {
            STATS_MISSES(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
            if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)    sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "NOT_FOUND");
            else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR) sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "OUT_OF_RANGE");
            else                             sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "UNREADABLE");
            ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
        }
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE || ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
            if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            else                        sprintf(respptr, " %s\r\n", "BKEY_MISMATCH");
            ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
        }
        else {
            /* ENGINE_ENOMEM or ENGINE_DISCONNECT or SERVER error */
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            resplen = strlen(respptr);
            if ((add_iov(c, "VALUE ", 6) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, key, nkey) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0)) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        *resultlen = (respptr - resultbuf);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_mget_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_MGET);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    struct elems_result *eresult = (struct elems_result *)c->coll_eitem;
    char *resultptr = (char*)eresult + (c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(struct elems_result));
    int k,resultlen;
    token_t *key_tokens;

    key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
        ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                               KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
        /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
    } else {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey == BKEY_NULL) {
            memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.to_bkey, c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey,
                   (c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey));
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey = c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey;
        }
        for (k = 0; k < c->coll_numkeys; k++) {
            ret = process_bop_mget_single(c, key_tokens[k].value, key_tokens[k].length,
                                          &eresult[k], resultptr, &resultlen);
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
                break; /* ENGINE_ENOMEM or ENGINE_DISCONNECT or SEVERE error */
            }
            resultptr += resultlen;
        }
        if (k == c->coll_numkeys) {
            sprintf(resultptr, "END\r\n");
            if (add_iov(c, resultptr, strlen(resultptr)) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            }
        }
        if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) { /* release elements */
            int bop_get_count = k;
            for (k = 0; k < bop_get_count; k++) {
                /* Individual bop get might not get elements.
                 * So, we check the element array is not empty.
                 */
                if (eresult[k].elem_array != NULL) {
                    mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c,
                                                     eresult[k].elem_array,
                                                     eresult[k].elem_count);
                    free(eresult[k].elem_array);
                    eresult[k].elem_array = NULL;
                    eresult[k].elem_count = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS_NOKEY(c, bop_mget);
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        /* c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array; */
        c->coll_ecount = 0;
        for (k = 0; k < c->coll_numkeys; k++) {
            if (eresult[k].elem_array != NULL) {
                c->coll_ecount += eresult[k].elem_count;
            }
        }
        c->coll_op = OPERATION_BOP_MGET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr = 0;
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_mget);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)   out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_smget_old_response(conn *c, token_t *key_tokens,
                           eitem **elem_array, uint32_t *kfnd_array,
                           uint32_t *flag_array, uint32_t *kmis_array,
                           uint32_t elem_count, uint32_t kmis_count,
                           bool trimmed, bool duplicated)
{
    char *respptr = (char*)kmis_array + (c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(uint32_t));
    int   resplen;
    int   i, kidx;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u\r\n", elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        for (i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            sprintf(respptr, " %u ", htonl(flag_array[i])); /* flags */
            resplen = strlen(respptr);
            resplen += make_bop_elem_response(respptr + resplen, &c->einfo);
            kidx = kfnd_array[i];
            if ((add_iov(c, key_tokens[kidx].value, key_tokens[kidx].length) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        sprintf(respptr, "MISSED_KEYS %u\r\n", kmis_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        if (kmis_count > 0) {
            for (i = 0; i < kmis_count; i++) {
                /* the last key string does not have delimiter character */
                kidx = kmis_array[i];
                if ((add_iov(c, key_tokens[kidx].value, key_tokens[kidx].length) != 0) ||
                    (add_iov(c, "\r\n", 2) != 0)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
            if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;
        }

        if (trimmed == true) {
            sprintf(respptr, (duplicated ? "DUPLICATED_TRIMMED\r\n" : "TRIMMED\r\n"));
        } else {
            sprintf(respptr, (duplicated ? "DUPLICATED\r\n" : "END\r\n"));
        }
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        /* c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array; */
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_SMGET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else {
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_smget_complete_old(conn *c)
{
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    int smget_count = c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount;
    token_t *key_tokens;

    eitem   **elem_array = (eitem  **)c->coll_eitem;
    uint32_t *kfnd_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)elem_array + (smget_count*sizeof(eitem*)));
    uint32_t *flag_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)kfnd_array + (smget_count*sizeof(uint32_t)));
    uint32_t *kmis_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)flag_array + (smget_count*sizeof(uint32_t)));
    uint32_t  elem_count = 0;
    uint32_t  kmis_count = 0;
    bool trimmed;
    bool duplicated;

    key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
        ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                               KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
        /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
    } else {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey == BKEY_NULL) {
            memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.to_bkey, c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey,
                   (c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey));
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey = c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey;
        }
        assert(c->coll_numkeys > 0);
        assert(c->coll_rcount > 0);
        assert((c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount) <= MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT);
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_smget_old(mc_engine.v0, c, key_tokens, c->coll_numkeys,
                                             &c->coll_bkrange,
                                             (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                                             c->coll_roffset, c->coll_rcount,
                                             elem_array, kfnd_array, flag_array, &elem_count,
                                             kmis_array, &kmis_count, &trimmed, &duplicated, 0);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (out_bop_smget_old_response(c, key_tokens, elem_array,
                                       kfnd_array, flag_array, kmis_array,
                                       elem_count, kmis_count,
                                       trimmed, duplicated) == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_OKS_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        }
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)     out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR) out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)   out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

static char *get_smget_miss_response(int res)
{
    if (res == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)      return " NOT_FOUND\r\n";
    else if (res == ENGINE_UNREADABLE) return " UNREADABLE\r\n";
    else if (res == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)   return " OUT_OF_RANGE\r\n";
    else                               return " UNKNOWN\r\n";
}

static int make_smget_trim_response(char *bufptr, eitem_info *einfo)
{
    char *tmpptr = bufptr;

    /* bkey */
    if (einfo->nscore > 0) {
        memcpy(tmpptr, " 0x", 3); tmpptr += 3;
        safe_hexatostr(einfo->score, einfo->nscore, tmpptr);
        tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);
    } else {
        sprintf(tmpptr, " %"PRIu64"", *(uint64_t*)einfo->score);
        tmpptr += strlen(tmpptr);
    }
    sprintf(tmpptr, "\r\n");
    tmpptr += 2;
    return (int)(tmpptr - bufptr);
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_smget_response(conn *c, token_t *key_tokens, smget_result_t *smresp)
{
    char *respptr = (char *)&smresp->miss_kinfo[c->coll_numkeys];
    int   resplen;
    int   i, kidx;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* Change smget response head string: VALUE => ELEMENTS.
         * It makes incompatible with the clients of lower version.
         */
        sprintf(respptr, "ELEMENTS %u\r\n", smresp->elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        for (i = 0; i < smresp->elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        smresp->elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            sprintf(respptr, " %u ", htonl(smresp->elem_kinfo[i].flag));
            resplen = strlen(respptr);
            resplen += make_bop_elem_response(respptr + resplen, &c->einfo);
            kidx = smresp->elem_kinfo[i].kidx;
            if ((add_iov(c, key_tokens[kidx].value, key_tokens[kidx].length) != 0) ||
                (add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        sprintf(respptr, "MISSED_KEYS %u\r\n", smresp->miss_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        if (smresp->miss_count > 0) {
            char *str = NULL;
            for (i = 0; i < smresp->miss_count; i++) {
                /* the last key string does not have delimiter character */
                kidx = smresp->miss_kinfo[i].kidx;
                str = get_smget_miss_response(smresp->miss_kinfo[i].code);
                if ((add_iov(c, key_tokens[kidx].value, key_tokens[kidx].length) != 0) ||
                    (add_iov(c, str, strlen(str)) != 0)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
            if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;
        }

        sprintf(respptr, "TRIMMED_KEYS %u\r\n", smresp->trim_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        if (smresp->trim_count > 0) {
            for (i = 0; i < smresp->trim_count; i++) {
                mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                            smresp->trim_elems[i], &c->einfo);
                resplen = make_smget_trim_response(respptr, &c->einfo);
                kidx = smresp->trim_kinfo[i].kidx;
                if ((add_iov(c, key_tokens[kidx].value, key_tokens[kidx].length) != 0) ||
                    (add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                respptr += resplen;
            }
            if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;
        }

        sprintf(respptr, (smresp->duplicated ? "DUPLICATED\r\n" : "END\r\n"));
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        /* c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array; */
        c->coll_ecount = smresp->elem_count+smresp->trim_count;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_SMGET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else {
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, smresp->elem_array,
                                         smresp->elem_count+smresp->trim_count);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_smget_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
    if (c->coll_smgmode == 0) {
        process_bop_smget_complete_old(c);
        return;
    }
#endif
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    token_t *key_tokens;
    smget_result_t smres;

    smres.elem_array = (eitem **)c->coll_eitem;
    smres.elem_kinfo = (smget_ehit_t *)&smres.elem_array[c->coll_rcount+c->coll_numkeys];
    smres.miss_kinfo = (smget_emis_t *)&smres.elem_kinfo[c->coll_rcount];

    key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
        ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                               KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
        /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
    } else {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey == BKEY_NULL) {
            memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.to_bkey, c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey,
                   (c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey));
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey = c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey;
        }
        assert(c->coll_numkeys > 0);
        assert(c->coll_rcount > 0);
        assert((c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount) <= MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT);
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_smget(mc_engine.v0, c, key_tokens, c->coll_numkeys,
                                             &c->coll_bkrange,
                                             (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                                             c->coll_roffset, c->coll_rcount,
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
                                             (c->coll_smgmode == 2 ? true : false),
#else
                                             c->coll_unique,
#endif
                                             &smres, 0);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (out_bop_smget_response(c, key_tokens, &smres) == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_OKS_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        }
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)     out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)   out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
#if 0 // JHPARK_SMGET_OFFSET_HANDLING
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR) out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
#endif
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

/**
 * Get a suffix buffer and insert it into the list of used suffix buffers
 * @param c the connection object
 * @return a pointer to a new suffix buffer or NULL if allocation failed
 */
static char *get_suffix_buffer(conn *c)
{
    if (c->suffixleft == c->suffixsize) {
        char **new_suffix_list;
        size_t sz = sizeof(char*) * c->suffixsize * 2;

        new_suffix_list = realloc(c->suffixlist, sz);
        if (new_suffix_list) {
            c->suffixsize *= 2;
            c->suffixlist = new_suffix_list;
        } else {
            if (settings.verbose > 1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                        "=%d Failed to resize suffix buffer\n", c->sfd);
            }
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    char *suffix = cache_alloc(c->thread->suffix_cache);
    if (suffix != NULL) {
        *(c->suffixlist + c->suffixleft) = suffix;
        ++c->suffixleft;
    }
    return suffix;
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
process_get_single(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, bool return_cas)
{
    item *it;
    char *cas_val = NULL;
    int   cas_len = 0;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->get(mc_engine.v0, c, &it, key, nkey, 0);
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        it = NULL;
    }
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_get(key, nkey, (it != NULL));
    }

    if (it) {
        if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            return ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
        assert(hinfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->hinfo) == 0); /* check "\r\n" */

        /* Rebuild the suffix */
        char *suffix = get_suffix_buffer(c);
        if (suffix == NULL) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            return ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
        int suffix_len = snprintf(suffix, SUFFIX_SIZE, " %u %u\r\n",
                                  htonl(c->hinfo.flags), c->hinfo.nbytes - 2);
        /* suffix_len < SUFFIX_SIZE because the length of nbytes string is smaller than 10. */

        /* rebuild cas value */
        if (return_cas) {
            suffix_len -= 2; /* remove "\r\n" from suffix string */
            cas_val = get_suffix_buffer(c);
            if (cas_val == NULL) {
                mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
                return ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            }
            cas_len = snprintf(cas_val, SUFFIX_SIZE, " %"PRIu64"\r\n", c->hinfo.cas);
        }

        /* Construct the response. Each hit adds three elements to the
         * outgoing data list:
         *   VALUE <key> <falgs> <bytes>[ <cas>]\r\n" + "<data>\r\n"
         */
        if (add_iov(c, "VALUE ", 6) != 0 ||
            add_iov(c, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey) != 0 ||
            add_iov(c, suffix, suffix_len) != 0 ||
            (return_cas && add_iov(c, cas_val, cas_len) != 0) ||
            add_iov_hinfo_ascii(c, &c->hinfo) != 0)
        {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            return ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }

        /* save the item */
        if (c->ileft >= c->isize) {
            item **new_list = realloc(c->ilist, sizeof(item *) * c->isize * 2);
            if (new_list) {
                c->isize *= 2;
                c->ilist = new_list;
            } else {
                mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
                return ENGINE_ENOMEM;/* out of memory */
            }
        }
        *(c->ilist + c->ileft) = it;
        c->ileft++;

        if (settings.verbose > 1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, ">%d sending key %s\n",
                           c->sfd, key);
        }
        /* item_get() has incremented it->refcount for us */
        STATS_HITS(c, get, key, nkey);
        MEMCACHED_COMMAND_GET(c->sfd, key, nkey, c->hinfo.nbytes, c->hinfo.cas);
    } else {
        STATS_MISSES(c, get, key, nkey);
        MEMCACHED_COMMAND_GET(c->sfd, key, nkey, -1, 0);
    }
    /* Even if the key is not found, return ENGINE_SUCCESS.  */
    return ENGINE_SUCCESS;
}

static void process_mget_complete(conn *c, bool return_cas)
{
    assert(return_cas ? (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MGETS) : (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MGET));
    assert(c->coll_strkeys != NULL);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    token_t *key_tokens;

    do {
        key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
        if (key_tokens != NULL) {
            bool must_backward_compatible = false;
            ret = tokenize_sblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys, c->coll_numkeys,
                                   KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
                break; /* ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
            }
        } else {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }

        /* do get operation for each key */
        for (int k = 0; k < c->coll_numkeys; k++) {
            ret = process_get_single(c, key_tokens[k].value, key_tokens[k].length,
                                     return_cas);
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
                break; /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM*/
            }
        }

        /* Some items and suffixes might have saved in the above execution.
         * To release the items and free the suffixes, the below code is needed.
         */
        c->icurr = c->ilist;
        c->suffixcurr = c->suffixlist;

        if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            /* Releasing items on ilist and freeing suffixes will be
             * performed later by calling out_string() function.
             * See conn_write() and conn_mwrite() state.
             */
            break;
        }

        if (settings.verbose > 1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, ">%d END\n", c->sfd);
        }

        /* If the loop was terminated because of out-of-memory, it is not
         * reliable to add END\r\n to the buffer, because it might not end
         * in \r\n. So we send SERVER_ERROR instead.
         */
        if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
            /* Releasing items on ilist and freeing suffixes will be
             * performed later by calling out_string() function.
             * See conn_write() and conn_mwrite() state.
             */
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr = 0;
    } else {
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)   out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* free key string memory blocks */
        assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
        mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
        c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
    }
}

static void update_stat_cas(conn *c, ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret)
{
    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, cas, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS:
        STATS_BADVAL(c, cas, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_EBADTYPE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, cas, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, cas);
    }
}

static void complete_update_ascii(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);

    /* The condition of 'c->coll_strkeys != NULL' is given for map collection.
     * See process_mop_delete_complete() and process_mop_get_complete().
     */
    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL || c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_LOP_INSERT)  process_lop_insert_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_INSERT) process_sop_insert_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_DELETE) process_sop_delete_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_SOP_EXIST) process_sop_exist_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_INSERT ||
                 c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT) process_mop_insert_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE) process_mop_update_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_DELETE) process_mop_delete_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MOP_GET) process_mop_get_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_INSERT ||
                 c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT) process_bop_insert_complete(c);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE) process_bop_update_complete(c);
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_MGET) process_bop_mget_complete(c);
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET) process_bop_smget_complete(c);
#endif
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MGET) process_mget_complete(c, false);
        else if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_MGETS) process_mget_complete(c, true);
        return;
    }

    item *it = c->item;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                       "%d: Failed to get item info\n", c->sfd);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory for getting item info");
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    } else if (hinfo_check_tail_crlf(&c->hinfo) != 0) { /* check "\r\n" */
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad data chunk");
        ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->store(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->cas, c->store_op, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
#ifdef ENABLE_DTRACE
        switch (c->store_op) {
        case OPERATION_ADD:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_ADD(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                  (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_REPLACE:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_REPLACE(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                      (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_APPEND:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_APPEND(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                     (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_PREPEND:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_PREPEND(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                      (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_SET:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_SET(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                  (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_CAS:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_CAS(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey, c->hinfo.nbytes, c->cas);
            break;
        }
#endif

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            out_string(c, "STORED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS:
            out_string(c, "EXISTS");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            break;
        case ENGINE_NOT_STORED:
            out_string(c, "NOT_STORED");
            break;
        case ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
            break;
        case ENGINE_EINVAL:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid arguments");
            break;
        case ENGINE_E2BIG:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR value too big");
            break;
        case ENGINE_EACCESS:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR access control violation");
            break;
        case ENGINE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR not my vbucket");
            break;
        case ENGINE_EBADTYPE:
            out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
            break;
        case ENGINE_FAILED:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR failure");
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    if (c->store_op == OPERATION_CAS) {
        update_stat_cas(c, ret);
    } else {
        STATS_CMD(c, set, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey);
    }

    mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->item);
    c->item = 0;
}

/**
 * get a pointer to the start of the request struct for the current command
 */
static void* binary_get_request(conn *c)
{
    char *ret = c->rcurr;
    ret -= (sizeof(c->binary_header) + c->binary_header.request.keylen +
            c->binary_header.request.extlen);

    assert(ret >= c->rbuf);
    return ret;
}

/**
 * get a pointer to the key in this request
 */
static char* binary_get_key(conn *c)
{
    return c->rcurr - (c->binary_header.request.keylen);
}

/**
 * Insert a key into a buffer, but replace all non-printable characters
 * with a '.'.
 *
 * @param dest where to store the output
 * @param destsz size of destination buffer
 * @param prefix string to insert before the data
 * @param client the client we are serving
 * @param from_client set to true if this data is from the client
 * @param key the key to add to the buffer
 * @param nkey the number of bytes in the key
 * @return number of bytes in dest if success, -1 otherwise
 */
static ssize_t key_to_printable_buffer(char *dest, size_t destsz,
                                       int client, bool from_client,
                                       const char *prefix,
                                       const char *key, size_t nkey)
{
    ssize_t nw = snprintf(dest, destsz, "%c%d %s ", from_client ? '>' : '<',
                          client, prefix);
    if (nw == -1) {
        return -1;
    }

    char *ptr = dest + nw;
    destsz -= nw;
    if (nkey > destsz) {
        nkey = destsz;
    }

    for (ssize_t ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii, ++key, ++ptr) {
        if (isgraph(*key)) {
            *ptr = *key;
        } else {
            *ptr = '.';
        }
    }

    *ptr = '\0';
    return ptr - dest;
}

/**
 * Convert a byte array to a text string
 *
 * @param dest where to store the output
 * @param destsz size of destination buffer
 * @param prefix string to insert before the data
 * @param client the client we are serving
 * @param from_client set to true if this data is from the client
 * @param data the data to add to the buffer
 * @param size the number of bytes in data to print
 * @return number of bytes in dest if success, -1 otherwise
 */
static ssize_t bytes_to_output_string(char *dest, size_t destsz,
                                      int client, bool from_client,
                                      const char *prefix,
                                      const char *data, size_t size)
{
    ssize_t nw = snprintf(dest, destsz, "%c%d %s", from_client ? '>' : '<',
                          client, prefix);
    if (nw == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    ssize_t offset = nw;

    for (ssize_t ii = 0; ii < size; ++ii) {
        if (ii % 4 == 0) {
            if ((nw = snprintf(dest + offset, destsz - offset, "\n%c%d  ",
                               from_client ? '>' : '<', client)) == -1) {
                return  -1;
            }
            offset += nw;
        }
        if ((nw = snprintf(dest + offset, destsz - offset,
                           " 0x%02x", (unsigned char)data[ii])) == -1) {
            return -1;
        }
        offset += nw;
    }

    if ((nw = snprintf(dest + offset, destsz - offset, "\n")) == -1) {
        return -1;
    }

    return offset + nw;
}

static void add_bin_header(conn *c, uint16_t err, uint8_t hdr_len, uint16_t key_len, uint32_t body_len)
{
    protocol_binary_response_header* header;
    assert(c);

    c->msgcurr = 0;
    c->msgused = 0;
    c->iovused = 0;
    int ret = add_msghdr(c);
    assert(ret == 0);

    header = (protocol_binary_response_header *)c->wbuf;

    header->response.magic = (uint8_t)PROTOCOL_BINARY_RES;
    header->response.opcode = c->binary_header.request.opcode;
    header->response.keylen = (uint16_t)htons(key_len);

    header->response.extlen = (uint8_t)hdr_len;
    header->response.datatype = (uint8_t)PROTOCOL_BINARY_RAW_BYTES;
    header->response.status = (uint16_t)htons(err);

    header->response.bodylen = htonl(body_len);
    header->response.opaque = c->opaque;
    header->response.cas = htonll(c->cas);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        if (bytes_to_output_string(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, false,
                                   "Writing bin response:",
                                   (const char*)header->bytes,
                                   sizeof(header->bytes)) != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s", buffer);
        }
    }

    add_iov(c, c->wbuf, sizeof(header->response));
}

static void write_bin_packet(conn *c, protocol_binary_response_status err, int swallow)
{
    ssize_t len;
    char *buffer = c->wbuf + sizeof(protocol_binary_response_header);
    const int MAX_BUF_SIZE = c->wsize - sizeof(protocol_binary_response_header);

    switch (err) {
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_SUCCESS:
        len = 0;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Out of memory");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN_COMMAND:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Unknown command");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Not found");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Invalid arguments");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Data exists for key");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Too large");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_DELTA_BADVAL:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE,
                       "Non-numeric server-side value for incr or decr");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_STORED:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Not stored");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Not supported operation, bad type");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EOVERFLOW:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Data structure full");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADVALUE:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Bad value");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINDEXOOR:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Index out of range");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBKEYOOR:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Bkey out of range");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Not found element");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_EEXISTS:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Element already exists");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADATTR:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Attribute not found");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Bkey mismatch");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADEFLAG:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Eflag mismatch");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Unreadable item");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Invalid prefix name");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENOENT:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Prefix not found");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_AUTH_ERROR:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Auth failure");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_SUPPORTED:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "Not supported");
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE,
                       "I'm not responsible for this vbucket");
        break;
    default:
        len = snprintf(buffer, MAX_BUF_SIZE, "UNHANDLED ERROR (%d)", err);
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                       ">%d UNHANDLED ERROR: %d\n", c->sfd, err);
    }

    /* Allow the engine to pass extra error information */
    if (mc_engine.v1->errinfo != NULL) {
        size_t elen = mc_engine.v1->errinfo(mc_engine.v0, c, buffer + len + 2,
                                            MAX_BUF_SIZE - len - 3);
        if (elen > 0) {
            memcpy(buffer + len, ": ", 2);
            len += elen + 2;
        }
    }

    if (err != PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_SUCCESS && settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                       ">%d Writing an error: %s\n", c->sfd, buffer);
    }

    add_bin_header(c, err, 0, 0, len);
    if (len > 0) {
        add_iov(c, buffer, len);
    }
    conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
    if (swallow > 0) {
        c->sbytes = swallow;
        c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
    } else {
        c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
    }
}

/* Form and send a response to a command over the binary protocol */
static void write_bin_response(conn *c, void *d, int hlen, int keylen, int dlen)
{
    if (!c->noreply || c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GET ||
        c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK) {
        add_bin_header(c, 0, hlen, keylen, dlen);
        if (dlen > 0) {
            add_iov(c, d, dlen);
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
    } else {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
    }
}

static void
handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(conn *c, const char *func_name, ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret, int swallow)
{
    if (ret == ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    } else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOTSUP) {
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_SUPPORTED, 0);
    } else {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c, "[%s] Unexpected Error: %d\n",
                       func_name, (int)ret);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINTERNAL, swallow);
    }
}

static void complete_incr_bin(conn *c)
{
    protocol_binary_response_incr* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_incr*)c->wbuf;
    protocol_binary_request_incr* req = binary_get_request(c);

    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->wsize >= sizeof(*rsp));

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    req->message.body.delta = ntohll(req->message.body.delta);
    req->message.body.initial = ntohll(req->message.body.initial);
    req->message.body.expiration = ntohl(req->message.body.expiration);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    size_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    bool incr = (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_INCREMENT ||
                 c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_INCREMENTQ);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        ssize_t nw;
        nw = key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true,
                                     incr ? "INCR" : "DECR", key, nkey);
        if (nw != -1) {
            if (snprintf(buffer + nw, sizeof(buffer) - nw,
                         " %" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 "\n",
                         (uint64_t)req->message.body.delta,
                         (uint64_t)req->message.body.initial,
                         (uint64_t)req->message.body.expiration) != -1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s", buffer);
            }
        }
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->arithmetic(mc_engine.v0,
                                   c, key, nkey, incr,
                                   req->message.body.expiration != 0xffffffff,
                                   req->message.body.delta,
                                   req->message.body.initial,
                                   0, /* flags */
                                   realtime(req->message.body.expiration),
                                   &c->cas,
                                   &rsp->message.body.value,
                                   c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        if (incr) stats_prefix_record_incr(key, nkey);
        else      stats_prefix_record_decr(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        rsp->message.body.value = htonll(rsp->message.body.value);
        write_bin_response(c, &rsp->message.body, 0, 0,
                           sizeof (rsp->message.body.value));
        if (incr) {
            STATS_HITS(c, incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_HITS(c, decr, key, nkey);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        if (incr) {
            STATS_MISSES(c, incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_MISSES(c, decr, key, nkey);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_EINVAL:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_DELTA_BADVAL, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_NOT_STORED:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_STORED, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_EBADTYPE:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            abort();
        }
    }
}

static void complete_update_bin(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    item *it = c->item;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                       "%d: Failed to get item info\n", c->sfd);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    } else {
        /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
         * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
        hinfo_append_tail_crlf(&c->hinfo); /* append "\r\n" */

        ret = mc_engine.v1->store(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->cas, c->store_op,
                                  c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
#ifdef ENABLE_DTRACE
        switch (c->cmd) {
        case OPERATION_ADD:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_ADD(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                  (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_REPLACE:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_REPLACE(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                      (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_APPEND:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_APPEND(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                     (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_PREPEND:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_PREPEND(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                      (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        case OPERATION_SET:
            MEMCACHED_COMMAND_SET(c->sfd, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey,
                                  (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) ? c->hinfo.nbytes : -1, c->cas);
            break;
        }
#endif

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_NOT_STORED:
            /* FIXME: check below code, later. */
            if (c->store_op == OPERATION_ADD) {
                write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
            } else if (c->store_op == OPERATION_REPLACE) {
                write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
            } else {
                write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_STORED, 0);
            }
            break;
        case ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_EINVAL:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_E2BIG:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET, 0);
            break;
        case ENGINE_EBADTYPE:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
        }
    }

    if (c->store_op == OPERATION_CAS) {
        update_stat_cas(c, ret);
    } else {
        STATS_CMD(c, set, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey);
    }

    mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->item);
    c->item = 0;
}

static void process_bin_get(conn *c)
{
    item *it;
    protocol_binary_response_get* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_get*)c->wbuf;
    char* key = binary_get_key(c);
    size_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        if (key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true,
                                    "GET", key, nkey) != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s\n", buffer);
        }
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get(mc_engine.v0, c, &it, key, nkey,
                            c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_get(key, nkey, ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS);
    }

    uint16_t keylen;
    uint32_t bodylen;

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                           "%d: Failed to get item info\n", c->sfd);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
            break;
        }

        /* the length has two unnecessary bytes ("\r\n") */
        keylen = 0;
        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (c->hinfo.nbytes - 2);

        STATS_HITS(c, get, key, nkey);

        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK) {
            bodylen += nkey;
            keylen = nkey;
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), keylen, bodylen);
        rsp->message.header.response.cas = htonll(c->hinfo.cas);

        // add the flags
        rsp->message.body.flags = c->hinfo.flags;
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK) {
            add_iov(c, c->hinfo.key, nkey);
        }

        /* Add the data minus the CRLF */
        add_iov_hinfo_bin(c, &c->hinfo);
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        c->item = it;
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, get, key, nkey);

        MEMCACHED_COMMAND_GET(c->sfd, key, nkey, -1, 0);

        if (c->noreply) {
            conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        } else {
            if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK) {
                char *ofs = c->wbuf + sizeof(protocol_binary_response_header);
                add_bin_header(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT,
                        0, nkey, nkey);
                memcpy(ofs, key, nkey);
                add_iov(c, ofs, nkey);
                conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
            } else {
                write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
            }
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_EBADTYPE:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* @todo add proper error handling! */
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                           "Unknown error code: %d\n", ret);
            abort();
        }
    }
}

static void append_bin_stats(const char *key, const uint16_t klen,
                             const char *val, const uint32_t vlen,
                             const void *cookie)
{
    /* value without a key is invalid */
    if (klen == 0 && vlen > 0) {
        return;
    }

    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    size_t needed = vlen + klen + sizeof(protocol_binary_response_header);
    if (!grow_dynamic_buffer(c, needed)) {
        return;
    }

    char *buf = c->dynamic_buffer.buffer + c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    uint32_t bodylen = klen + vlen;
    protocol_binary_response_header header = {
        .response.magic = (uint8_t)PROTOCOL_BINARY_RES,
        .response.opcode = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_STAT,
        .response.keylen = (uint16_t)htons(klen),
        .response.datatype = (uint8_t)PROTOCOL_BINARY_RAW_BYTES,
        .response.bodylen = htonl(bodylen),
        .response.opaque = c->opaque
    };

    memcpy(buf, header.bytes, sizeof(header.response));
    buf += sizeof(header.response);

    if (klen > 0) {
        memcpy(buf, key, klen);
        buf += klen;

        if (vlen > 0) {
            memcpy(buf, val, vlen);
        }
    }

    c->dynamic_buffer.offset += sizeof(header.response) + bodylen;
    assert(c->dynamic_buffer.offset <= c->dynamic_buffer.size);
}

/**
 * Append a key-value pair to the stats output buffer. This function assumes
 * that the output buffer is big enough.
 */
static void append_ascii_stats(const char *key, const uint16_t klen,
                               const char *val, const uint32_t vlen,
                               const void *cookie)
{
    /* value without a key is invalid */
    if (klen == 0 && vlen > 0) {
        return;
    }

    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    size_t needed =  vlen + klen + 10; // 10 == "STAT = \r\n"
    if (!grow_dynamic_buffer(c, needed)) {
        return;
    }

    char *pos = c->dynamic_buffer.buffer + c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    uint32_t nbytes = 5; /* "END\r\n" or "STAT " */

    if (klen == 0 && vlen == 0) {
        memcpy(pos, "END\r\n", 5);
    } else {
        memcpy(pos, "STAT ", 5);
        memcpy(pos + nbytes, key, klen);
        nbytes += klen;
        if (vlen != 0) {
            pos[nbytes] = ' ';
            ++nbytes;
            memcpy(pos + nbytes, val, vlen);
            nbytes += vlen;
        }
        memcpy(pos + nbytes, "\r\n", 2);
        nbytes += 2;
    }

    c->dynamic_buffer.offset += nbytes;
    assert(c->dynamic_buffer.offset <= c->dynamic_buffer.size);
}

static void process_bin_stat(conn *c)
{
    char *subcommand = binary_get_key(c);
    size_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        if (key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true,
                                    "STATS", subcommand, nkey) != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s\n", buffer);
        }
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    if (nkey == 0) {
        /* request all statistics */
        ret = mc_engine.v1->get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, 0, append_bin_stats);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            server_stats(&append_bin_stats, c, false);
        }
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "reset", 5) == 0) {
        stats_reset(c);
        mc_engine.v1->reset_stats(mc_engine.v0, c);
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "settings", 8) == 0) {
        process_stats_settings(&append_bin_stats, c);
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "zookeeper", 9) == 0) {
        process_stats_zookeeper(&append_bin_stats, c);
#endif
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "detail", 6) == 0) {
        char *subcmd_pos = subcommand + 6;
        if (settings.allow_detailed) {
            if (strncmp(subcmd_pos, " dump", 5) == 0) {
                int len;
                char *dump_buf = stats_prefix_dump(NULL, 0, &len);
                if (dump_buf == NULL) {
                    write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
                    return;
                }
                append_bin_stats("detailed", strlen("detailed"), dump_buf, len, c);
                free(dump_buf);
            } else if (strncmp(subcmd_pos, " on", 3) == 0) {
                settings.detail_enabled = 1;
            } else if (strncmp(subcmd_pos, " off", 4) == 0) {
                settings.detail_enabled = 0;
            } else {
                write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
                return;
            }
        } else {
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
            return;
        }
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "aggregate", 9) == 0) {
        server_stats(&append_bin_stats, c, true);
    } else if (strncmp(subcommand, "topkeys", 7) == 0) {
        if (default_topkeys) {
            topkeys_stats(default_topkeys, c, get_current_time(), append_bin_stats);
        } else {
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
            return;
        }
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, subcommand, nkey, append_bin_stats);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        append_bin_stats(NULL, 0, NULL, 0, c);
        if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer != NULL) {
            write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer,
                              c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
            c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
        } else {
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_PREFIX_ENOENT:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_EINVAL:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL, 0);
        break;
    default:
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void bin_read_chunk(conn *c, enum bin_substates next_substate, uint32_t chunk)
{
    assert(c);
    c->substate = next_substate;

    /* Ok... do we have room for everything in our buffer? */
    ptrdiff_t offset = c->rcurr + sizeof(protocol_binary_request_header) - c->rbuf;
    if (chunk > c->rsize - offset) {
        size_t nsize = c->rsize;
        size_t size = chunk + sizeof(protocol_binary_request_header);

        while (size > nsize) {
            nsize *= 2;
        }

        if (nsize != c->rsize) {
            if (settings.verbose > 1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                    "%d: Need to grow buffer from %lu to %lu\n",
                    c->sfd, (unsigned long)c->rsize, (unsigned long)nsize);
            }
            char *newm = realloc(c->rbuf, nsize);
            if (newm == NULL) {
                if (settings.verbose) {
                    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                        "%d: Failed to grow buffer. closing connection\n", c->sfd);
                }
                conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
                return;
            }

            c->rbuf= newm;
            /* rcurr should point to the same offset in the packet */
            c->rcurr = c->rbuf + offset - sizeof(protocol_binary_request_header);
            c->rsize = nsize;
        }
        if (c->rbuf != c->rcurr) {
            memmove(c->rbuf, c->rcurr, c->rbytes);
            c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
            if (settings.verbose > 1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                               "%d: Repack input buffer\n", c->sfd);
            }
        }
    }

    /* preserve the header in the buffer.. */
    c->ritem = c->rcurr + sizeof(protocol_binary_request_header);
    c->rlbytes = chunk;
    c->rltotal = 0;
    conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
}

static void bin_read_key(conn *c, enum bin_substates next_substate, int extra)
{
    bin_read_chunk(c, next_substate, c->keylen + extra);
}

/* Just write an error message and disconnect the client */
static void handle_binary_protocol_error(conn *c)
{
    write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL, 0);
    if (settings.verbose) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                "%d: Protocol error (opcode %02x), close connection\n",
                c->sfd, c->binary_header.request.opcode);
    }
    c->write_and_go = conn_closing;
}

static void init_sasl_conn(conn *c)
{
    assert(c);

    if (!c->sasl_conn) {
        int result=sasl_server_new("memcached",
                                   NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                   NULL, 0, &c->sasl_conn);
        if (result != SASL_OK) {
            if (settings.verbose) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                         "%d: Failed to initialize SASL conn.\n", c->sfd);
            }
            c->sasl_conn = NULL;
        }
    }
}

static void get_auth_data(const void *cookie, auth_data_t *data)
{
    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    if (c->sasl_conn) {
        sasl_getprop(c->sasl_conn, SASL_USERNAME, (void*)&data->username);
#ifdef ENABLE_ISASL
        sasl_getprop(c->sasl_conn, ISASL_CONFIG, (void*)&data->config);
#endif
    }
}

#ifdef SASL_ENABLED
static void bin_list_sasl_mechs(conn *c)
{
    init_sasl_conn(c);
    const char *result_string = NULL;
    unsigned int string_length = 0;
    int result=sasl_listmech(c->sasl_conn, NULL,
                             "",   /* What to prepend the string with */
                             " ",  /* What to separate mechanisms with */
                             "",   /* What to append to the string */
                             &result_string, &string_length,
                             NULL);
    if (result != SASL_OK) {
        /* Perhaps there's a better error for this... */
        if (settings.verbose) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                     "%d: Failed to list SASL mechanisms.\n", c->sfd);
        }
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_AUTH_ERROR, 0);
        return;
    }
    write_bin_response(c, (char*)result_string, 0, 0, string_length);
}
#endif

struct sasl_tmp {
    int ksize;
    int vsize;
    char data[]; /* data + ksize == value */
};

static void process_bin_sasl_auth(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->binary_header.request.extlen == 0);

    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - nkey;
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    if (nkey > MAX_SASL_MECH_LEN) {
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL, vlen);
        return;
    }

    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    assert(key);

    size_t buffer_size = sizeof(struct sasl_tmp) + nkey + vlen + 2;
    struct sasl_tmp *data = calloc(sizeof(struct sasl_tmp) + buffer_size, 1);
    if (!data) {
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        return;
    }

    data->ksize = nkey;
    data->vsize = vlen;
    memcpy(data->data, key, nkey);

    c->item = data;
    c->ritem = data->data + nkey;
    c->rlbytes = vlen;
    c->rltotal = 0;
    conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    c->substate = bin_reading_sasl_auth_data;
}

static void process_bin_complete_sasl_auth(conn *c)
{
    const char *out = NULL;
    unsigned int outlen = 0;

    assert(c->item);
    init_sasl_conn(c);

    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - nkey;
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    struct sasl_tmp *stmp = c->item;
    char mech[nkey+1];
    memcpy(mech, stmp->data, nkey);
    mech[nkey] = 0x00;

    if (settings.verbose) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                "%d: mech: ``%s'' with %d bytes of data\n", c->sfd, mech, vlen);
    }

    const char *challenge = vlen == 0 ? NULL : (stmp->data + nkey);

    int result=-1;

    switch (c->cmd) {
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_AUTH:
        result = sasl_server_start(c->sasl_conn, mech, challenge, vlen,
                                   &out, &outlen);
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_STEP:
        result = sasl_server_step(c->sasl_conn, challenge, vlen,
                                  &out, &outlen);
        break;
    default:
        assert(false); /* CMD should be one of the above */
        /* This code is pretty much impossible, but makes the compiler happier */
        if (settings.verbose) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                    "%d: Unhandled command %d with challenge %s\n",
                    c->sfd, c->cmd, challenge);
        }
        break;
    }

    free(c->item);
    c->item = NULL;
    c->ritem = NULL;

    if (settings.verbose) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                       "%d: sasl result code:  %d\n", c->sfd, result);
    }

    switch (result) {
    case SASL_OK:
        write_bin_response(c, "Authenticated", 0, 0, strlen("Authenticated"));
        auth_data_t data;
        get_auth_data(c, &data);
        perform_callbacks(ON_AUTH, (const void*)&data, c);
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, auth);
        break;
    case SASL_CONTINUE:
        add_bin_header(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_AUTH_CONTINUE, 0, 0, outlen);
        if (outlen > 0) {
            add_iov(c, out, outlen);
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
        break;
    default:
        if (settings.verbose) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                           "%d: Unknown sasl response:  %d\n", c->sfd, result);
        }
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_AUTH_ERROR, 0);
        STATS_ERRORS_NOKEY(c, auth);
    }
}

static bool authenticated(conn *c)
{
    bool rv = false;

    switch (c->cmd) {
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_LIST_MECHS: /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_AUTH:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_STEP:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_VERSION:         /* FALLTHROUGH */
        rv = true;
        break;
    default:
        if (c->sasl_conn) {
            const void *uname = NULL;
            sasl_getprop(c->sasl_conn, SASL_USERNAME, &uname);
            rv = uname != NULL;
        }
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                "%d: authenticated() in cmd 0x%02x is %s\n",
                c->sfd, c->cmd, rv ? "true" : "false");
    }
    return rv;
}

static void process_bin_lop_create(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_lop_create* req = binary_get_request(c);
    req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
    req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d LOP CREATE ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " flags(%u) exptime(%d) maxcount(%d) ovflaction(%s) readable(%d)\n",
                req->message.body.flags, req->message.body.exptime, req->message.body.maxcount,
                get_ovflaction_str(req->message.body.ovflaction), req->message.body.readable);
    }

    item_attr attr_data;
    attr_data.flags   = req->message.body.flags;
    attr_data.exptime = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
    attr_data.maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;

    if ((req->message.body.ovflaction > 0) &&
        (req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_ERROR ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_HEAD_TRIM ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_TAIL_TRIM)) {
        attr_data.ovflaction = req->message.body.ovflaction;
    } else {
        attr_data.ovflaction = 0;
    }
    attr_data.readable = req->message.body.readable;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, &attr_data,
                                           c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_lop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, lop_create, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_lop_prepare_nread(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_INSERT);

    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_lop_insert* req = binary_get_request(c);
    req->message.body.index = ntohl(req->message.body.index);
    if (req->message.body.create) {
        req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
        req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d LOP INSERT ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " Index(%d) NBytes(%u)", req->message.body.index, vlen);
        if (req->message.body.create) {
            fprintf(stderr, " %s", "Create");
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    eitem *elem;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if ((vlen + 2) > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, vlen+2, &elem);
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST, elem, &c->einfo);
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_LOP_INSERT;
        c->coll_index  = req->message.body.index;
        if (req->message.body.create) {
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
            c->coll_attrp->flags    = req->message.body.flags;
            c->coll_attrp->exptime  = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
            c->coll_attrp->maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;
            c->coll_attrp->readable = 1;
        } else {
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        c->substate = bin_reading_lop_nread_complete;
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_lop_insert(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
    }
}

static void process_bin_lop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_LOP_INSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
     * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);
    einfo_append_tail_crlf(&c->einfo); /* append "\r\n" */

    bool created;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                         c->coll_index, c->coll_eitem,
                                         c->coll_attrp, &created,
                                         c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_lop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, lop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, lop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EOVERFLOW, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EINDEXOOR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINDEXOOR, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_bin_lop_nread_complete(conn *c)
{
    //protocol_binary_response_status eno = PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL;
    assert(c != NULL);
    process_bin_lop_insert_complete(c);
}

static void process_bin_lop_delete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_lop_delete* req = binary_get_request(c);
    req->message.body.from_index = ntohl(req->message.body.from_index);
    req->message.body.to_index   = ntohl(req->message.body.to_index);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d LOP DELETE ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " From_Index(%d) To_Index(%d)\n",
                req->message.body.from_index, req->message.body.to_index);
    }

    uint32_t del_count;
    bool     dropped;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                         req->message.body.from_index,
                                         req->message.body.to_index,
                                         (bool)req->message.body.drop,
                                         &del_count, &dropped,
                                         c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_lop_delete(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINDEXOOR, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bin_lop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    protocol_binary_response_lop_get* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_lop_get*)c->wbuf;
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    uint32_t bodylen;
    uint32_t *vlenptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (elem_count * sizeof(uint32_t));
        if ((vlenptr = (uint32_t *)malloc(elem_count * sizeof(uint32_t))) == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            bodylen += (c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
            vlenptr[i] = htonl(c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), 0, bodylen);

        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.flags = eresultp->flags;
        rsp->message.body.count = htonl(elem_count);
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        // add value lengths
        add_iov(c, (char*)vlenptr, elem_count*sizeof(uint32_t));

        /* Add the data without CRLF */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            if (add_iov_einfo_bin(c, &c->einfo) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = (char *)vlenptr;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_LOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
    } else {
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array != NULL) {
            free(elem_array);
            elem_array = NULL;
        }
        if (vlenptr != NULL) {
            free(vlenptr);
            vlenptr = NULL;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bin_lop_get(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_GET);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_lop_get* req = binary_get_request(c);
    int from_index = ntohl(req->message.body.from_index);
    int to_index   = ntohl(req->message.body.to_index);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d LOP GET ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " From_Index(%d) To_Index(%d) Delete(%s)\n",
                from_index, to_index,
                (req->message.body.delete ? "true" : "false"));
    }

    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                      from_index, to_index,
                                      (bool)req->message.body.delete,
                                      (bool)req->message.body.drop,
                                      &eresult, c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_lop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bin_lop_get_response(c, (bool)req->message.body.delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_get);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINDEXOOR, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        else
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_sop_create(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_sop_create* req = binary_get_request(c);
    req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
    req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d SOP CREATE ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " flags(%u) exptime(%d) maxcount(%d) ovflaction(%s) readable(%d)\n",
                req->message.body.flags, req->message.body.exptime, req->message.body.maxcount,
                "error", req->message.body.readable);
    }

    item_attr attr_data;
    attr_data.flags = req->message.body.flags;
    attr_data.exptime = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
    attr_data.maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;
    attr_data.readable = req->message.body.readable;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, &attr_data,
                                          c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_sop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, sop_create, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_sop_prepare_nread(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT ||
           c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE ||
           c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_EXIST);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT) {
            fprintf(stderr, "<%d SOP INSERT ", c->sfd);
        } else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE) {
            fprintf(stderr, "<%d SOP DELETE ", c->sfd);
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "<%d SOP EXIST ", c->sfd);
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " NBytes(%u)", vlen);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if ((vlen + 2) > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT) {
            ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, vlen+2, &elem);
        } else { /* PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE or PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_EXIST */
            if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(sizeof(value_item) + vlen + 2)) == NULL)
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            else
                ((value_item*)elem)->len = vlen + 2;
        }
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET, elem, &c->einfo);
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
         } else {
            c->ritem   = ((value_item *)elem)->ptr;
            c->rlbytes = vlen;
            c->rltotal = 0;
         }
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT) {
            protocol_binary_request_sop_insert* req = binary_get_request(c);
            if (req->message.body.create) {
                req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
                req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);
            }
            c->coll_op     = OPERATION_SOP_INSERT;
            if (req->message.body.create) {
                c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
                c->coll_attrp->flags    = req->message.body.flags;
                c->coll_attrp->exptime  = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
                c->coll_attrp->maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;
                c->coll_attrp->readable = 1;
            } else {
                c->coll_attrp = NULL;
            }
        } else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE) {
            protocol_binary_request_sop_delete* req = binary_get_request(c);
            c->coll_op     = OPERATION_SOP_DELETE;
            c->coll_drop   = (req->message.body.drop ? true : false);
        } else { /* PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_EXIST */
            c->coll_op     = OPERATION_SOP_EXIST;
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        c->substate = bin_reading_sop_nread_complete;
    } else {
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT) {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
                stats_prefix_record_sop_insert(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_insert);
        } else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE) {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
                stats_prefix_record_sop_delete(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_delete);
        } else {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
               stats_prefix_record_sop_exist(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_exist);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
    }
}

static void process_bin_sop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
     * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);
    einfo_append_tail_crlf(&c->einfo); /* append "\r\n" */

    bool created;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                        c->coll_eitem, c->coll_attrp, &created,
                                        c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_sop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, sop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, sop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EOVERFLOW, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_EEXISTS)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_EEXISTS, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* release the c->coll_eitem reference */
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_bin_sop_delete_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
     * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
    value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;
    memcpy(value->ptr + value->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);

    bool dropped;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                        value->ptr, value->len, c->coll_drop,
                                        &dropped, c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_sop_delete(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, sop_delete, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* release the c->coll_eitem reference */
    free(c->coll_eitem);
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_bin_sop_exist_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
     * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
    value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;
    memcpy(value->ptr + value->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);

    bool exist;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_exist(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                       value->ptr, value->len, &exist,
                                       c->binary_header.request.vbucket);

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_sop_exist(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        {
        STATS_HITS(c, sop_exist, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);

        protocol_binary_response_sop_exist* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_sop_exist*)c->wbuf;
        rsp->message.body.exist = htonl((exist == true) ? 1 : 0);
        write_bin_response(c, &rsp->message.body, 0, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body));
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, sop_exist, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        else
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_exist);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* release the c->coll_eitem reference */
    free(c->coll_eitem);
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_bin_sop_nread_complete(conn *c)
{
    //protocol_binary_response_status eno = PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL;
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT)
        process_bin_sop_insert_complete(c);
    else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE)
        process_bin_sop_delete_complete(c);
    else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_EXIST)
        process_bin_sop_exist_complete(c);
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bin_sop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    protocol_binary_response_sop_get* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_sop_get*)c->wbuf;
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    uint32_t bodylen;
    uint32_t *vlenptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (elem_count * sizeof(uint32_t));
        if ((vlenptr = (uint32_t*)malloc(elem_count * sizeof(uint32_t))) == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            bodylen += (c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
            vlenptr[i] = htonl(c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), 0, bodylen);

        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.flags = eresultp->flags;
        rsp->message.body.count = htonl(elem_count);
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        // add value lengths
        add_iov(c, (char*)vlenptr, elem_count*sizeof(uint32_t));

        /* Add the data without CRLF */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            if (add_iov_einfo_bin(c, &c->einfo) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = (char *)vlenptr;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_SOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
    } else {
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array != NULL) {
            free(elem_array);
            elem_array = NULL;
        }
        if (vlenptr != NULL) {
            free(vlenptr);
            vlenptr = NULL;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bin_sop_get(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_GET);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_sop_get* req = binary_get_request(c);
    uint32_t req_count = ntohl(req->message.body.count);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d SOP GET ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " Count(%u) Delete(%s)\n", req_count,
                (req->message.body.delete ? "true" : "false"));
    }

    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, req_count,
                                     (bool)req->message.body.delete,
                                     (bool)req->message.body.drop,
                                     &eresult, c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_sop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bin_sop_get_response(c, (bool)req->message.body.delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_get);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        else
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_create(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_create* req = binary_get_request(c);
    req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
    req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP CREATE ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " flags(%u) exptime(%d) maxcount(%d) ovflaction(%s) readable(%d)\n",
                req->message.body.flags, req->message.body.exptime, req->message.body.maxcount,
                get_ovflaction_str(req->message.body.ovflaction), req->message.body.readable);
    }

    item_attr attr_data;
    attr_data.flags = req->message.body.flags;
    attr_data.exptime = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
    attr_data.maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;

    if ((req->message.body.ovflaction > 0) &&
        (req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_ERROR ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_SMALLEST_TRIM ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_LARGEST_TRIM ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_SMALLEST_SILENT_TRIM ||
         req->message.body.ovflaction == OVFL_LARGEST_SILENT_TRIM)) {
        attr_data.ovflaction = req->message.body.ovflaction;
    } else {
        attr_data.ovflaction = 0;
    }
    attr_data.readable = req->message.body.readable;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, &attr_data,
                                            c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_bop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, bop_create, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_prepare_nread(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERT ||
           c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPSERT);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_insert* req = binary_get_request(c);
    if (req->message.body.nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((uint8_t*)&bkey_temp, req->message.body.bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(req->message.body.bkey, (uint8_t*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)req->message.body.bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)req->message.body.bkey);
    }
    if (req->message.body.create) {
        req->message.body.exptime  = ntohl(req->message.body.exptime);
        req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP %s ",
                c->sfd, (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERT ? "INSERT" : "UPSERT"));
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " NBKey(%u) NEFlag(%u) NBytes(%u)",
                req->message.body.nbkey, req->message.body.neflag, vlen);
        if (req->message.body.create) {
            fprintf(stderr, " %s", "Create");
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    eitem *elem;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if ((vlen + 2) > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                             req->message.body.nbkey,
                                             req->message.body.neflag, vlen+2, &elem);
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, elem, &c->einfo);
        if (c->einfo.nscore == 0) {
            memcpy((void*)c->einfo.score, req->message.body.bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        } else {
            memcpy((void*)c->einfo.score, req->message.body.bkey, c->einfo.nscore);
        }
        if (c->einfo.neflag > 0) {
            memcpy((void*)c->einfo.eflag, req->message.body.eflag, c->einfo.neflag);
        }

        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERT ? OPERATION_BOP_INSERT
                                                                   : OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT);
        if (req->message.body.create) {
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
            c->coll_attrp->flags    = req->message.body.flags;
            c->coll_attrp->exptime  = realtime(req->message.body.exptime);
            c->coll_attrp->maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;
            c->coll_attrp->readable = 1;
        } else {
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        c->substate = bin_reading_bop_nread_complete;
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_bop_insert(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_insert_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_INSERT ||
           c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two characters in the bin
     * protocol, so we're going to just append them here */
    mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, c->coll_eitem, &c->einfo);
    einfo_append_tail_crlf(&c->einfo); /* append "\r\n" */

    bool created;
    bool replaced;
    bool replace_if_exist = (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT ? true : false);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_insert(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                          c->coll_eitem, replace_if_exist,
                                          c->coll_attrp, &replaced, &created, NULL,
                                          c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_bop_insert(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, bop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_insert, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_insert);

        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EOVERFLOW, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBKEYOOR, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ELEM_EEXISTS)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_EEXISTS, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENAME, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* release the c->coll_eitem reference */
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_free(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_eitem);
    }
    c->coll_eitem = NULL;
}

static void process_bin_bop_nread_complete(conn *c)
{
    //protocol_binary_response_status eno = PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL;
    assert(c != NULL);
    process_bin_bop_insert_complete(c);
}

static void process_bin_bop_update_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE);
    char *new_value = NULL;
    int  new_nbytes = 0;

    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        value_item *value = (value_item *)c->coll_eitem;
        memcpy(value->ptr + value->len - 2, "\r\n", 2);
        new_value  = value->ptr;
        new_nbytes = value->len;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_update(mc_engine.v0, c, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey,
                                          &c->coll_bkrange,
                                          (c->coll_eupdate.neflag == EFLAG_NULL ? NULL : &c->coll_eupdate),
                                          new_value, new_nbytes,
                                          c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_update(c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_update, c->coll_key, c->coll_nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_update);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADEFLAG)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADEFLAG, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        free((void*)c->coll_eitem);
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_update_prepare_nread(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPDATE);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;
    int real_nbkey;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_update* req = binary_get_request(c);
    if (req->message.body.nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((uint8_t*)&bkey_temp, req->message.body.bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(req->message.body.bkey, (uint8_t*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)req->message.body.bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)req->message.body.bkey);
        real_nbkey = 8;
    } else {
        real_nbkey = req->message.body.nbkey;
    }
    /* build bkey range */
    memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey, req->message.body.bkey, real_nbkey);
    c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey = req->message.body.nbkey;
    c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey   = BKEY_NULL;
    /* build elem update */
    c->coll_eupdate.fwhere = req->message.body.fwhere;
    c->coll_eupdate.bitwop = req->message.body.bitwop;
    c->coll_eupdate.neflag = req->message.body.neflag;
    if (req->message.body.neflag > 0) {
        memcpy(c->coll_eupdate.eflag, req->message.body.eflag, req->message.body.neflag);
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP UPDATE", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " NBKey(%u) NEFlag(%u) NBytes(%u)",
                req->message.body.nbkey, req->message.body.neflag, vlen);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    if (req->message.body.novalue) {
        c->coll_eitem  = NULL;
        c->coll_ecount = 0;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE;
        process_bin_bop_update_complete(c);
        return;
    }

    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if ((vlen + 2) > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(sizeof(value_item) + vlen + 2)) == NULL)
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        else
            ((value_item*)elem)->len = vlen + 2;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->ritem       = ((value_item *)elem)->ptr;
        c->rlbytes     = vlen;
        c->rltotal     = 0;
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        c->substate = bin_reading_bop_update_nread_complete;
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_bop_update(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_update);
        /* ret == ENGINE_E2BIG || ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_delete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_delete* req = binary_get_request(c);
    bkey_range   *bkrange = &req->message.body.bkrange;
    eflag_filter *efilter = &req->message.body.efilter;
    if (bkrange->from_nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->from_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->from_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey);
    }
    if (bkrange->to_nbkey   == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->to_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->to_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey   = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey);
    }
    req->message.body.count = ntohl(req->message.body.count);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP DELETE ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
    }

    uint32_t del_count;
    uint32_t acc_count; /* access count */
    bool     dropped;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                          bkrange, efilter, req->message.body.count,
                                          (bool)req->message.body.drop,
                                          &del_count, &acc_count, &dropped,
                                          c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_delete(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bin_bop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    protocol_binary_response_bop_get* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_bop_get*)c->wbuf;
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    uint32_t bodylen;
    uint32_t *bkeyptr;
    uint32_t *vlenptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (elem_count * (sizeof(uint64_t)+sizeof(uint32_t)));
        if ((bkeyptr = (uint32_t *)malloc(elem_count * sizeof(uint64_t)+sizeof(uint32_t))) == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        vlenptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)bkeyptr + (sizeof(uint64_t) * elem_count));
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            bodylen += (c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
            bkeyptr[i] = htonll(*(uint64_t*)c->einfo.score);
            vlenptr[i] = htonl(c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), 0, bodylen);

        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.flags = eresultp->flags;
        rsp->message.body.count = htonl(elem_count);
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        // add bkey data and value lengths
        add_iov(c, (char*)bkeyptr, elem_count*(sizeof(uint64_t)+sizeof(uint32_t)));

        /* Add the data without CRLF */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            if (add_iov_einfo_bin(c, &c->einfo) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = (char *)bkeyptr;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
    } else {
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array != NULL) {
            free(elem_array);
            elem_array = NULL;
        }
        if (bkeyptr != NULL) {
            free(bkeyptr);
            bkeyptr = NULL;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bin_bop_get(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_GET);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_get* req = binary_get_request(c);
    bkey_range   *bkrange = &req->message.body.bkrange;
    eflag_filter *efilter = &req->message.body.efilter;
    if (bkrange->from_nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->from_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->from_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey);
    }
    if (bkrange->to_nbkey   == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->to_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->to_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey   = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey);
    }
    req->message.body.offset = ntohl(req->message.body.offset);
    req->message.body.count  = ntohl(req->message.body.count);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP GET ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " Offset(%u) Count(%u) Delete(%s)\n",
                req->message.body.offset, req->message.body.count,
                (req->message.body.delete ? "true" : "false"));
    }

    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                       bkrange, efilter,
                                       req->message.body.offset,
                                       req->message.body.count,
                                       (bool)req->message.body.delete,
                                       (bool)req->message.body.drop,
                                       &eresult, c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bin_bop_get_response(c, (bool)req->message.body.delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ELEM_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_EBKEYOOR:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBKEYOOR, 0);
        else
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_bop_count(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_COUNT);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_count* req = binary_get_request(c);
    bkey_range   *bkrange = &req->message.body.bkrange;
    eflag_filter *efilter = &req->message.body.efilter;
    if (bkrange->from_nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->from_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->from_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey);
    }
    if (bkrange->to_nbkey   == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->to_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->to_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey   = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey);
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP COUNT", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    uint32_t elem_count;
    uint32_t opcost; /* operation cost */
    uint32_t flags = 0;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_count(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                         bkrange, efilter, &elem_count, &opcost,
                                         c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_bop_count(key, nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, bop_count, key, nkey);
        protocol_binary_response_bop_count* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_bop_count*)c->wbuf;
        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.flags = flags;
        rsp->message.body.count = htonl(elem_count);
        write_bin_response(c, &rsp->message.body, 0, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body));
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_count, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        else
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNREADABLE, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_count);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
static void process_bin_bop_prepare_nread_keys(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_MGET || c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_SMGET);

    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;
    size_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_bop_mkeys* req = binary_get_request(c);
    bkey_range   *bkrange = &req->message.body.bkrange;
    if (bkrange->from_nbkey == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->from_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->from_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey);
    }
    if (bkrange->to_nbkey   == 0) {
        uint64_t bkey_temp;
        memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, bkrange->to_bkey, sizeof(uint64_t));
        bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
        memcpy(bkrange->to_bkey, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
        //*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey   = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey);
    }
    req->message.body.req_offset = ntohl(req->message.body.req_offset);
    req->message.body.req_count  = ntohl(req->message.body.req_count);
    req->message.body.key_count  = ntohl(req->message.body.key_count);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d BOP %s ", c->sfd, (c->cmd==PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_MGET ? "MGET" : "SMGET"));
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, " ReqOffset(%u) ReqCount(%u) KeyCount(%u)\n",
                req->message.body.req_offset, req->message.body.req_count, req->message.body.key_count);
    }

    eitem *elem=NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    int need_size = 0;
    do {
        /* validation checking on arguments */
        if (req->message.body.key_count < 1 || vlen < 1 || req->message.body.req_count < 1) {
            ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE; break;
        }
        if (req->message.body.key_count > ((vlen/2)+1)) {
            ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE; break;
        }
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_MGET) {
            int bmget_count;
            int elem_array_size;

            if (req->message.body.key_count > MAX_BMGET_KEY_COUNT ||
                req->message.body.req_count > MAX_BMGET_ELM_COUNT) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE; break;
            }
            bmget_count = req->message.body.key_count * req->message.body.req_count;
            elem_array_size = bmget_count * sizeof(eitem*);

            need_size = elem_array_size;
        }
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_SMGET) {
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
          if (c->coll_smgmode == 0) {
            int smget_count;
            int elem_array_size; /* elem pointer array where the found elements will be saved */
            int kmis_array_size; /* key index array where the missed key indexes are to be saved */
            int elem_rshdr_size; /* the size of result header about the found elems */
            int kmis_rshdr_size; /* the size of result header about the missed keys */

            if (req->message.body.key_count > MAX_SMGET_KEY_COUNT ||
                (req->message.body.req_offset + req->message.body.req_count) > MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE; break;
            }
            smget_count = req->message.body.req_offset + req->message.body.req_count;
            elem_array_size = smget_count * (sizeof(eitem*) + (2*sizeof(uint32_t)));
            kmis_array_size = req->message.body.key_count * sizeof(uint32_t);
            elem_rshdr_size = smget_count * (sizeof(uint64_t) + (3*sizeof(uint32_t)));
            kmis_rshdr_size = req->message.body.key_count * sizeof(uint32_t);
            need_size = elem_array_size + kmis_array_size + elem_rshdr_size + kmis_rshdr_size;
          } else
#endif
          {
            int elem_array_size; /* smget element array size */
            int ehit_array_size; /* smget hitted elem array size */
            int emis_array_size; /* element missed keys array size */
            int elem_rshdr_size; /* the size of result header about the found elems */
            int emis_rshdr_size; /* the size of result header about the missed keys */

            if (req->message.body.key_count > MAX_SMGET_KEY_COUNT ||
                (req->message.body.req_offset + req->message.body.req_count) > MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE; break;
            }
            elem_array_size = (req->message.body.req_count + req->message.body.key_count) * sizeof(eitem*);
            ehit_array_size = req->message.body.req_count * sizeof(smget_ehit_t);
            emis_array_size = req->message.body.key_count * sizeof(smget_emis_t);
            elem_rshdr_size = req->message.body.req_count * (sizeof(uint64_t) + (3*sizeof(uint32_t)));
            emis_rshdr_size = req->message.body.key_count * sizeof(uint32_t);
            need_size = elem_array_size + ehit_array_size + emis_array_size
                      + elem_rshdr_size + emis_rshdr_size;
          }
        }
#endif
        assert(need_size > 0);

        if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(need_size)) == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        } else {
            /* allocate memory blocks needed */
            if (mblck_list_alloc(&c->thread->mblck_pool, 1, vlen, &c->memblist) < 0) {
                free((void*)elem);
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            } else {
                c->coll_bkrange = req->message.body.bkrange;
                c->coll_efilter = req->message.body.efilter;
                c->coll_roffset = req->message.body.req_offset;
                c->coll_rcount  = req->message.body.req_count;
                c->coll_numkeys = req->message.body.key_count;
                c->coll_lenkeys = vlen + 2;
            }
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_strkeys = (void*)&c->memblist;
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 0;
        c->coll_op = (c->cmd==PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_MGET ? OPERATION_BOP_MGET : OPERATION_BOP_SMGET);
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        c->substate = bin_reading_bop_nread_keys_complete;
    } else {
        /* ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE || ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADVALUE, vlen);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
static void process_bin_bop_mget_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_MGET);
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_ENOTSUP;
    write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_SUPPORTED, 0);

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
static void process_bin_bop_smget_complete_old(conn *c)
{
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    int smget_count = c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount;
    token_t *key_tokens;

    eitem   **elem_array = (eitem  **)c->coll_eitem;
    uint32_t *kfnd_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)elem_array + (smget_count*sizeof(eitem*)));
    uint32_t *flag_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)kfnd_array + (smget_count*sizeof(uint32_t)));
    uint32_t *kmis_array = (uint32_t*)((char*)flag_array + (smget_count*sizeof(uint32_t)));
    uint32_t  elem_count = 0;
    uint32_t  kmis_count = 0;
    bool trimmed;
    bool duplicated;

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two("\r\n") characters in binary protocol.
     * We should consider this when tokenizing key strings.
     */
    key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
        ret = tokenize_mblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys-2, c->coll_numkeys,
                               KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
        /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
    } else {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey == BKEY_NULL) {
            memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.to_bkey, c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey,
                   (c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey));
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey = c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey;
        }
        assert(c->coll_numkeys > 0);
        assert(c->coll_rcount > 0);
        assert((c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount) <= MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT);
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_smget_old(mc_engine.v0, c, key_tokens, c->coll_numkeys,
                                             &c->coll_bkrange,
                                             (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                                             c->coll_roffset, c->coll_rcount,
                                             elem_array, kfnd_array, flag_array, &elem_count,
                                             kmis_array, &kmis_count, &trimmed, &duplicated,
                                             c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        {
        protocol_binary_response_bop_smget* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_bop_smget*)c->wbuf;
        uint32_t real_elem_hdr_size = elem_count * (sizeof(uint64_t) + (3*sizeof(uint32_t)));
        uint32_t real_kmis_hdr_size = kmis_count * sizeof(uint32_t);
        uint32_t bodylen, i;
        uint64_t *bkeyptr;
        uint32_t *vlenptr;
        uint32_t *flagptr;
        uint32_t *klenptr;

        char *resultptr = ((char *)kmis_array + (c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(uint32_t)));
        if (((long)resultptr % 8) != 0) { /* NOT aligned */
            resultptr += (8 - ((long)resultptr % 8));
        }
        bkeyptr = (uint64_t *)resultptr;
        vlenptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)bkeyptr + (sizeof(uint64_t) * elem_count));
        flagptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)vlenptr + (sizeof(uint32_t) * elem_count));
        klenptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)flagptr + (sizeof(uint32_t) * elem_count));

        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (real_elem_hdr_size + real_kmis_hdr_size);
        for (i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            bodylen += ((c->einfo.nbytes - 2) + key_tokens[kfnd_array[i]].length);
            bkeyptr[i] = htonll(*(uint64_t*)c->einfo.score);
            vlenptr[i] = htonl(c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
            flagptr[i] = flag_array[i];
            klenptr[i] = htonl(key_tokens[kfnd_array[i]].length);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < kmis_count; i++) {
            bodylen += key_tokens[kmis_array[i]].length;
            klenptr[elem_count+i] = htonl(key_tokens[kmis_array[i]].length);
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), 0, bodylen);

        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.elem_count = htonl(elem_count);
        rsp->message.body.miss_count = htonl(kmis_count);
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        // add value lengths
        if (add_iov(c, (char*)bkeyptr, real_elem_hdr_size+real_kmis_hdr_size) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }

        /* Add the data without CRLF */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
                mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                            elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
                if (add_iov_einfo_bin(c, &c->einfo) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Add the found key */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
                if (add_iov(c, key_tokens[kfnd_array[i]].value,
                               key_tokens[kfnd_array[i]].length) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Add the missed key */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < kmis_count; i++) {
                if (add_iov(c, key_tokens[kmis_array[i]].value,
                               key_tokens[kmis_array[i]].length) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
            /* c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array; */
            STATS_OKS_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
            c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
            c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_SMGET;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        }
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADVALUE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBKEYOOR, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

static void process_bin_bop_smget_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c->coll_eitem != NULL);
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
    if (c->coll_smgmode == 0) {
        process_bin_bop_smget_complete_old(c);
        return;
    }
#endif

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    token_t *key_tokens;
    smget_result_t smres;

    smres.elem_array = (eitem **)c->coll_eitem;
    smres.elem_kinfo = (smget_ehit_t *)&smres.elem_array[c->coll_rcount+c->coll_numkeys];
    smres.miss_kinfo = (smget_emis_t *)&smres.elem_kinfo[c->coll_rcount];

    /* We don't actually receive the trailing two("\r\n") characters in binary protocol.
     * We should consider this when tokenizing key strings.
     */
    key_tokens = (token_t*)token_buff_get(&c->thread->token_buff, c->coll_numkeys);
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        bool must_backward_compatible = true; /* Must be backward compatible */
        ret = tokenize_mblocks(&c->memblist, c->coll_lenkeys-2, c->coll_numkeys,
                               KEY_MAX_LENGTH, must_backward_compatible, key_tokens);
        /* ret : ENGINE_SUCCESS | ENGINE_EBADVALUE | ENGINE_ENOMEM */
    } else {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey == BKEY_NULL) {
            memcpy(c->coll_bkrange.to_bkey, c->coll_bkrange.from_bkey,
                   (c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey));
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey = c->coll_bkrange.from_nbkey;
        }
        assert(c->coll_numkeys > 0);
        assert(c->coll_rcount > 0);
        assert((c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount) <= MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT);
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_smget(mc_engine.v0, c, key_tokens, c->coll_numkeys,
                                             &c->coll_bkrange,
                                             (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                                             c->coll_roffset, c->coll_rcount,
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
                                             (c->coll_smgmode == 2 ? true : false), &smres,
#else
                                             c->coll_unique, &smres,
#endif
                                             c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        {
        protocol_binary_response_bop_smget* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_bop_smget*)c->wbuf;
        uint32_t real_elem_hdr_size = smres.elem_count * (sizeof(uint64_t) + (3*sizeof(uint32_t)));
        uint32_t real_emis_hdr_size = (smres.miss_count + smres.trim_count) * sizeof(uint32_t);
        uint32_t bodylen, i;
        uint64_t *bkeyptr;
        uint32_t *vlenptr;
        uint32_t *flagptr;
        uint32_t *klenptr;

        char *resultptr = (char *)&smres.miss_kinfo[c->coll_numkeys];
        if (((long)resultptr % 8) != 0) { /* NOT aligned */
            resultptr += (8 - ((long)resultptr % 8));
        }
        bkeyptr = (uint64_t *)resultptr;
        vlenptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)bkeyptr + (sizeof(uint64_t) * smres.elem_count));
        flagptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)vlenptr + (sizeof(uint32_t) * smres.elem_count));
        klenptr = (uint32_t *)((char*)flagptr + (sizeof(uint32_t) * smres.elem_count));

        bodylen = sizeof(rsp->message.body) + (real_elem_hdr_size + real_emis_hdr_size);
        for (i = 0; i < smres.elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        smres.elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            bodylen += ((c->einfo.nbytes - 2) + key_tokens[smres.elem_kinfo[i].kidx].length);
            bkeyptr[i] = htonll(*(uint64_t*)c->einfo.score);
            vlenptr[i] = htonl(c->einfo.nbytes - 2);
            flagptr[i] = smres.elem_kinfo[i].flag;
            klenptr[i] = htonl(key_tokens[smres.elem_kinfo[i].kidx].length);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < smres.miss_count; i++) {
            bodylen += key_tokens[smres.miss_kinfo[i].kidx].length;
            klenptr[smres.elem_count+i] = htonl(key_tokens[smres.miss_kinfo[i].kidx].length);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < smres.trim_count; i++) {
            bodylen += key_tokens[smres.trim_kinfo[i].kidx].length;
            klenptr[smres.elem_count+smres.miss_count+i] = htonl(key_tokens[smres.trim_kinfo[i].kidx].length);
        }
        add_bin_header(c, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body), 0, bodylen);

        // add the flags and count
        rsp->message.body.elem_count = htonl(smres.elem_count);
        rsp->message.body.miss_count = htonl(smres.miss_count);
        rsp->message.body.trim_count = htonl(smres.trim_count);
        add_iov(c, &rsp->message.body, sizeof(rsp->message.body));

        // add value lengths
        if (add_iov(c, (char*)bkeyptr, real_elem_hdr_size+real_emis_hdr_size) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }

        /* Add the data without CRLF */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < smres.elem_count; i++) {
                mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                            smres.elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
                if (add_iov_einfo_bin(c, &c->einfo) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Add the found key */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < smres.elem_count; i++) {
                if (add_iov(c, key_tokens[smres.elem_kinfo[i].kidx].value,
                               key_tokens[smres.elem_kinfo[i].kidx].length) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Add the missed key */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < smres.miss_count; i++) {
                if (add_iov(c, key_tokens[smres.miss_kinfo[i].kidx].value,
                               key_tokens[smres.miss_kinfo[i].kidx].length) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Add the trimmed key */
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            for (i = 0; i < smres.trim_count; i++) {
                if (add_iov(c, key_tokens[smres.trim_kinfo[i].kidx].value,
                               key_tokens[smres.trim_kinfo[i].kidx].length) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            /* Remember this command so we can garbage collect it later */
            /* c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array; */
            STATS_OKS_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
            c->coll_ecount = smres.elem_count+smres.trim_count;
            c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_SMGET;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
            mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, smres.elem_array,
                                             smres.elem_count+smres.trim_count);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        }
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADVALUE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADTYPE, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADBKEY, 0);
#if 0 // JHPARK_SMGET_OFFSET_HANDLING
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBKEYOOR, 0);
#endif
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }

    /* free token buffer */
    if (key_tokens != NULL) {
        token_buff_release(&c->thread->token_buff, key_tokens);
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
            /* free key string memory blocks */
            assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
            mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
            c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
        }
        if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
            free((void *)c->coll_eitem);
            c->coll_eitem = NULL;
        }
    }
}
#endif

#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
static void process_bin_bop_nread_keys_complete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
    if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_MGET)
        process_bin_bop_mget_complete(c);
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
    if (c->coll_op == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET)
        process_bin_bop_smget_complete(c);
#endif
}
#endif

static void process_bin_getattr(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d GETATTR ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    item_attr attr_data;
    ENGINE_ITEM_ATTR attr_ids[ATTR_END];
    uint32_t attr_count = 0;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->getattr(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                attr_ids, attr_count, &attr_data,
                                c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_getattr(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        {
        STATS_HITS(c, getattr, key, nkey);

        protocol_binary_response_getattr* rsp = (protocol_binary_response_getattr*)c->wbuf;
        rsp->message.body.flags      = attr_data.flags;
        rsp->message.body.expiretime = htonl(lefttime(attr_data.exptime));
        rsp->message.body.type       = attr_data.type;
        if (attr_data.type == ITEM_TYPE_LIST || attr_data.type == ITEM_TYPE_SET ||
            attr_data.type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE) {
            rsp->message.body.count      = htonl(attr_data.count);
            rsp->message.body.maxcount   = htonl(attr_data.maxcount);
            rsp->message.body.ovflaction = attr_data.ovflaction;
            rsp->message.body.readable   = attr_data.readable;
        }
        if (attr_data.type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE) {
            rsp->message.body.maxbkeyrange.len = attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len;
            if (attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len != BKEY_NULL) {
                if (attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len == 0) {
                    uint64_t bkey_temp;
                    memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                    bkey_temp = htonll(bkey_temp);
                    memcpy(rsp->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
                    //*(uint64_t*)rsp->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val = htonll(*(uint64_t*)attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val);
                } else {
                    memcpy(rsp->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len);
                }
            }
        }
        write_bin_response(c, &rsp->message.body, 0, 0, sizeof(rsp->message.body));
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, getattr, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, getattr);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADATTR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADATTR, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static void process_bin_setattr(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    int  nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;

    item_attr attr_data;
    ENGINE_ITEM_ATTR attr_ids[ATTR_END];
    uint32_t attr_count = 0;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    protocol_binary_request_setattr* req = binary_get_request(c);

    if (req->message.body.expiretime_f != 0) {
        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_EXPIRETIME;
        req->message.body.expiretime = ntohl(req->message.body.expiretime);
        attr_data.exptime = realtime(req->message.body.expiretime);
    }
    if (req->message.body.maxcount_f != 0) {
        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXCOUNT;
        req->message.body.maxcount = ntohl(req->message.body.maxcount);
        attr_data.maxcount = req->message.body.maxcount;
    }
    if (req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.len != BKEY_NULL) {
        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE;
        if (req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.len == 0) {
            uint64_t bkey_temp;
            memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
            bkey_temp = ntohll(bkey_temp);
            memcpy(attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, (unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, sizeof(uint64_t));
            //*(uint64_t*)attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val = ntohll(*(uint64_t*)req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val);
        } else {
            memcpy(attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.val, req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.len);
        }
        attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len = req->message.body.maxbkeyrange.len;
    }
    if (req->message.body.ovflaction != 0) {
        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_OVFLACTION;
        attr_data.ovflaction = req->message.body.ovflaction;
    }
    if (req->message.body.readable != 0) {
        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_READABLE;
        attr_data.readable = req->message.body.readable;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "<%d SETATTR ", c->sfd);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < nkey; ++ii) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%c", key[ii]);
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < attr_count; ii++) {
             if (attr_ids[ii] == ATTR_EXPIRETIME)
                 fprintf(stderr, " expiretime=%d", (int32_t)attr_data.exptime);
             else if (attr_ids[ii] == ATTR_MAXCOUNT)
                 fprintf(stderr, " maxcount=%d", attr_data.maxcount);
             else if (attr_ids[ii] == ATTR_OVFLACTION)
                 fprintf(stderr, " ovflaction=%s", get_ovflaction_str(attr_data.ovflaction));
             else if (attr_ids[ii] == ATTR_READABLE)
                 fprintf(stderr, " readable=%s", (attr_data.readable ? "on" : "off"));
             else if (attr_ids[ii] == ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE) {
                 if (attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len == 0) {
                     uint64_t bkey_temp;
                     memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                     fprintf(stderr, "maxbkeyrange=%"PRIu64, bkey_temp);
                     //fprintf(stderr, "maxbkeyrange=%"PRIu64, *(uint64_t*)attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val);
                 } else {
                     char buffer[MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+4];
                     safe_hexatostr(attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len, buffer);
                     fprintf(stderr, "maxbkeyrange=0x%s", buffer);
                 }
             }
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->setattr(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                attr_ids, attr_count, &attr_data,
                                c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_setattr(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, setattr, key, nkey);
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, setattr, key, nkey);
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, setattr);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADATTR)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADATTR, 0);
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE)
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EBADVALUE, 0);
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
}

static bool binary_response_handler(const void *key, uint16_t keylen,
                                    const void *ext, uint8_t extlen,
                                    const void *body, uint32_t bodylen,
                                    uint8_t datatype, uint16_t status,
                                    uint64_t cas, const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    /* Look at append_bin_stats */
    size_t needed = keylen + extlen + bodylen + sizeof(protocol_binary_response_header);
    if (!grow_dynamic_buffer(c, needed)) {
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                    "<%d ERROR: Failed to allocate memory for response\n", c->sfd);
        }
        return false;
    }

    char *buf = c->dynamic_buffer.buffer + c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    protocol_binary_response_header header = {
        .response.magic = (uint8_t)PROTOCOL_BINARY_RES,
        .response.opcode = c->binary_header.request.opcode,
        .response.keylen = (uint16_t)htons(keylen),
        .response.extlen = extlen,
        .response.datatype = datatype,
        .response.status = (uint16_t)htons(status),
        .response.bodylen = htonl(bodylen + keylen + extlen),
        .response.opaque = c->opaque,
        .response.cas = htonll(cas),
    };

    memcpy(buf, header.bytes, sizeof(header.response));
    buf += sizeof(header.response);

    if (extlen > 0) {
        memcpy(buf, ext, extlen);
        buf += extlen;
    }

    if (keylen > 0) {
        memcpy(buf, key, keylen);
        buf += keylen;
    }

    if (bodylen > 0) {
        memcpy(buf, body, bodylen);
    }

    c->dynamic_buffer.offset += needed;

    return true;
}

static void process_bin_unknown_packet(conn *c)
{
    void *packet = c->rcurr - (c->binary_header.request.bodylen +
                               sizeof(c->binary_header));

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->unknown_command(mc_engine.v0, c, packet,
                                        binary_response_handler);

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer != NULL) {
            write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer,
                              c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
            c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
        } else {
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ENOTSUP:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN_COMMAND, 0);
        break;
    default:
        /* FATAL ERROR, shut down connection */
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    }
}

static void dispatch_bin_command(conn *c)
{
    int protocol_error = 0;
    int extlen = c->binary_header.request.extlen;
    int keylen = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    uint32_t bodylen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen;

    if (settings.require_sasl && !authenticated(c)) {
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_AUTH_ERROR, 0);
        c->write_and_go = conn_closing;
        return;
    }

    MEMCACHED_PROCESS_COMMAND_START(c->sfd, c->rcurr, c->rbytes);
    c->noreply = true;

    /* binprot supports 16bit keys, but internals are still 8bit */
    if (keylen > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    switch (c->cmd) {
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SETQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SET;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_ADDQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_ADD;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_REPLACEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_REPLACE;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DELETEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DELETE;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_INCREMENTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_INCREMENT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DECREMENTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DECREMENT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_QUITQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_QUIT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_FLUSHQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_FLUSH;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_APPENDQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_APPEND;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_PREPENDQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_PREPEND;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GET;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETKQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_INSERTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_INSERT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_DELETEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_DELETE;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPSERTQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPSERT;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPDATEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPDATE;
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_DELETEQ:
        c->cmd = PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_DELETE;
        break;
    default:
        c->noreply = false;
    }

    switch (c->cmd) {
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_VERSION:
        if (extlen == 0 && keylen == 0 && bodylen == 0) {
            write_bin_response(c, VERSION, 0, 0, strlen(VERSION));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_FLUSH:
        if (keylen == 0 && bodylen == extlen && (extlen == 0 || extlen == 4)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_read_flush_exptime, extlen);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_FLUSH_PREFIX:
        if (keylen > 0 && bodylen == extlen && (extlen == 0 || extlen == 4)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_read_flush_prefix_exptime, extlen);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_NOOP:
        if (extlen == 0 && keylen == 0 && bodylen == 0) {
            write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SET: /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_ADD: /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_REPLACE:
        if (extlen == 8 && keylen != 0 && bodylen >= (keylen + 8)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_set_header, 8);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETQ:  /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GET:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETKQ: /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETK:
        if (extlen == 0 && bodylen == keylen && keylen > 0) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_get_key, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DELETE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 0 && bodylen == keylen) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_del_header, extlen);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_INCREMENT:
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_DECREMENT:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 20 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_incr_header, 20);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_APPEND:
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_PREPEND:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 0) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_set_header, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_STAT:
        if (extlen == 0) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_stat, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_QUIT:
        if (keylen == 0 && extlen == 0 && bodylen == 0) {
            write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
            c->write_and_go = conn_closing;
            if (c->noreply) {
                conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
            }
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_GETATTR:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_t)+24) && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_getattr, (sizeof(bkey_t)+24));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SETATTR:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_t)+12) && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_setattr, (sizeof(bkey_t)+12));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_CREATE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 16 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_lop_create, 16);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_INSERT:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 20 && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_lop_prepare_nread, 20);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_DELETE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 12 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_lop_delete, 12);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_LOP_GET:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 12 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_lop_get, 12);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_CREATE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 16 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sop_create, 16);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_INSERT:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 16 && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sop_prepare_nread, 16);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_DELETE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 4 && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sop_prepare_nread, 4);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_EXIST:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 0 && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sop_prepare_nread, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SOP_GET:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 8 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sop_get, 8);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_CREATE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == 16 && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_create, 16);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_INSERT:
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPSERT:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (MAX_BKEY_LENG+1+MAX_EFLAG_LENG+1+16) && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_prepare_nread, (MAX_BKEY_LENG+1+MAX_EFLAG_LENG+1+16));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_UPDATE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (MAX_BKEY_LENG+1+MAX_EFLAG_LENG+1+8) && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_update_prepare_nread, (MAX_BKEY_LENG+1+MAX_EFLAG_LENG+1+8));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_DELETE:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+8) && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_delete, (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+8));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_GET:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+12) && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_get, (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+12));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_COUNT:
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)) && bodylen == (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_count, (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_MGET:
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_BOP_SMGET:
#endif
        if (keylen > 0 && extlen == (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+12) && bodylen > (keylen + extlen)) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_bop_prepare_nread_keys, (sizeof(bkey_range)+sizeof(eflag_filter)+12));
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
#endif
#ifdef SASL_ENABLED
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_LIST_MECHS:
        if (extlen == 0 && keylen == 0 && bodylen == 0) {
            bin_list_sasl_mechs(c);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_AUTH:
    case PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SASL_STEP:
        if (extlen == 0 && keylen != 0) {
            bin_read_key(c, bin_reading_sasl_auth, 0);
        } else {
            protocol_error = 1;
        }
        break;
#endif
    default:
        if (mc_engine.v1->unknown_command == NULL) {
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN_COMMAND, bodylen);
        } else {
            bin_read_chunk(c, bin_reading_packet, c->binary_header.request.bodylen);
        }
    }

    if (protocol_error)
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
}

static void process_bin_update(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    protocol_binary_request_set* req = binary_get_request(c);
    item *it;
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    /* fix byteorder in the request */
    req->message.body.flags = req->message.body.flags;
    req->message.body.expiration = ntohl(req->message.body.expiration);

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - (nkey + c->binary_header.request.extlen);
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        const char *prefix;
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_ADD) {
            prefix = "ADD";
        } else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SET) {
            prefix = "SET";
        } else {
            prefix = "REPLACE";
        }

        size_t nw;
        nw = key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true,
                                     prefix, key, nkey);

        if (nw != -1) {
            if (snprintf(buffer + nw, sizeof(buffer) - nw,
                         " Value len is %u\n", vlen)) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s", buffer);
            }
        }
    }

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_set(key, nkey);
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->allocate(mc_engine.v0, c, &it, key, nkey, vlen+2,
                                 req->message.body.flags,
                                 realtime(req->message.body.expiration),
                                 c->binary_header.request.cas);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        } else {
            if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_ADD)
                c->store_op = OPERATION_ADD;
            else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SET)
                c->store_op = OPERATION_SET;
            else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_REPLACE)
                c->store_op = OPERATION_REPLACE;
            else
                assert(0);

            if (c->binary_header.request.cas != 0) {
                c->store_op = OPERATION_CAS;
            }

            c->item = it;
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_HINFO, vlen);
            conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
            c->substate = bin_read_set_value;
        }
    } else {
        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_E2BIG:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
        }
    }
    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /*
         * Avoid stale data persisting in cache because we failed alloc.
         * Unacceptable for SET (but only if cas matches).
         * Anywhere else too?
         */
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_SET) {
            /* set temporarily noreply for the ASYNC interface if it isn't set. */
            bool set_temporary_noreply = false;
            if (!c->noreply) {
                c->noreply = true;
                set_temporary_noreply = true;
            }
            mc_engine.v1->remove(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                 ntohll(req->message.header.request.cas),
                                 c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
            if (set_temporary_noreply) {
                c->noreply = false;
            }
        }
    }
}

static void process_bin_append_prepend(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    item *it;
    char *key = binary_get_key(c);
    uint32_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    uint32_t vlen = 0;

    bool protocol_error = false;
    if (nkey <= c->binary_header.request.bodylen) {
        vlen = c->binary_header.request.bodylen - nkey;
        if (vlen > (INT_MAX-2)) protocol_error = true;
    } else {
        protocol_error = true;
    }
    if (protocol_error) {
        handle_binary_protocol_error(c);
        return;
    }

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_set(key, nkey);
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->allocate(mc_engine.v0, c, &it, key, nkey, vlen+2,
                                 0, 0, c->binary_header.request.cas);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
        } else {
            if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_APPEND)
                c->store_op = OPERATION_APPEND;
            else if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_PREPEND)
                c->store_op = OPERATION_PREPEND;
            else
                assert(0);

            c->item = it;
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_HINFO, vlen);
            conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
            c->substate = bin_read_set_value;
        }
    } else {
        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_E2BIG:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_E2BIG, vlen);
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, vlen);
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, vlen);
        }
    }
}

static void process_bin_flush(conn *c)
{
    protocol_binary_request_flush* req = binary_get_request(c);
    time_t exptime = 0;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if (c->binary_header.request.extlen == sizeof(req->message.body)) {
        exptime = ntohl(req->message.body.expiration);
        if (exptime < 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_EINVAL;
        }
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                       "%d: flush %ld", c->sfd, (long)exptime);
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->flush(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, -1, realtime(exptime));
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
    } else {
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
    STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, flush);
}

static void process_bin_flush_prefix(conn *c)
{
    protocol_binary_request_flush_prefix *req = binary_get_request(c);
    char *prefix = binary_get_key(c);
    size_t nprefix = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    time_t exptime = 0;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if (c->binary_header.request.extlen == sizeof(req->message.body)) {
        exptime = ntohl(req->message.body.expiration);
        if (exptime < 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_EINVAL;
        }
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        if (key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true, "FLUSH_PREFIX", prefix, nprefix) != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s %ld\n", buffer, (long)exptime);
        }
    }

    if (nprefix == 6 && strncmp(prefix, "<null>", 6) == 0) {
        /* flush null prefix */
        prefix = NULL;
        nprefix = 0;
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->flush(mc_engine.v0, c, prefix, nprefix, realtime(exptime));
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    }

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENOENT) {
            if (stats_prefix_delete(prefix, nprefix) == 0) { /* found */
                ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
            }
        }
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
    } else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENOENT) {
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_PREFIX_ENOENT, 0);
    } else {
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_bin(c, __func__, ret, 0);
    }
    STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, flush_prefix);
}

static void process_bin_delete(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    protocol_binary_request_delete* req = binary_get_request(c);
    char* key = binary_get_key(c);
    size_t nkey = c->binary_header.request.keylen;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        char buffer[1024];
        if (key_to_printable_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd, true,
                                    "DELETE", key, nkey) != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s\n", buffer);
        }
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->remove(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                               ntohll(req->message.header.request.cas),
                               c->binary_header.request.vbucket);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_delete(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        write_bin_response(c, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_EEXISTS, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_KEY_ENOENT, 0);
        break;
    case ENGINE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_NOT_MY_VBUCKET, 0);
        break;
    default:
        write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_EINVAL, 0);
    }
}

static void complete_nread_binary(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->cmd >= 0);

    switch (c->substate) {
    case bin_reading_set_header:
        if (c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_APPEND ||
            c->cmd == PROTOCOL_BINARY_CMD_PREPEND) {
            process_bin_append_prepend(c);
        } else {
            process_bin_update(c);
        }
        break;
    case bin_read_set_value:
        complete_update_bin(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_get_key:
        process_bin_get(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_stat:
        process_bin_stat(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_del_header:
        process_bin_delete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_incr_header:
        complete_incr_bin(c);
        break;
    case bin_read_flush_exptime:
        process_bin_flush(c);
        break;
    case bin_read_flush_prefix_exptime:
        process_bin_flush_prefix(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sasl_auth:
        process_bin_sasl_auth(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sasl_auth_data:
        process_bin_complete_sasl_auth(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_getattr:
        process_bin_getattr(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_setattr:
        process_bin_setattr(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_lop_create:
        process_bin_lop_create(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_lop_prepare_nread:
        process_bin_lop_prepare_nread(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_lop_nread_complete:
        process_bin_lop_nread_complete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_lop_delete:
        process_bin_lop_delete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_lop_get:
        process_bin_lop_get(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sop_create:
        process_bin_sop_create(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sop_prepare_nread:
        process_bin_sop_prepare_nread(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sop_nread_complete:
        process_bin_sop_nread_complete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_sop_get:
        process_bin_sop_get(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_create:
        process_bin_bop_create(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_prepare_nread:
        process_bin_bop_prepare_nread(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_nread_complete:
        process_bin_bop_nread_complete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_update_prepare_nread:
        process_bin_bop_update_prepare_nread(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_update_nread_complete:
        process_bin_bop_update_complete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_delete:
        process_bin_bop_delete(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_get:
        process_bin_bop_get(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_count:
        process_bin_bop_count(c);
        break;
#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
    case bin_reading_bop_prepare_nread_keys:
        process_bin_bop_prepare_nread_keys(c);
        break;
    case bin_reading_bop_nread_keys_complete:
        process_bin_bop_nread_keys_complete(c);
        break;
#endif
    case bin_reading_packet:
        process_bin_unknown_packet(c);
        break;
    default:
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                "Not handling substate %d\n", c->substate);
        abort();
    }
}

static int try_read_command_binary(conn *c)
{
    /* Do we have the complete packet header? */
    if (c->rbytes < sizeof(c->binary_header)) {
        /* need more data! */
        return 0;
    }

#ifdef NEED_ALIGN
    if (((long)(c->rcurr)) % 8 != 0) {
        /* must realign input buffer */
        memmove(c->rbuf, c->rcurr, c->rbytes);
        c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
        if (settings.verbose > 1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                    "%d: Realign input buffer\n", c->sfd);
        }
    }
#endif

    protocol_binary_request_header* req;
    req = (protocol_binary_request_header*)c->rcurr;

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        /* Dump the packet before we convert it to host order */
        char buffer[1024];
        size_t nw;
        nw = bytes_to_output_string(buffer, sizeof(buffer), c->sfd,
                                    true, "Read binary protocol data:",
                                    (const char*)req->bytes,
                                    sizeof(req->bytes));
        if (nw != -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, "%s", buffer);
        }
    }

    c->binary_header = *req;
    c->binary_header.request.keylen = ntohs(req->request.keylen);
    c->binary_header.request.bodylen = ntohl(req->request.bodylen);
    c->binary_header.request.vbucket = ntohs(req->request.vbucket);
    c->binary_header.request.cas = ntohll(req->request.cas);

    if (c->binary_header.request.magic != PROTOCOL_BINARY_REQ) {
        if (settings.verbose) {
            if (c->binary_header.request.magic != PROTOCOL_BINARY_RES) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                        "%d: Invalid magic:  %x\n", c->sfd,
                        c->binary_header.request.magic);
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                        "%d: ERROR: Unsupported response packet received: %u\n",
                        c->sfd, (unsigned int)c->binary_header.request.opcode);
            }
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        return 1;
    }

    c->msgcurr = 0;
    c->msgused = 0;
    c->iovused = 0;
    int ret = add_msghdr(c);
    assert(ret == 0);

    c->cmd = c->binary_header.request.opcode;
    c->keylen = c->binary_header.request.keylen;
    c->opaque = c->binary_header.request.opaque;
    /* clear the returned cas value */
    c->cas = 0;

    dispatch_bin_command(c);

    c->rbytes -= sizeof(c->binary_header);
    c->rcurr += sizeof(c->binary_header);

    assert(c->rcurr <= (c->rbuf + c->rsize));

    return 1;
}

static void reset_cmd_handler(conn *c)
{
    c->ascii_cmd = NULL;
    c->cmd = -1;
    c->substate = bin_no_state;
    if (c->item != NULL) {
        mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->item);
        c->item = NULL;
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (c->lq_result) {
        lqdetect_result_release(c->lq_result);
        c->lq_result = NULL;
    }
#endif
    if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
        conn_coll_eitem_free(c);
        c->coll_eitem = NULL;
    }
    if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
        assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
        mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
        c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
    }
    conn_shrink(c);
    if (c->rbytes > 0) {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_parse_cmd);
    } else {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_waiting);
    }
}

static bool ascii_response_handler(const void *cookie,
                                   int nbytes, const char *dta)
{
    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    if (!grow_dynamic_buffer(c, nbytes)) {
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                    "<%d ERROR: Failed to allocate memory for response\n", c->sfd);
        }
        return false;
    }

    char *buf = c->dynamic_buffer.buffer + c->dynamic_buffer.offset;
    memcpy(buf, dta, nbytes);
    c->dynamic_buffer.offset += nbytes;
    return true;
}

static void complete_nread_ascii(conn *c)
{
    if (c->ascii_cmd != NULL) {
        if (!c->ascii_cmd->execute(c->ascii_cmd->cookie, c, 0, NULL,
                                   ascii_response_handler)) {
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        } else {
            if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer != NULL) {
                write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer,
                               c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
                c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
            } else {
                conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
            }
        }
    } else {
        complete_update_ascii(c);
    }
}

static void complete_nread(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->protocol == ascii_prot || c->protocol == binary_prot);

    if (c->protocol == ascii_prot) {
        complete_nread_ascii(c);
    } else {
        complete_nread_binary(c);
    }
}

#define COMMAND_TOKEN 0
#define SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN 1
#define PREFIX_TOKEN 1
#define KEY_TOKEN 1
#define LOP_KEY_TOKEN 2
#define SOP_KEY_TOKEN 2
#define MOP_KEY_TOKEN 2
#define BOP_KEY_TOKEN 2

#define MAX_TOKENS 30

static void
print_invalid_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    /* To understand this function's implementation,
     * You must know how the command is tokenized.
     * See tokenize_command().
     */
    if (ntokens >= 2) {
        int i;
        /* make single string */
        for (i = 0; i < (ntokens-2); i++) {
            tokens[i].value[tokens[i].length] = ' ';
        }
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c, "[%s] INVALID_COMMAND: %s\n",
                       c->client_ip, tokens[0].value);
        /* restore the tokens */
        for (i = 0; i < (ntokens-2); i++) {
            tokens[i].value[tokens[i].length] = '\0';
        }
    }
}

/* set up a connection to write a buffer then free it, used for stats */
static void write_and_free(conn *c, char *buf, int bytes)
{
    assert(buf != NULL);
    c->write_and_free = buf;
    c->wcurr = buf;
    c->wbytes = bytes;
    conn_set_state(c, conn_write);
    c->write_and_go = conn_new_cmd;
}

#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
static inline int set_smget_mode_maybe(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    int mode_index = ntokens - 2;
    int mode_value = 0;

    if (tokens[mode_index].value) {
        if (strcmp(tokens[mode_index].value, "duplicate") == 0)
            mode_value = 1;
        else if (strcmp(tokens[mode_index].value, "unique") == 0)
            mode_value = 2;
    }
    return mode_value;
}
#else
static inline bool set_unique_maybe(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    int unique_index = ntokens - 2;

    if (tokens[unique_index].value
        && strcmp(tokens[unique_index].value, "unique") == 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
#endif

static inline void set_noreply_maybe(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    char *token_value = tokens[ntokens-2].value;

    /*
      NOTE: this function is not the first place where we are going to
      send the reply.  We could send it instead from process_command_ascii()
      if the request line has wrong number of tokens.  However parsing
      malformed line for "noreply" option is not reliable anyway, so
      it can't be helped.
    */
    if (token_value && strcmp(token_value, "noreply") == 0) {
        c->noreply = true;
    } else {
        c->noreply = false;
    }
}

static inline void set_pipe_noreply_maybe(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    char *token_value = tokens[ntokens-2].value;

    /*
      NOTE: this function is not the first place where we are going to
      send the reply.  We could send it instead from process_command_ascii()
      if the request line has wrong number of tokens.  However parsing
      malformed line for "noreply" or "pipe" option is not reliable anyway,
      so it can't be helped.
    */
    if (token_value) {
        if (strcmp(token_value, "noreply") == 0) {
            c->noreply = true;
        } else if (strcmp(token_value, "pipe") == 0) {
            c->noreply = true;
            if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_OFF) /* first pipe */
                c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_ON;
        } else {
            c->noreply = false;
        }
    } else {
        c->noreply = false;
    }
}

static inline void set_pipe_maybe(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    char *token_value = tokens[ntokens-2].value;

    /*
      NOTE: this function is not the first place where we are going to
      send the reply.  We could send it instead from process_command_ascii()
      if the request line has wrong number of tokens.  However parsing
      malformed line for "pipe" option is not reliable anyway,
      so it can't be helped.
    */
    if (token_value && strcmp(token_value, "pipe") == 0) {
        c->noreply = true;
        if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_OFF) /* first pipe */
            c->pipe_state = PIPE_STATE_ON;
    } else {
        c->noreply = false;
    }
}

static bool check_and_handle_pipe_state(conn *c)
{
    if (c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_OFF || c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ON) {
        return true;
    } else {
        assert(c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ERR_CFULL ||
               c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ERR_MFULL ||
               c->pipe_state == PIPE_STATE_ERR_BAD);
        if (c->noreply) {
            c->noreply = false; /* reset noreply */
        } else  {
            /* The last command of pipelining has come here. */
            pipe_state_clear(c); /* the end of pipelining */
        }
        return false;
    }
}

void append_stat(const char *name, ADD_STAT add_stats, conn *c,
                 const char *fmt, ...)
{
    char val_str[STAT_VAL_LEN];
    int vlen;
    va_list ap;

    assert(name);
    assert(add_stats);
    assert(c);
    assert(fmt);

    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vlen = vsnprintf(val_str, sizeof(val_str) - 1, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    add_stats(name, strlen(name), val_str, vlen, c);
}

inline static void process_stats_detail(conn *c, const char *command)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (settings.allow_detailed) {
        if (strcmp(command, "on") == 0) {
            settings.detail_enabled = 1;
            out_string(c, "OK");
        }
        else if (strcmp(command, "off") == 0) {
            settings.detail_enabled = 0;
            out_string(c, "OK");
        }
        else if (strcmp(command, "dump") == 0) {
            int len;
            char *stats = stats_prefix_dump(NULL, 0, &len);
            if (stats == NULL) {
                out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR no more memory");
                return;
            }
            write_and_free(c, stats, len);
        }
        else {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR usage: stats detail on|off|dump");
        }
    } else {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR detailed stats disabled");
    }
}

static void process_stats_cachedump(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *buf = NULL;
    unsigned int bytes = 0;
    unsigned int id;
    unsigned int limit = 0;
    bool forward = true;
    bool sticky = false;
    bool valid = false;

    do {
        if (ntokens < 5 || ntokens > 7) break;
        if (!safe_strtoul(tokens[2].value, &id)) break;
        if (!safe_strtoul(tokens[3].value, &limit)) break;
        if (ntokens >= 6) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[4].value, "forward")==0) forward = true;
            else if (strcmp(tokens[4].value, "backward")==0) forward = false;
            else break;
        }
        if (ntokens == 7) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[5].value, "sticky")==0) sticky = true;
            else break;
        }
        valid = true;
    } while(0);

    if (valid == false) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    if (id > POWER_LARGEST) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR Illegal slab id");
        return;
    }

    if (limit == 0)  limit = 50;
    if (limit > 200) limit = 200;

    buf = mc_engine.v1->cachedump(mc_engine.v0, c, id, limit,
                                  forward, sticky, &bytes);
    if (buf != NULL) {
        write_and_free(c, buf, bytes);
    } else {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing stats");
    }
}

static void aggregate_callback(void *in, void *out)
{
    struct thread_stats *out_thread_stats = out;
    struct thread_stats *in_thread_stats = in;
    threadlocal_stats_aggregate(in_thread_stats, out_thread_stats);
}

/* return server specific stats only */
static void server_stats(ADD_STAT add_stats, conn *c, bool aggregate)
{
    pid_t pid = getpid();
    rel_time_t now = get_current_time();

    struct thread_stats thread_stats;
    threadlocal_stats_clear(&thread_stats);

    if (aggregate && mc_engine.v1->aggregate_stats != NULL) {
        mc_engine.v1->aggregate_stats(mc_engine.v0, (const void *)c,
                                      aggregate_callback, &thread_stats);
    } else {
        threadlocal_stats_aggregate(default_thread_stats, &thread_stats);
    }

#ifndef __WIN32__
    struct rusage usage;
    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
#endif

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    arcus_hb_stats hb_stats;
    arcus_hb_get_stats(&hb_stats);
#endif

    LOCK_STATS();

    APPEND_STAT("pid", "%lu", (long)pid);
    APPEND_STAT("uptime", "%u", now);
    APPEND_STAT("time", "%ld", now + (long)process_started);
    APPEND_STAT("version", "%s", VERSION);
    APPEND_STAT("libevent", "%s", event_get_version());
    APPEND_STAT("pointer_size", "%d", (int)(8 * sizeof(void *)));
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    APPEND_STAT("hb_count", "%"PRIu64, hb_stats.count);
    APPEND_STAT("hb_latency", "%"PRIu64, hb_stats.latency);
#endif

#ifndef __WIN32__
    append_stat("rusage_user", add_stats, c, "%ld.%06ld",
                (long)usage.ru_utime.tv_sec,
                (long)usage.ru_utime.tv_usec);
    append_stat("rusage_system", add_stats, c, "%ld.%06ld",
                (long)usage.ru_stime.tv_sec,
                (long)usage.ru_stime.tv_usec);
#endif

    APPEND_STAT("daemon_connections", "%u", mc_stats.daemon_conns);
    APPEND_STAT("curr_connections", "%u", mc_stats.curr_conns);
    APPEND_STAT("quit_connections", "%u", mc_stats.quit_conns);
    APPEND_STAT("reject_connections", "%u", mc_stats.rejected_conns);
    APPEND_STAT("total_connections", "%u", mc_stats.total_conns);
    APPEND_STAT("connection_structures", "%u", mc_stats.conn_structs);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_get", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_get);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_set", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_set);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_incr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_incr);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_decr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_decr);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_delete", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_delete);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_cas", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_cas);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_flush", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_flush);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_flush_prefix", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_flush_prefix);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_auth", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_auth);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_lop_create", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_lop_create);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_lop_insert", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_lop_insert);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_lop_delete", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_lop_delete);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_lop_get", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_lop_get);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_sop_create", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_sop_create);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_sop_insert", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_sop_insert);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_sop_delete", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_sop_delete);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_sop_get", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_sop_get);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_sop_exist", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_sop_exist);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_mop_create", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_mop_create);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_mop_insert", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_mop_insert);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_mop_update", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_mop_update);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_mop_delete", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_mop_delete);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_mop_get", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_mop_get);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_create", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_create);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_insert", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_insert);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_update", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_update);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_delete", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_delete);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_get", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_get);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_count", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_count);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_position", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_position);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_pwg", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_pwg);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_gbp", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_gbp);
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_mget", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_mget);
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_smget", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_smget);
#endif
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_incr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_incr);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_bop_decr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_bop_decr);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_getattr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_getattr);
    APPEND_STAT("cmd_setattr", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cmd_setattr);
    APPEND_STAT("get_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.get_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("get_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.get_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("incr_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.incr_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("incr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.incr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("decr_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.decr_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("decr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.decr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("delete_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.delete_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("delete_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.delete_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("cas_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cas_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("cas_badval", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cas_badval);
    APPEND_STAT("cas_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.cas_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("auth_errors", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.auth_errors);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_create_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_create_oks);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_insert_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_insert_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_insert_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_insert_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_delete_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_delete_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_delete_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_delete_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_delete_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_delete_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_get_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_get_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_get_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_get_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("lop_get_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.lop_get_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_create_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_create_oks);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_insert_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_insert_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_insert_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_insert_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_delete_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_delete_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_delete_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_delete_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_delete_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_delete_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_get_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_get_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_get_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_get_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_get_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_get_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_exist_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_exist_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("sop_exist_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.sop_exist_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_create_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_create_oks);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_insert_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_insert_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_insert_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_insert_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_update_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_update_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_update_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_update_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_update_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_update_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_delete_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_delete_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_delete_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_delete_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_delete_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_delete_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_get_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_get_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_get_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_get_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("mop_get_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.mop_get_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_create_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_create_oks);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_insert_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_insert_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_insert_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_insert_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_update_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_update_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_update_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_update_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_update_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_update_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_delete_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_delete_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_delete_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_delete_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_delete_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_delete_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_get_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_get_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_get_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_get_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_get_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_get_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_count_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_count_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_count_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_count_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_position_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_position_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_position_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_position_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_position_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_position_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_pwg_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_pwg_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_pwg_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_pwg_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_pwg_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_pwg_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_gbp_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_gbp_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_gbp_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_gbp_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_gbp_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_gbp_none_hits);
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
    APPEND_STAT("bop_mget_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_mget_oks);
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
    APPEND_STAT("bop_smget_oks", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_smget_oks);
#endif
    APPEND_STAT("bop_incr_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_incr_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_incr_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_incr_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_incr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_incr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_decr_elem_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_decr_elem_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_decr_none_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_decr_none_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("bop_decr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bop_decr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("getattr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.getattr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("getattr_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.getattr_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("setattr_misses", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.setattr_misses);
    APPEND_STAT("setattr_hits", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.setattr_hits);
    APPEND_STAT("stat_prefixes", "%"PRIu64, stats_prefix_count());
    APPEND_STAT("bytes_read", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bytes_read);
    APPEND_STAT("bytes_written", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.bytes_written);
    APPEND_STAT("limit_maxbytes", "%"PRIu64, settings.maxbytes);
    APPEND_STAT("limit_maxconns", "%d", settings.maxconns);
    APPEND_STAT("threads", "%d", settings.num_threads);
    APPEND_STAT("conn_yields", "%"PRIu64, thread_stats.conn_yields);
    UNLOCK_STATS();
}

static void process_stats_settings(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c)
{
    assert(add_stats);
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    arcus_hb_confs hb_confs;
    arcus_hb_get_confs(&hb_confs);
#endif
    APPEND_STAT("maxbytes", "%llu", (unsigned long long)settings.maxbytes);
    APPEND_STAT("maxconns", "%d", settings.maxconns);
    APPEND_STAT("tcpport", "%d", settings.port);
    APPEND_STAT("udpport", "%d", settings.udpport);
    APPEND_STAT("sticky_limit", "%llu", (unsigned long long)settings.sticky_limit);
    APPEND_STAT("inter", "%s", settings.inter ? settings.inter : "NULL");
    APPEND_STAT("verbosity", "%d", settings.verbose);
    APPEND_STAT("oldest", "%lu", (unsigned long)settings.oldest_live);
    APPEND_STAT("evictions", "%s", settings.evict_to_free ? "on" : "off");
    APPEND_STAT("domain_socket", "%s",
                settings.socketpath ? settings.socketpath : "NULL");
    APPEND_STAT("umask", "%o", settings.access);
    APPEND_STAT("growth_factor", "%.2f", settings.factor);
    APPEND_STAT("chunk_size", "%d", settings.chunk_size);
    APPEND_STAT("num_threads", "%d", settings.num_threads);
    APPEND_STAT("stat_key_prefix", "%c", settings.prefix_delimiter);
    APPEND_STAT("detail_enabled", "%s",
                settings.detail_enabled ? "yes" : "no");
    APPEND_STAT("allow_detailed", "%s",
                settings.allow_detailed ? "yes" : "no");
    APPEND_STAT("reqs_per_event", "%d", settings.reqs_per_event);
    APPEND_STAT("cas_enabled", "%s", settings.use_cas ? "yes" : "no");
    APPEND_STAT("tcp_backlog", "%d", settings.backlog);
    APPEND_STAT("binding_protocol", "%s",
                prot_text(settings.binding_protocol));
#ifdef SASL_ENABLED
    APPEND_STAT("auth_enabled_sasl", "%s", "yes");
#else
    APPEND_STAT("auth_enabled_sasl", "%s", "no");
#endif

#ifdef ENABLE_ISASL
    APPEND_STAT("auth_sasl_engine", "%s", "isasl");
#elif defined(ENABLE_SASL)
    APPEND_STAT("auth_sasl_engine", "%s", "cyrus");
#else
    APPEND_STAT("auth_sasl_engine", "%s", "none");
#endif
    APPEND_STAT("auth_required_sasl", "%s", settings.require_sasl ? "yes" : "no");
    APPEND_STAT("item_size_max", "%llu", settings.item_size_max);
    APPEND_STAT("max_list_size", "%u", settings.max_list_size);
    APPEND_STAT("max_set_size", "%u", settings.max_set_size);
    APPEND_STAT("max_map_size", "%u", settings.max_map_size);
    APPEND_STAT("max_btree_size", "%u", settings.max_btree_size);
    APPEND_STAT("max_element_bytes", "%u", settings.max_element_bytes);
    APPEND_STAT("scrub_count", "%u", settings.scrub_count);
    APPEND_STAT("topkeys", "%d", settings.topkeys);
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    APPEND_STAT("hb_timeout", "%u", hb_confs.timeout);
    APPEND_STAT("hb_failstop", "%u", hb_confs.failstop);
#endif

    for (EXTENSION_DAEMON_DESCRIPTOR *ptr = settings.extensions.daemons;
         ptr != NULL;
         ptr = ptr->next) {
        APPEND_STAT("extension", "%s", ptr->get_name());
    }

    APPEND_STAT("logger", "%s", mc_logger->get_name());

    for (EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR *ptr = settings.extensions.ascii;
         ptr != NULL;
         ptr = ptr->next) {
        APPEND_STAT("ascii_extension", "%s", ptr->get_name(ptr->cookie));
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
static void process_stats_zookeeper(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c)
{
    assert(add_stats);
    arcus_zk_confs zk_confs;
    arcus_zk_stats zk_stats;
    arcus_zk_get_confs(&zk_confs);
    arcus_zk_get_stats(&zk_stats);

    APPEND_STAT("zk_libversion", "%s", zk_confs.zk_libversion);
    APPEND_STAT("zk_timeout", "%u", zk_confs.zk_timeout);
    APPEND_STAT("zk_failstop", "%s", zk_confs.zk_failstop ? "on" : "off");
    APPEND_STAT("zk_connected", "%s", zk_stats.zk_connected ? "true" : "false");
    APPEND_STAT("zk_ready", "%s", zk_stats.zk_ready ? "true" : "false");
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_RECONFIG
    APPEND_STAT("zk_reconfig_needed", "%s", zk_stats.zk_reconfig_needed ? "on" : "off");
    if (zk_stats.zk_reconfig_needed) {
        APPEND_STAT("zk_reconfig_enabled", "%s", zk_stats.zk_reconfig_enabled ? "on" : "off");
        APPEND_STAT("zk_reconfig_version", "%" PRIx64, zk_stats.zk_reconfig_version);
    }
#endif
}
#endif

static void process_stats_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL && ntokens >= 2);
    const char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;

    if (ntokens == 2) {
        server_stats(&append_ascii_stats, c, false);
        (void)mc_engine.v1->get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, 0,
                                      &append_ascii_stats);
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "reset") == 0) {
        stats_reset(c);
        out_string(c, "RESET");
        return;
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "detail") == 0) {
        /* NOTE: how to tackle detail with binary? */
        if (ntokens < 4)
            process_stats_detail(c, "");  /* outputs the error message */
        else
            process_stats_detail(c, tokens[2].value);
        /* Output already generated */
        return;
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "settings") == 0) {
        process_stats_settings(&append_ascii_stats, c);
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "zookeeper") == 0) {
        process_stats_zookeeper(&append_ascii_stats, c);
#endif
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "cachedump") == 0) {
        process_stats_cachedump(c, tokens, ntokens);
        return;
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "aggregate") == 0) {
        server_stats(&append_ascii_stats, c, true);
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "topkeys") == 0) {
        if (default_topkeys == NULL) {
            out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
            return;
        }
        topkeys_stats(default_topkeys, c, get_current_time(), append_ascii_stats);
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "prefixes") == 0) {
        int len;
        char *stats = mc_engine.v1->prefix_dump_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, 0, &len);
        if (stats == NULL) {
            if (len == -1)
                out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
            else
                out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR no more memory");
            return;
        }
        write_and_free(c, stats, len);
        return; /* Output already generated */
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "prefixlist") == 0) {
        int len;
        char *stats;
        token_t *prefixes = ntokens > 4 ? &tokens[3] : NULL;
        size_t nprefixes = ntokens > 4 ? ntokens-4 : 0;

        if (ntokens < 4) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR subcommand(item|operation) is required");
            return;
        } else if (strcmp(tokens[2].value, "item") == 0) {
            stats = mc_engine.v1->prefix_dump_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, prefixes, nprefixes, &len);
        } else if (strcmp(tokens[2].value, "operation") == 0) {
            stats = stats_prefix_dump(prefixes, nprefixes, &len);
        } else {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (stats == NULL) {
            if (len == -1)
                out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
            else
                out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR no more memory");
            return;
        }
        write_and_free(c, stats, len);
        return; /* Output already generated */
    } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "prefix") == 0) {
        /* command: stats prefix <prefix>\r\n */
        if (ntokens != 4) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (tokens[2].length > PREFIX_MAX_LENGTH) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too long prefix name");
            return;
        }
        if (strcmp(tokens[2].value, "<null>") == 0) { /* reserved keyword */
            (void)mc_engine.v1->prefix_get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, 0,
                                                 append_ascii_stats);
            stats_prefix_get(NULL, 0, append_ascii_stats, c);
        } else {
            (void)mc_engine.v1->prefix_get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c,
                                                 tokens[2].value, tokens[2].length,
                                                 append_ascii_stats);
            stats_prefix_get(tokens[2].value, tokens[2].length, append_ascii_stats, c);
        }
    } else {
        /* getting here means that the subcommand is either engine specific or
           is invalid. query the engine and see. */
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        int nb;
        char buf[1024];

        nb = detokenize(&tokens[1], ntokens - 2, buf, 1024);
        if (nb <= 0) {
            /* no matching stat */
            ret = ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT;
        } else {
            ret = mc_engine.v1->get_stats(mc_engine.v0, c, buf, nb,
                                          append_ascii_stats);
        }

        switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            append_ascii_stats(NULL, 0, NULL, 0, c);
            if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer != NULL) {
                write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer, c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
                c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
            } else {
                out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing stats");
            }
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing stats");
            break;
        case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
            out_string(c, "ERROR no matching stat");
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
            break;
        }
        return;
    }

    /* append terminator and start the transfer */
    append_ascii_stats(NULL, 0, NULL, 0, c);

    if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer == NULL) {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing stats");
    } else {
        write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer, c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
        c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
    }
}

/* ntokens is overwritten here... shrug.. */
static inline void process_get_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens, bool return_cas)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    token_t *key_token = &tokens[KEY_TOKEN];
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        while (key_token->length != 0) {
            if (key_token->length > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
                ret = ENGINE_EINVAL; break;
            }
            /* do get operation for each key */
            ret = process_get_single(c, key_token->value, key_token->length,
                                     return_cas);
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
                break; /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
            }
            key_token++;
        }
        if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) break;

        /* If the command string hasn't been fully processed, get the next set of tokens. */
        if (key_token->value != NULL) {
            /* The next reserved token has the length of untokenized command. */
            ntokens = tokenize_command(key_token->value, (key_token+1)->length,
                                       tokens, MAX_TOKENS);
            key_token = tokens;
        }
    } while(key_token->value != NULL);

    /* Some items and suffixes might have saved in the above execution.
     * To release the items and free the suffixes, the below code is needed.
     */
    c->icurr = c->ilist;
    c->suffixcurr = c->suffixlist;

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Releasing items on ilist and freeing suffixes will be
         * performed later by calling out_string() function.
         * See conn_write() and conn_mwrite() state.
         */
        if (ret == ENGINE_EINVAL)
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        else /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        return;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c, ">%d END\n", c->sfd);
    }

    /* If the loop was terminated because of out-of-memory, it is not
     * reliable to add END\r\n to the buffer, because it might not end
     * in \r\n. So we send SERVER_ERROR instead.
     */
    if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
    } else {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr = 0;
    }
}

static void process_prepare_nread_keys(conn *c, uint32_t vlen, uint32_t kcnt, bool return_cas)
{
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    /* allocate memory blocks needed */
    if (mblck_list_alloc(&c->thread->mblck_pool, 1, vlen, &c->memblist) < 0) {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_strkeys = (void*)&c->memblist;
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK, vlen);
        c->coll_op = (return_cas ? OPERATION_MGETS : OPERATION_MGET);
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        c->sbytes = vlen;
        c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
    }
}

static inline void process_mget_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens, bool return_cas)
{
    uint32_t lenkeys, numkeys;

    if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN+1].value, &lenkeys)) ||
        (! safe_strtoul(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN+2].value, &numkeys)) ||
        (lenkeys > (UINT_MAX-2)) || (lenkeys == 0) || (numkeys == 0)) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    if (numkeys > MAX_MGET_KEY_COUNT ||
        numkeys > ((lenkeys/2) + 1) ||
        lenkeys > ((numkeys*KEY_MAX_LENGTH) + numkeys-1)) {
        /* ENGINE_EBADVALUE */
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        c->sbytes = lenkeys + 2;
        c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
        return;
    }
    lenkeys += 2;

    c->coll_numkeys = numkeys;
    c->coll_lenkeys = lenkeys;

    process_prepare_nread_keys(c, lenkeys, numkeys, return_cas);
}

static void process_update_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens,
                                   ENGINE_STORE_OPERATION store_op, bool handle_cas)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *key;
    size_t nkey;
    unsigned int flags;
    int64_t exptime=0;
    int vlen;
    uint64_t req_cas_id=0;
    item *it;

    set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

    key = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].value;
    nkey = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].length;
    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[2].value, (uint32_t *)&flags)) ||
        (! safe_strtoll(tokens[3].value, &exptime)) ||
        (! safe_strtol(tokens[4].value, (int32_t *)&vlen)) ||
        (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2)))
    {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    vlen += 2;

    // does cas value exist?
    if (handle_cas) {
        if (!safe_strtoull(tokens[5].value, &req_cas_id)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
    }

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_set(key, nkey);
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->allocate(mc_engine.v0, c, &it, key, nkey, vlen,
                                 htonl(flags), realtime(exptime), req_cas_id);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
            mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR error getting item data");
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        } else {
            c->item = it;
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_HINFO, vlen);
            c->store_op = store_op;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
        }
    } else {
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR object too large for cache");
        } else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory storing object");
        } else {
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }

    if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* Avoid stale data persisting in cache because we failed alloc.
         * Unacceptable for SET. Anywhere else too?
         */
        if (store_op == OPERATION_SET) {
            /* set temporarily noreply for the ASYNC interface */
            /* noreply flag is cleared in out_string() if it was set */
            assert(c->noreply == false);
            c->noreply = true;
            mc_engine.v1->remove(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, 0, 0);
            c->noreply = false;
        }

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* swallow the data line */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            if (c->state == conn_write) {
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void process_arithmetic_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens,
                                       const bool incr)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    uint64_t delta;
    char *key;
    size_t nkey;

    set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

    key = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].value;
    nkey = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].length;
    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    if (!safe_strtoull(tokens[2].value, &delta)) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid numeric delta argument");
        return;
    }

    bool create = false;
    unsigned int flags  = 0;
    int64_t exptime = 0;
    uint64_t init_value = 0;

    if (ntokens >= 7) {
        if (! (safe_strtoul(tokens[3].value, (uint32_t *)&flags)
               && safe_strtoll(tokens[4].value, &exptime)
               && safe_strtoull(tokens[5].value, &init_value))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        create = true;
    }

    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        if (incr) stats_prefix_record_incr(key, nkey);
        else      stats_prefix_record_decr(key, nkey);
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    uint64_t cas;
    uint64_t result;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->arithmetic(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                   incr, create, delta, init_value,
                                   htonl(flags), realtime(exptime),
                                   &cas, &result, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);

    char temp[INCR_MAX_STORAGE_LEN];
    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_HITS(c, incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_HITS(c, decr, key, nkey);
        }
        snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "%"PRIu64, result);
        out_string(c, temp);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_MISSES(c, incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_MISSES(c, decr, key, nkey);
        }
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, incr);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, decr);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_EINVAL)
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR cannot increment or decrement non-numeric value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME)
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_NOT_STORED)
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR failed to store item");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)
            out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_delete_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key;
    size_t nkey;

    if (ntokens > 3) {
        /* See "delete <key> [<time>] [noreply]\r\n" */
        bool zero_time = strcmp(tokens[KEY_TOKEN+1].value, "0") == 0;
        set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((ntokens >= 6) ||
            (ntokens == 5 && (!zero_time || !c->noreply)) ||
            (ntokens == 4 && (!zero_time && !c->noreply)))
        {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format.  "
                          "Usage: delete <key> [noreply]");
            return;
        }
    }

    key = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].value;
    nkey = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].length;
    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->remove(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, 0, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_delete(key, nkey);
    }

    /* For some reason the SLAB_INCR tries to access this... */
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        STATS_HITS(c, delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "DELETED");
    } else if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) {
        STATS_MISSES(c, delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
    } else {
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, delete);
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_flush_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens, bool flush_all)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    int64_t exptime = 0; /* default delay value */
    bool delay_flag;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

    if (flush_all) {
        /* flush_all [<delay>] [noreply]\r\n */
        delay_flag = (ntokens == (c->noreply ? 4 : 3));
    } else {
        /* flush_prefix <prefix> [<delay>] [noreply]\r\n */
        if (tokens[PREFIX_TOKEN].length > PREFIX_MAX_LENGTH) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too long prefix name");
            return;
        }
        delay_flag = (ntokens == (c->noreply ? 5 : 4));
    }
    if (delay_flag) {
        int delay_idx = (flush_all ? 1 : 2);
        if (! safe_strtoll(tokens[delay_idx].value, &exptime) || exptime < 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
    }

    if (flush_all) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->flush(mc_engine.v0, c, NULL, -1, realtime(exptime));
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);

        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, flush);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            out_string(c, "OK");
        } else {
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    } else { /* flush_prefix */
        char *prefix = tokens[PREFIX_TOKEN].value;
        int nprefix = tokens[PREFIX_TOKEN].length;
        if (nprefix == 6 && strncmp(prefix, "<null>", 6) == 0) {
            /* flush null prefix */
            prefix = NULL;
            nprefix = 0;
        }

        ret = mc_engine.v1->flush(mc_engine.v0, c, prefix, nprefix, realtime(exptime));
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);

        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENOENT) {
                if (stats_prefix_delete(prefix, nprefix) == 0) { /* found */
                    ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
        }

        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, flush_prefix);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            out_string(c, "OK");
        } else {
            if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
            else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
        }
    }
}

static void process_maxconns_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    int new_max;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[32];
        sprintf(buf, "maxconns %d\r\nEND", settings.maxconns);
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtol(tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value, &new_max)) {
        struct rlimit rlim;
        int curr_conns;
        int extra_nfiles = ADMIN_MAX_CONNECTIONS + ZK_CONNECTIONS;
        if (settings.port != 0) {
            extra_nfiles += 2;
        }
        if (settings.udpport != 0) {
            extra_nfiles += settings.num_threads * 2;
        }
        LOCK_STATS();
        curr_conns = mc_stats.curr_conns;
        UNLOCK_STATS();
        if (new_max + extra_nfiles < (int)(curr_conns * 1.1) || new_max + extra_nfiles > 1000000) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR the value is out of range");
            return;
        }
        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) != 0) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR failed to get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
            return;
        }
        if ((rlim.rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY) && (new_max + extra_nfiles > (int)rlim.rlim_cur)) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR cannot change to the maxconns over the soft limit");
            return;
        }
        LOCK_SETTING();
        settings.maxconns = new_max;
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        out_string(c, "END");
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
static void process_zkfailstop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "zkfailstop %s\r\nEND", arcus_zk_get_failstop() ? "on" : "off");
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4) {
        const char *config = tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN+2].value;
        bool zkfailstop;
        if (strcmp(config, "on") == 0)
            zkfailstop = true;
        else if (strcmp(config, "off") == 0)
            zkfailstop = false;
        else {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
            return;
        }
        arcus_zk_set_failstop(zkfailstop);
        out_string(c, "END");
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_hbtimeout_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    unsigned int hbtimeout;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "hbtimeout %d\r\nEND", arcus_hb_get_timeout());
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value, &hbtimeout)) {
        if (arcus_hb_set_timeout((int)hbtimeout) == 0)
            out_string(c, "END");
        else
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_hbfailstop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    unsigned int hbfailstop;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "hbfailstop %d\r\nEND", arcus_hb_get_failstop());
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value, &hbfailstop)) {
        if (arcus_hb_set_failstop((int)hbfailstop) == 0)
            out_string(c, "END");
        else
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}
#endif

static void process_memlimit_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    unsigned int mlimit;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "memlimit %u\r\nEND", (unsigned int)(settings.maxbytes / (1024 * 1024)));
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &mlimit)) {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        size_t new_maxbytes = (size_t)mlimit * 1024 * 1024;
        LOCK_SETTING();
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&new_maxbytes);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            settings.maxbytes = new_maxbytes;
        }
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
static void process_stickylimit_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    unsigned int sticky_limit;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "sticky_limit %u\r\nEND", (unsigned int)(settings.sticky_limit / (1024 * 1024)));
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &sticky_limit)) {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        size_t new_sticky_limit = (size_t)sticky_limit * 1024 * 1024;
        LOCK_SETTING();
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&new_sticky_limit);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            settings.sticky_limit = new_sticky_limit;
        }
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}
#endif

static void process_maxcollsize_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens,
                                        int coll_type)
{
    assert(c != NULL && coll_type != ITEM_TYPE_KV);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    int32_t maxsize;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        switch (coll_type) {
        case ITEM_TYPE_LIST:
            sprintf(buf, "max_list_size %u\r\nEND", settings.max_list_size);
            break;
        case ITEM_TYPE_SET:
            sprintf(buf, "max_set_size %u\r\nEND", settings.max_set_size);
            break;
        case ITEM_TYPE_MAP:
            sprintf(buf, "max_map_size %u\r\nEND", settings.max_map_size);
            break;
        case ITEM_TYPE_BTREE:
            sprintf(buf, "max_btree_size %u\r\nEND", settings.max_btree_size);
            break;
        }
        out_string(c, buf);
    }
    else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtol(config_val, &maxsize)) {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

        LOCK_SETTING();
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&maxsize);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            switch (coll_type) {
            case ITEM_TYPE_LIST:
                settings.max_list_size = maxsize;
                break;
            case ITEM_TYPE_SET:
                settings.max_set_size = maxsize;
                break;
            case ITEM_TYPE_MAP:
                settings.max_map_size = maxsize;
                break;
            case ITEM_TYPE_BTREE:
                settings.max_btree_size = maxsize;
                break;
            }
        }
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
    else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_maxelembytes_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    uint32_t new_maxelembytes;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "max_element_bytes %u\r\nEND", settings.max_element_bytes);
        out_string(c, buf);
    }
    else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &new_maxelembytes)) {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        LOCK_SETTING();
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&new_maxelembytes);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
           settings.max_element_bytes = new_maxelembytes;
        }
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
    else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_scrubcount_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    uint32_t new_scrub_count;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[32];
        sprintf(buf, "scrub_count %u\r\nEND", settings.scrub_count);
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &new_scrub_count)) {
        ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
        LOCK_SETTING();
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&new_scrub_count);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            settings.scrub_count = new_scrub_count;
        }
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_verbosity_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    unsigned int level;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        char buf[50];
        sprintf(buf, "verbosity %d\r\nEND", settings.verbose);
        out_string(c, buf);
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &level)) {
        if (level > MAX_VERBOSITY_LEVEL) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR cannot change the verbosity over the limit");
            return;
        }
        LOCK_SETTING();
        mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&level);
        settings.verbose = level;
        perform_callbacks(ON_LOG_LEVEL, NULL, NULL);
        UNLOCK_SETTING();
        out_string(c, "END");
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_PERSISTENCE
static void process_chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    unsigned int chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot",
                                       (void*)&chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            char buf[50];
            sprintf(buf, "chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot %u\r\nEND", (unsigned int)chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot);
            out_string(c, buf);
        } else {
            out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
        }
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot)) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_chkpt_interval_min_logsize_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    unsigned int chkpt_interval_min_logsize;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "chkpt_interval_min_logsize",
                                       (void*)&chkpt_interval_min_logsize);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            char buf[50];
            sprintf(buf, "chkpt_interval_min_logsize %u\r\nEND", (unsigned int)chkpt_interval_min_logsize);
            out_string(c, buf);
        } else {
            out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
        }
    } else if (ntokens == 4 && safe_strtoul(config_val, &chkpt_interval_min_logsize)) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&chkpt_interval_min_logsize);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_async_logging_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *config_val = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
    bool  async_logging;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "async_logging", (void*)&async_logging);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            char buf[50];
            sprintf(buf, "async_logging %s\r\nEND", (bool)async_logging ? "on" : "off");
            out_string(c, buf);
        } else {
            out_string(c, "NOT_SUPPORTED");
        }
    } else if (ntokens == 4) {
        bool new_async_logging;
        if (strcmp(config_val, "on") == 0)
            new_async_logging = true;
        else if (strcmp(config_val, "off") == 0)
            new_async_logging = false;
        else {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
            return;
        }
        ret = mc_engine.v1->set_config(mc_engine.v0, c, config_key, (void*)&new_async_logging);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS)        out_string(c, "END");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    } else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}
#endif

static void process_config_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *config_key = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;

    if (ntokens < 3 || ntokens > 4) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    if (strcmp(config_key, "maxconns") == 0) {
        process_maxconns_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "memlimit") == 0) {
        process_memlimit_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "max_list_size") == 0) {
        process_maxcollsize_command(c, tokens, ntokens, ITEM_TYPE_LIST);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "max_set_size") == 0) {
        process_maxcollsize_command(c, tokens, ntokens, ITEM_TYPE_SET);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "max_map_size") == 0) {
        process_maxcollsize_command(c, tokens, ntokens, ITEM_TYPE_MAP);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "max_btree_size") == 0) {
        process_maxcollsize_command(c, tokens, ntokens, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "max_element_bytes") == 0) {
        process_maxelembytes_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "scrub_count") == 0) {
        process_scrubcount_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "zkfailstop") == 0) {
        process_zkfailstop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "hbtimeout") == 0) {
        process_hbtimeout_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "hbfailstop") == 0) {
        process_hbfailstop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "sticky_limit") == 0) {
        process_stickylimit_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "verbosity") == 0) {
        process_verbosity_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#ifdef ENABLE_PERSISTENCE
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot") == 0) {
        process_chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "chkpt_interval_min_logsize") == 0) {
        process_chkpt_interval_min_logsize_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if (strcmp(config_key, "async_logging") == 0) {
        process_async_logging_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
    else {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
static void process_zkensemble_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    bool valid = false;

    if (!arcus_zk_initalized()) {
        out_string(c, "ERROR not using ZooKeeper");
        return;
    }

    if (ntokens == 3) {
        if (strcmp(subcommand, "get") == 0) {
            char buf[1024];
            if (arcus_zk_get_ensemble(buf, sizeof(buf)-16) != 0) {
                out_string(c, "ERROR failed to get the ensemble address");
            } else {
                strcat(buf, "\r\n\n");
                out_string(c, buf);
            }
            valid = true;
        } else if (strcmp(subcommand, "rejoin") == 0) {
            if (arcus_zk_rejoin_ensemble() != 0) {
                out_string(c, "ERROR failed to rejoin ensemble");
            } else {
                out_string(c, "Successfully rejoined");
            }
            valid = true;
        }
    } else if (ntokens == 4) {
        if (strcmp(subcommand, "set") == 0) {
            /* The ensemble is a comma separated list of host:port addresses.
             * host1:port1,host2:port2,...
             */
            if (arcus_zk_set_ensemble(tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value) != 0) {
                out_string(c, "ERROR failed to set the new ensemble address (check logs)");
            } else {
                out_string(c, "OK");
            }
            valid = true;
        }
    }
    if (valid == false) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}
#endif

static void process_dump_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *modestr;
    char *filepath;
    char *prefix = NULL;
    int  nprefix = -1; /* all prefixes */
    bool valid = false;

    /* dump ascii command
     * dump start <mode> [<prefix>] filepath\r\n
     *   <mode> : key
     * dump stop\r\n
     */
    if (ntokens == 3) {
        if (memcmp(subcommand, "stop", 4) == 0) {
            modestr = filepath = NULL;
            valid = true;
        }
    } else if (ntokens == 5 || ntokens == 6) {
        if (memcmp(subcommand, "start", 5) == 0) {
            modestr = tokens[2].value;
            if (ntokens == 5) {
                filepath = tokens[3].value;
            } else {
                prefix = tokens[3].value;
                nprefix = tokens[3].length;
                if (nprefix > PREFIX_MAX_LENGTH) {
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too long prefix name");
                    return;
                }
                if (nprefix == 6 && strncmp(prefix, "<null>", 6) == 0) {
                    /* dump null prefix */
                    prefix = NULL;
                    nprefix = 0;
                }
                filepath = tokens[4].value;
            }
            valid = true;
        }
    }
    if (valid == false) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->dump(mc_engine.v0, c, subcommand, modestr,
                             prefix, nprefix, filepath);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        out_string(c, "OK");
    } else if (ret == ENGINE_FAILED) {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR failed. refer to the reason in server log.");
    } else {
        handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_help_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *type = tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;

    if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "kv") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "set|add|replace <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes> [noreply]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "append|prepend <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes> [noreply]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "cas <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes> <cas unique> [noreply]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "get <key>[ <key> ...]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "gets <key>[ <key> ...]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "mget <lenkeys> <numkeys>\\r\\n<\"space separated keys\">\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "incr|decr <key> <delta> [<flags> <exptime> <initial>] [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "delete <key> [<time>] [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        );
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "list") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "lop create <key> <attributes> [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lop insert <key> <index> <bytes> [create <attributes>] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lop delete <key> <index or range> [drop] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lop get <key> <index or range> [delete|drop]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "* <attributes> : <flags> <exptime> <maxcount> [<ovflaction>] [unreadable]" "\n"
        );
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "set") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "sop create <key> <attributes> [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "sop insert <key> <bytes> [create <attributes>] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "sop delete <key> <bytes> [drop] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "sop get <key> <count> [delete|drop]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "sop exist <key> <bytes> [pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "* <attributes> : <flags> <exptime> <maxcount> [<ovflaction>] [unreadable]" "\n"
        );
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "map") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "mop create <key> <attributes> [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "mop insert <key> <field> <bytes> [create <attributes>] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "mop update <key> <field> <bytes> [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "mop delete <key> <lenfields> <numfields> [drop] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n[<\"space separated fields\">]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "mop get <key> <lenfields> <numfields> [delete|drop]\\r\\n[<\"space separated fields\">]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "* <attributes> : <flags> <exptime> <maxcount> [<ovflaction>] [unreadable]" "\n"
        );
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "btree") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "bop create <key> <attributes> [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop insert|upsert <key> <bkey> [<eflag>] <bytes> [create <attributes>] [noreply|pipe|getrim]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop update <key> <bkey> [<eflag_update>] <bytes> [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n<data>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop delete <key> <bkey or \"bkey range\"> [<eflag_filter>] [<count>] [drop] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop get <key> <bkey or \"bkey range\"> [<eflag_filter>] [[<offset>] <count>] [delete|drop]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop count <key> <bkey or \"bkey range\"> [<eflag_filter>] \\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop incr|decr <key> <bkey> <delta> [<initial> [<eflag>]] [noreply|pipe]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop mget <lenkeys> <numkeys> <bkey or \"bkey range\"> [<eflag_filter>] [<offset>] <count>\\r\\n<\"space separated keys\">\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop smget <lenkeys> <numkeys> <bkey or \"bkey range\"> [<eflag_filter>] <count> [duplicate|unique]\\r\\n<\"space separated keys\">\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop position <key> <bkey> <order>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop pwg <key> <bkey> <order> [<count>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "bop gbp <key> <order> <position or \"position range\">\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "* <attributes> : <flags> <exptime> <maxcount> [<ovflaction>] [unreadable]" "\n"
        "\t" "* <eflag_update> : [<fwhere> <bitwop>] <fvalue>" "\n"
        "\t" "* <eflag_filter> : <fwhere> [<bitwop> <foperand>] <compop> <fvalue>" "\n"
        "\t" "                 : <fwhere> [<bitwop> <foperand>] EQ|NE <comma separated fvalue list>" "\n"
        "\t" "* <bitwop> : &, |, ^" "\n"
        "\t" "* <compop> : EQ, NE, LT, LE, GT, GE" "\n"
        );
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "attr") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "getattr <key> [<attribute name> ...]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "setattr <key> <name>=<value> [<name>=value> ...]\\r\\n" "\n"
        );
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "scan") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "scan key <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>] [type <type>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "scan prefix <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        );
#endif
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "admin") == 0) {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "flush_all [<delay>] [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "flush_prefix <prefix> [<delay>] [noreply]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "scrub [stale]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "stats\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats settings\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats items\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats slabs\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats prefixes\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats detail [on|off|dump]\\r\\n" "\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
        "\t" "stats zookeeper\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
        "\t" "stats scrub\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats dump\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats cachedump <slab_clsid> <limit> [forward|backward [sticky]]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "stats reset\\r\\n" "\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_PERSISTENCE
        "\t" "stats persistence\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
        "\n"
        "\t" "cmdlog start [<file_path>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "cmdlog stop\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "cmdlog stats\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
        "\n"
        "\t" "lqdetect start [<detect_threshold>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lqdetect stop\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lqdetect show\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "lqdetect stats\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
        "\n"
        "\t" "dump start <mode> [<prefix>] <filepath>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "  * <mode> : key" "\n"
        "\t" "dump stop\\r\\n" "\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
        "\n"
        "\t" "zkensemble set <ensemble_list>\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "zkensemble get\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "zkensemble rejoin\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
        "\n"
        "\t" "config verbosity [<verbose>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config memlimit [<memsize(MB)>]\\r\\n" "\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
        "\t" "config sticky_limit [<stickylimit(MB)>]\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
        "\t" "config maxconns [<maxconn>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config max_list_size [<maxsize>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config max_set_size [<maxsize>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config max_map_size [<maxsize>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config max_btree_size [<maxsize>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config max_element_bytes [<maxbytes>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config scrub_count [<count>]\\r\\n" "\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
        "\t" "config hbtimeout [<hbtimeout>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config hbfailstop [<hbfailstop>]\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\t" "config zkfailstop [on|off]\\r\\n" "\n"
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_PERSISTENCE
        "\t" "config chkpt_interval_pct_snapshot [<percentage(%)>]\r\n"
        "\t" "config chkpt_interval_min_logsize [<minsize(MB)>]\r\n"
        "\t" "config async_logging [on|off]\r\n"
#endif
        "\n"
        "\t" "ready\\r\\n" "\n"
        "\n"
        "\t" "shutdown [seconds]\\r\\n" "\n"
        );
    } else {
        char *cmd_types[] = { "kv", "list", "set", "map", "btree", "attr",
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
                              "scan",
#endif
                              "admin", NULL };
        int cmd_index;
        char buffer[256];
        char *ptr = &buffer[0];

        ptr += sprintf(ptr, "\tUsage: help [");
        cmd_index = 0;
        while (cmd_types[cmd_index]) {
            ptr += sprintf(ptr, "%s | ", cmd_types[cmd_index]);
            cmd_index += 1;
        }
        ptr -= 3; // remove the last " | " string
        ptr += sprintf(ptr, "]\n");
        out_string(c, buffer);
    }
}

static void process_extension_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR *cmd;
    size_t nbytes = 0;
    char *ptr;

    if (ntokens > 0) {
        if (ntokens == MAX_TOKENS) {
            out_string(c, "ERROR too many arguments");
            return;
        }
        if (tokens[ntokens - 1].length == 0) {
            --ntokens;
        }
    }
    /* ntokens must be larger than 0 in order to avoid segfault in the next for statement. */
    if (ntokens == 0) {
        out_string(c, "ERROR no arguments");
        return;
    }

    for (cmd = settings.extensions.ascii; cmd != NULL; cmd = cmd->next) {
        if (cmd->accept(cmd->cookie, c, ntokens, tokens, &nbytes, &ptr)) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (cmd == NULL) {
        out_string(c, "ERROR no matching command");
        return;
    }
    if (nbytes == 0) {
        if (!cmd->execute(cmd->cookie, c, ntokens, tokens,
                          ascii_response_handler)) {
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        } else {
            if (c->dynamic_buffer.buffer != NULL) {
                write_and_free(c, c->dynamic_buffer.buffer,
                               c->dynamic_buffer.offset);
                c->dynamic_buffer.buffer = NULL;
            } else {
                conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
            }
        }
    } else {
        c->ritem = ptr;
        c->rlbytes = nbytes;
        c->rltotal = 0;
        c->ascii_cmd = cmd;
        /* NOT SUPPORTED YET! */
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    }
}

#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
/* scan command limits */
#define SCAN_COUNT_MAX           2000
#define SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH   31
/* pattern constraints is necessary to prevent string_pattern_match()
 * from taking a long time to compare string.
 */
#define SCAN_PATTERN_MAX_STARCNT 4
#define SCAN_PATTERN_MAX_LENGTH  64
static bool scan_validate_pattern(char *pattern)
{
    int starcnt = 0;
    int patlen = strlen(pattern);
    if (patlen <= 0 || patlen > SCAN_PATTERN_MAX_LENGTH) {
        return false;
    }
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < patlen; i++) {
        if (pattern[i] == '\\') { /* backslash next is glob (*, ?, \\) ? */
            if (i == (patlen-1)) break; /* invalid, ex) 'aaa\', '\\\' */
            if (pattern[i+1] != '*' && pattern[i+1] != '?' && pattern[i+1] != '\\') break; /* invalid */
            i++; /* skip the next character */
        }
        else if (pattern[i] == '*') { /* except normal star(\*) */
            if (++starcnt > SCAN_PATTERN_MAX_STARCNT) break; /* invalid */
        }
    }
    if (i < patlen) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static bool scan_validate_type(char *type_str, ENGINE_ITEM_TYPE *ittype)
{
    if (strlen(type_str) != 1) {
        return false;
    }
    switch (type_str[0]) {
        case 'A':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_MAX; /* all item type */
            break;
        case 'K':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_KV;
            break;
        case 'L':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_LIST;
            break;
        case 'S':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_SET;
            break;
        case 'M':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_MAP;
            break;
        case 'B':
            *ittype = ITEM_TYPE_BTREE;
            break;
        default:
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

#define KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH + 24
#define KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH 18

#define PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH + 28
#define PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH 64

static void process_prefixscan_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    /* prefixscan command format : scan prefix <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>] */
    char     cursor[SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH+1];
    uint32_t count   = 20;
    char    *pattern = NULL;

    /* read <cursor> */
    if (tokens[2].length > SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad cursor value");
        return;
    }
    strcpy(cursor, tokens[2].value);

    /* read optional fields (<count>, <pattern>) */
    int i = 0;
    int optcnt = ntokens - 4; /* except (scan, prefix, <cursor>, CRLF) */
    char *err_response = NULL;
    while (optcnt >= 2) {
        char *optk = tokens[3+i].value;
        char *optv = tokens[4+i].value;
        if (strcmp(optk, "count") == 0) {
            if (!safe_strtoul(optv, &count) ||
                count == 0                  ||
                count > SCAN_COUNT_MAX) {
                err_response = "CLIENT_ERROR bad count value";
                break;
            }
        } else if (strcmp(optk, "match") == 0) {
            if (!scan_validate_pattern(optv)) {
                err_response = "CLIENT_ERROR bad pattern string";
                break;
            }
            pattern = optv;
        } else {
            break;
        }
        optcnt -= 2;
        i += 2;
    }
    if (err_response != NULL) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, err_response);
        return;
    }

    if (optcnt != 0) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    int need_size = count + 100; /* may scan more than count in engine. */
    if (need_size > c->isize) {
        int new_size = c->isize * 2;
        while (need_size > new_size) {
            new_size *= 2;
        }
        item **new_list = malloc(sizeof(item *) * new_size);
        if (new_list == NULL) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory.");
            return;
        }
        free(c->ilist);
        c->ilist = new_list;
        c->isize = new_size;
    }

    int item_count = 0;
    /* call engine prefixscan API */
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = mc_engine.v1->prefixscan(cursor, count, pattern, c->ilist, c->isize, &item_count);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        char *response = NULL;
        do {
            response = (char*)malloc(PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH +
                                     (PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH * item_count));
            if (response == NULL) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            char *header = response;
            sprintf(header, "PREFIXES %d %s\r\n", item_count, cursor);
            if (add_iov(c, header, strlen(header)) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            char *attrptr = response + PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH;
            for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
                item *it = (item *)c->ilist[i];
                prefix_info pinfo;
                if (!mc_engine.v1->get_prefix_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &pinfo)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                sprintf(attrptr, " %llu %llu %04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d\r\n",
                        (unsigned long long)pinfo.total_item_count, (unsigned long long)pinfo.total_item_bytes,
                        pinfo.create_time.tm_year+1900, pinfo.create_time.tm_mon+1, pinfo.create_time.tm_mday,
                        pinfo.create_time.tm_hour, pinfo.create_time.tm_min, pinfo.create_time.tm_sec);
                if (add_iov(c, pinfo.name, pinfo.name_length) != 0 ||
                    add_iov(c, attrptr, strlen(attrptr)) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                attrptr += PREFIXSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH;
            }
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) break;
            if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            }
        } while (0);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            c->pcurr = c->ilist;
            c->pleft = item_count;
            c->write_and_free = response;
        } else {
            for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
                mc_engine.v1->prefix_release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->ilist[i]);
            }
            if (response != NULL) {
                free(response);
                response = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
            c->msgcurr = 0;
            break;
        case ENGINE_EINVAL:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid cursor.");
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory.");
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
            break;
    }
}

static void process_keyscan_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    /* keyscan command format : scan key <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>] [type <type>] */
    char     cursor[SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH+1];
    uint32_t count   = 20;
    char    *pattern = NULL;
    ENGINE_ITEM_TYPE ittype = ITEM_TYPE_MAX; /* all item type */

    /* read <cursor> */
    if (tokens[2].length > SCAN_CURSOR_MAX_LENGTH) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad cursor value");
        return;
    }
    strcpy(cursor, tokens[2].value);

    /* read optional fields (<count>, <pattern>, <type>) */
    int i = 0;
    int optcnt = ntokens - 4; /* except (scan, key, <cursor>, CRLF) */
    char *err_response = NULL;
    while (optcnt >= 2) {
        char *optk = tokens[3+i].value;
        char *optv = tokens[4+i].value;
        if (strcmp(optk, "count") == 0) {
            if (!safe_strtoul(optv, &count) ||
                count == 0                  ||
                count > SCAN_COUNT_MAX) {
                err_response = "CLIENT_ERROR bad count value";
                break;
            }
        } else if (strcmp(optk, "match") == 0) {
            if (!scan_validate_pattern(optv)) {
                err_response = "CLIENT_ERROR bad pattern string";
                break;
            }
            pattern = optv;
        } else if (strcmp(optk, "type") == 0) {
            if (!scan_validate_type(optv, &ittype)) {
                err_response = "CLIENT_ERROR bad item type";
                break;
            }
        } else {
            break;
        }
        optcnt -= 2;
        i += 2;
    }
    if (err_response != NULL) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, err_response);
        return;
    }

    if (optcnt != 0) {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    int need_size = count + 100; /* may scan more than count in engine. */
    if (need_size > c->isize) {
        int new_size = c->isize * 2;
        while (need_size > new_size) {
            new_size *= 2;
        }
        item **new_list = malloc(sizeof(item *) * new_size);
        if (new_list == NULL) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory.");
            return;
        }
        free(c->ilist);
        c->ilist = new_list;
        c->isize = new_size;
    }

    int item_count = 0;
    /* call engine keyscan API */
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = mc_engine.v1->keyscan(cursor, count, pattern, ittype, c->ilist, c->isize, &item_count);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        char *response = NULL;
        do {
            response = (char*)malloc(KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH +
                                     (KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH * item_count));
            if (response == NULL) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            char *header = response;
            sprintf(header, "KEYS %d %s\r\n", item_count, cursor);
            if (add_iov(c, header, strlen(header)) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            char *attrptr = response + KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_HEADER_MAX_LENGTH;
            for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
                item *it = (item *)c->ilist[i];
                if (!mc_engine.v1->get_item_info(mc_engine.v0, c, it, &c->hinfo)) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                sprintf(attrptr, " %c %d\r\n",
                        get_item_type_char(c->hinfo.type),
                        lefttime(c->hinfo.exptime));
                if (add_iov(c, c->hinfo.key, c->hinfo.nkey) != 0 ||
                    add_iov(c, attrptr, strlen(attrptr)) != 0) {
                    ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
                }
                attrptr += KEYSCAN_RESPONSE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH;
            }
            if (ret != ENGINE_SUCCESS) break;
            if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            }
        } while (0);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            c->icurr = c->ilist;
            c->ileft = item_count;
            c->write_and_free = response;
        } else {
            c->ileft = 0;
            for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
                mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, c->ilist[i]);
            }
            if (response != NULL) {
                free(response);
                response = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    switch (ret) {
        case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
            conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
            c->msgcurr = 0;
            break;
        case ENGINE_EINVAL:
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid cursor.");
            break;
        case ENGINE_ENOMEM:
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory.");
            break;
        default:
            handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
            break;
    }
}

static void process_scan_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    /* keyscan command format : scan key <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>] [type <type>] */
    if (strcmp(tokens[1].value, "key") == 0) {
        process_keyscan_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        return;
    }

    /* prefixscan command format : scan prefix <cursor> [count <count>] [match <pattern>] */
    if (strcmp(tokens[1].value, "prefix") == 0) {
        process_prefixscan_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        return;
    }

    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
}
#endif

#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
static void process_cmdlog_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    char *type = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    bool already_check = false;

    if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "start") == 0) {
        char *fpath = NULL;
        if (ntokens > 3) {
            fpath = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value;
        }
        int ret = cmdlog_start(fpath, &already_check);
        if (already_check) {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging already started.\n");
            return;
        }
        if (ret == 0) {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging started.\n");
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging failed to start.\n");
        }
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "stop") == 0) {
        cmdlog_stop(&already_check);
        if (already_check) {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging already stopped.\n");
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging stopped.\n");
        }
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "stats") == 0) {
        char *str = cmdlog_stats();
        if (str) {
            write_and_free(c, str, strlen(str));
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tcommand logging failed to get stats memory.\n");
        }
    } else {
        out_string(c, "\t* Usage: cmdlog [start [path] | stop | stats]\n");
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
static void process_lqdetect_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    char *type = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    bool already_check = false;

    if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "start") == 0) {
        uint32_t threshold = 0;
        if (ntokens > 3) {
            if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN+1].value, &threshold)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }
        int ret = lqdetect_start(threshold, &already_check);
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (already_check) {
                out_string(c, "\tlong query detection already started.\n");
            } else {
                out_string(c, "\tlong query detection started.\n");
            }
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tlong query detection failed to start.\n");
        }
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "stop") == 0) {
        lqdetect_stop(&already_check);
        if (already_check) {
            out_string(c, "\tlong query detection already stopped.\n");
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tlong query detection stopped.\n");
        }
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "show") == 0) {
        int size, i;
        c->lq_result = lqdetect_result_get(&size);
        if (c->lq_result == NULL) {
            out_string(c, "SERVER ERROR out of memory");
            return;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (add_iov(c, c->lq_result[i].value, c->lq_result[i].length) != 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i < size) {
            lqdetect_result_release(c->lq_result);
            c->lq_result = NULL;
            out_string(c, "SERVER ERROR out of memory writing show response");
            return;
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr = 0;
    } else if (ntokens > 2 && strcmp(type, "stats") == 0) {
        char *str = lqdetect_stats();
        if (str) {
            write_and_free(c, str, strlen(str));
        } else {
            out_string(c, "\tlong query detection failed to get stats memory.\n");
        }
    } else {
        out_string(c,
        "\t" "* Usage: lqdetect [start [threshold] | stop | show | stats]" "\n"
        );
    }
}
#endif

static void process_shutdown_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, size_t ntokens)
{
    int32_t delay;

    if (memcached_shutdown > 0 && shutdown_delay < 1000) {
        out_string(c, "DENIED");
        return;
    }

    if (ntokens == 2) {
        delay = 2;
        dynamic_shutdown = true;
    } else {
        if (! safe_strtol(tokens[1].value, &delay)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        } else if (delay < 0 || delay > 600) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid arguments");
            return;
        }
        dynamic_shutdown = false;
    }
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                   "shutdown scheduled (time=%d, dynamic=%d)\n", (int)delay, dynamic_shutdown);
    shutdown_delay = delay * 1000;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&shutdown_lock);
    if (memcached_shutdown == 0) {
        memcached_shutdown = 1;
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
    out_string(c, "OK");
}

static inline int get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(token_t *tokens, const int ntokens,
                                                   int coll_type, item_attr *attrp)
{
    assert(coll_type==ITEM_TYPE_LIST || coll_type==ITEM_TYPE_SET ||
           coll_type==ITEM_TYPE_MAP || coll_type==ITEM_TYPE_BTREE);
    int64_t exptime;

    /* create attributes: flags, exptime, maxcount, ovflaction, unreadable */
    /* support arcus 1.5 backward compatibility. */
    if (ntokens < 1 || ntokens > 5) return -1;
    //if (ntokens < 3 || ntokens > 5) return -1;

    /* flags */
    if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[0].value, &attrp->flags)) return -1;
    attrp->flags = htonl(attrp->flags);

    /* exptime */
    if (ntokens >= 2) {
        if (! safe_strtoll(tokens[1].value, &exptime)) return -1;
    } else {
        exptime = 0; /* default value */
    }
    attrp->exptime = realtime(exptime);

    /* maxcount */
    if (ntokens >= 3) {
        if (! safe_strtol(tokens[2].value, &attrp->maxcount)) return -1;
    } else {
        attrp->maxcount = 0; /* default value */
    }

    attrp->ovflaction = 0; /* undefined : will be set to default later */
    attrp->readable   = 1; /* readable = on */

    if (ntokens >= 4) {
        if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "error") == 0) {
            attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_ERROR;
        } else {
            if (coll_type == ITEM_TYPE_LIST) {
                if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "head_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_HEAD_TRIM;
                else if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "tail_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_TAIL_TRIM;
            }
            else if (coll_type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE) {
                if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "smallest_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_SMALLEST_TRIM;
                else if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "largest_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_LARGEST_TRIM;
                else if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "smallest_silent_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_SMALLEST_SILENT_TRIM;
                else if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "largest_silent_trim") == 0)
                    attrp->ovflaction = OVFL_LARGEST_SILENT_TRIM;
            }
        }
        if (attrp->ovflaction != 0) { /* defined */
            if (ntokens == 5) {
                if (strcmp(tokens[4].value, "unreadable") != 0) return -1;
                attrp->readable = 0;
            }
        } else { /* undefined */
            if (ntokens == 5) return -1; /* ovflaction must be defined */
            else { /* ntokens == 4 */
                if (strcmp(tokens[3].value, "unreadable") != 0) return -1;
                attrp->readable = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_lop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    char    *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char    *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                  + (elem_count * (UINT32_STR_LENG+2)); /* response body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u %u\r\n", htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            sprintf(respptr, "%u ", c->einfo.nbytes-2);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += strlen(respptr);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (delete) {
            sprintf(respptr, "%s\r\n", (eresultp->dropped ? "DELETED_DROPPED" : "DELETED"));
        } else {
            sprintf(respptr, "END\r\n");
        }
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_LOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        assert(elem_array != NULL);
        mc_engine.v1->list_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_lop_get(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                            int32_t from_index, int32_t to_index,
                            bool delete, bool drop_if_empty)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                      from_index, to_index, delete, drop_if_empty,
                                      &eresult, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_lop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_lop_get(c->client_ip, key, eresult.elem_count,
                         from_index, to_index, delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_lop_get_response(c, delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_get);
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, lop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)    out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_lop_prepare_nread(conn *c, int cmd, size_t vlen,
                                      char *key, size_t nkey, int32_t index)
{
    eitem *elem;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if (vlen > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, vlen, &elem);
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_LIST, elem, &c->einfo);
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_LOP_INSERT;
        c->coll_index  = index;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_lop_insert(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)       out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* swallow the data line */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            if (c->state == conn_write) {
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void process_lop_create(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, item_attr *attrp)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, attrp, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_lop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, lop_create, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "CREATED");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)       out_string(c, "EXISTS");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_lop_delete(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                               int32_t from_index, int32_t to_index, bool drop_if_empty)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    uint32_t del_count;
    bool     dropped;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->list_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                         from_index, to_index, drop_if_empty,
                                         &del_count, &dropped, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_lop_delete(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_lop_delete(c->client_ip, key, del_count,
                            from_index, to_index, drop_if_empty);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        if (dropped) out_string(c, "DELETED_DROPPED");
        else         out_string(c, "DELETED");
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, lop_delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, lop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static inline int get_list_range_from_str(char *str, int32_t *from_index, int32_t *to_index)
{
    char *delimiter = strstr(str, "..");
    if (delimiter != NULL) { /* range */
        *delimiter = '\0';
        if (! (safe_strtol(str, from_index) &&
               safe_strtol(delimiter + 2, to_index))) {
            *delimiter = '.';
            return -1;
        }
        *delimiter = '.';
    } else { /* single index */
        if (! (safe_strtol(str, from_index)))
            return -1;
        *to_index = *from_index;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void process_lop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *key = tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN].length;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 13) && (strcmp(subcommand,"insert") == 0))
    {
        int32_t index, vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &index)) ||
            (! safe_strtol(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        int read_ntokens = LOP_KEY_TOKEN + 3;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 2) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "create") != 0 ||
                get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens+1], rest_ntokens-1,
                                                 ITEM_TYPE_LIST, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
        } else {
            if (rest_ntokens != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_lop_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_LOP_INSERT, vlen, key, nkey, index);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 7 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "create") == 0))
    {
        set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        int read_ntokens = LOP_KEY_TOKEN+1;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                             ITEM_TYPE_LIST, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space;
        process_lop_create(c, key, nkey, c->coll_attrp);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 7) && (strcmp(subcommand, "delete") == 0))
    {
        int32_t from_index, to_index;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if (get_list_range_from_str(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &from_index, &to_index)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (ntokens >= 6) {
            if (ntokens == 7 || c->noreply == false) {
                drop_if_empty = (strcmp(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "drop") == 0);
            }
            if ((ntokens == 6 && (c->noreply == false && drop_if_empty == false)) ||
                (ntokens == 7 && (c->noreply == false || drop_if_empty == false))) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_lop_delete(c, key, nkey, from_index, to_index, drop_if_empty);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens==5 || ntokens==6) && (strcmp(subcommand, "get") == 0))
    {
        int32_t from_index, to_index;
        bool delete = false;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;

        if (get_list_range_from_str(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &from_index, &to_index)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (ntokens == 6) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "delete")==0) {
                delete = true;
            } else if (strcmp(tokens[LOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "drop")==0) {
                delete = true;
                drop_if_empty = true;
            } else {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        process_lop_get(c, key, nkey, from_index, to_index, delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
    else
    {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_sop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    char    *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char    *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                + (elem_count * (UINT32_STR_LENG+2)); /* response body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u %u\r\n", htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            sprintf(respptr, "%u ", c->einfo.nbytes-2);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += strlen(respptr);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (delete) {
            sprintf(respptr, "%s\r\n", (eresultp->dropped ? "DELETED_DROPPED" : "DELETED"));
        } else {
            sprintf(respptr, "END\r\n");
        }
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_SOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->set_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_sop_get(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, uint32_t count,
                            bool delete, bool drop_if_empty)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                     count, delete, drop_if_empty,
                                     &eresult, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_sop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_sop_get(c->client_ip, key, eresult.elem_count,
                         count, delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_sop_get_response(c, delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_get);
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, sop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)    out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_sop_prepare_nread(conn *c, int cmd, size_t vlen, char *key, size_t nkey)
{
    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if (vlen > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        if (cmd == (int)OPERATION_SOP_INSERT) {
            ret = mc_engine.v1->set_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, vlen, &elem);
        } else { /* OPERATION_SOP_DELETE or OPERATION_SOP_EXIST */
            if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(sizeof(value_item) + vlen)) == NULL)
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
            else
                ((value_item*)elem)->len = vlen;
        }
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (cmd == (int)OPERATION_SOP_INSERT) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_SET, elem, &c->einfo);
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        } else {
            c->ritem = ((value_item *)elem)->ptr;
            c->rlbytes = vlen;
            c->rltotal = 0;
        }
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = cmd;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (cmd == (int)OPERATION_SOP_INSERT) {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
                stats_prefix_record_sop_insert(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_insert);
        } else if (cmd == (int)OPERATION_SOP_DELETE) {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
                stats_prefix_record_sop_delete(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_delete);
        } else {
            if (settings.detail_enabled)
                stats_prefix_record_sop_exist(key, nkey, false);
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_exist);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)       out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* swallow the data line */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            if (c->state == conn_write) {
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void process_sop_create(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, item_attr *attrp)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->set_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, attrp, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_sop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, sop_create, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "CREATED");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, sop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)       out_string(c, "EXISTS");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_sop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *key = tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN].length;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 12) && (strcmp(subcommand,"insert") == 0))
    {
        int32_t vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        int read_ntokens = SOP_KEY_TOKEN + 2;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 2) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "create") != 0 ||
                get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens+1], rest_ntokens-1,
                                                 ITEM_TYPE_SET, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
        } else {
            if (rest_ntokens != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_sop_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_SOP_INSERT, vlen, key, nkey);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 7 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "create") == 0))
    {
        set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        int read_ntokens = SOP_KEY_TOKEN+1;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                             ITEM_TYPE_SET, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space;
        process_sop_create(c, key, nkey, c->coll_attrp);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 7) && (strcmp(subcommand, "delete") == 0))
    {
        int32_t vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        c->coll_drop = false;
        if (ntokens >= 6) {
            if (ntokens == 7 || c->noreply == false) {
                c->coll_drop = (strcmp(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "drop")==0);
            }
            if ((ntokens == 6 && (c->noreply == false && c->coll_drop == false)) ||
                (ntokens == 7 && (c->noreply == false || c->coll_drop == false))) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_sop_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_SOP_DELETE, vlen, key, nkey);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens==5 || ntokens==6) && strcmp(subcommand, "exist") == 0)
    {
        int32_t vlen;

        set_pipe_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_sop_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_SOP_EXIST, vlen, key, nkey);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens==5 || ntokens==6) && (strcmp(subcommand, "get") == 0))
    {
        bool delete = false;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;
        uint32_t count = 0;

        if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &count)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (ntokens == 6) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "delete")==0) {
                delete = true;
            } else if (strcmp(tokens[SOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "drop")==0) {
                delete = true;
                drop_if_empty = true;
            } else {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        process_sop_get(c, key, nkey, count, delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
    else
    {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_get_response(conn *c, bool delete, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    int      resplen;
    char *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                + (elem_count * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2) + (MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2) + UINT32_STR_LENG+3)); /* response body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u %u\r\n", htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            resplen = make_bop_elem_response(respptr, &c->einfo);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (delete) {
            sprintf(respptr, "%s\r\n", (eresultp->dropped ? "DELETED_DROPPED" : "DELETED"));
        } else {
            sprintf(respptr, "%s\r\n", (eresultp->trimmed ? "TRIMMED" : "END"));
        }
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_GET;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_get(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                            const bkey_range *bkrange, const eflag_filter *efilter,
                            const uint32_t offset, const uint32_t count,
                            const bool delete, const bool drop_if_empty)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    struct elems_result eresult;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                       bkrange, efilter, offset, count,
                                       delete, drop_if_empty, &eresult, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_get(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_bop_get(c->client_ip, key, eresult.opcost_or_eindex,
                         bkrange, efilter, offset, count, delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bop_get_response(c, delete, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
            out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_EBKEYOOR:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_get, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT)    out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR) out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
        else                             out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_get);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)      out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)   out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_bop_count(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                              const bkey_range *bkrange, const eflag_filter *efilter)
{
    char buffer[32];
    uint32_t elem_count;
    uint32_t opcost; /* operation cost */

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_count(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                         bkrange, efilter,
                                         &elem_count, &opcost, 0);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_bop_count(key, nkey, (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS));
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_bop_count(c->client_ip, key, opcost, bkrange, efilter);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, bop_count, key, nkey);
        sprintf(buffer, "COUNT=%u", elem_count);
        out_string(c, buffer);
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_count, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_count);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)      out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_bop_position(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                                 const bkey_range *bkrange, ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order)
{
    char buffer[32];
    int position;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_posi_find(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                        bkrange, order, &position, 0);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_position(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_position, key, nkey);
        sprintf(buffer, "POSITION=%d", position);
        out_string(c, buffer);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_position, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_position, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_position);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)      out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_pwg_response(conn *c, int position, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    int      resplen;
    char    *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char    *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((4*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                  + (elem_count * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2) + (MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2) + UINT32_STR_LENG+3)); /* result body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %d %u %u %u\r\n", position, htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count,
                                                  eresultp->opcost_or_eindex);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            resplen = make_bop_elem_response(respptr, &c->einfo);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_PWG;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_pwg(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, const bkey_range *bkrange,
                            ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order, const uint32_t count)
{
    struct elems_result eresult;
    int position;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_posi_find_with_get(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                                 bkrange, order, count, &position,
                                                 &eresult, 0);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_pwg(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bop_pwg_response(c, position, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_pwg, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_pwg);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_pwg, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_pwg, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_pwg);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)      out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static ENGINE_ERROR_CODE
out_bop_gbp_response(conn *c, struct elems_result *eresultp)
{
    eitem  **elem_array = eresultp->elem_array;
    uint32_t elem_count = eresultp->elem_count;
    int      bufsize;
    int      resplen;
    char    *respbuf; /* response string buffer */
    char    *respptr;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    do {
        /* allocate response string buffer */
        bufsize = ((2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30) /* response head and tail size */
                  + (elem_count * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2) + (MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2) + UINT32_STR_LENG+3)); /* result body size */
        respbuf = (char*)malloc(bufsize);
        if (respbuf == NULL) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr = respbuf;

        /* make response head */
        sprintf(respptr, "VALUE %u %u\r\n", htonl(eresultp->flags), elem_count);
        if (add_iov(c, respptr, strlen(respptr)) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
        respptr += strlen(respptr);

        /* make response body */
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE,
                                        elem_array[i], &c->einfo);
            resplen = make_bop_elem_response(respptr, &c->einfo);
            if ((add_iov(c, respptr, resplen) != 0) ||
                (add_iov_einfo_ascii(c, &c->einfo) != 0))
            {
                ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
            }
            respptr += resplen;
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) break;

        /* make response tail */
        if (add_iov(c, "END\r\n", 5) != 0) {
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM; break;
        }
    } while(0);

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem_array;
        c->coll_ecount = elem_count;
        c->coll_resps  = respbuf;
        c->coll_op     = OPERATION_BOP_GBP;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_mwrite);
        c->msgcurr     = 0;
    } else { /* ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_release(mc_engine.v0, c, elem_array, elem_count);
        if (elem_array)
            free(elem_array);
        if (respbuf)
            free(respbuf);
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory writing get response");
    }
    return ret;
}

static void process_bop_gbp(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                            ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order,
                            uint32_t from_posi, uint32_t to_posi)
{
    struct elems_result eresult;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_get_by_posi(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                               order, from_posi, to_posi, &eresult, 0);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_gbp(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_bop_gbp(c->client_ip, key, eresult.elem_count,
                         from_posi, to_posi, order);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        ret = out_bop_gbp_response(c, &eresult);
        if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_gbp, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_gbp);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_gbp, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
    case ENGINE_UNREADABLE:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_gbp, key, nkey);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT) out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        else                          out_string(c, "UNREADABLE");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_gbp);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE) out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_bop_update_prepare_nread(conn *c, int cmd,
                                             char *key, size_t nkey, const int vlen)
{
    assert(cmd == (int)OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE);
    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if (vlen > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(sizeof(value_item) + vlen)) == NULL)
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        else
            ((value_item*)elem)->len = vlen;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->ritem   = ((value_item *)elem)->ptr;
        c->rlbytes = vlen;
        c->rltotal = 0;
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = cmd;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_bop_update(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_update);
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large value");
        else                     out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");

        /* swallow the data line */
        c->sbytes = vlen;
        if (c->state == conn_write) {
            c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
        } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
}

static void process_bop_prepare_nread(conn *c, int cmd, char *key, size_t nkey,
                                      const unsigned char *bkey, const int nbkey,
                                      const unsigned char *eflag, const int neflag,
                                      const int vlen)
{
    eitem *elem;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;

    if (vlen > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                             nbkey, neflag, vlen, &elem);
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, elem, &c->einfo);
        memcpy((void*)c->einfo.score, bkey, (c->einfo.nscore==0 ? sizeof(uint64_t) : c->einfo.nscore));
        if (c->einfo.neflag > 0)
            memcpy((void*)c->einfo.eflag, eflag, c->einfo.neflag);
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = cmd; /* OPERATION_BOP_INSERT | OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT */
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_bop_insert(key, nkey, false);
        }
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_insert);
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)       out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* swallow the data line */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            if (c->state == conn_write) {
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
}

#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
static void process_bop_prepare_nread_keys(conn *c, int cmd, uint32_t vlen, uint32_t kcnt)
{
    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    int need_size = 0;

#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
    if (cmd == OPERATION_BOP_MGET) {
        int bmget_count = c->coll_numkeys * c->coll_rcount;
        int eresult_array_size = c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(struct elems_result);
        int respon_hdr_size = c->coll_numkeys * ((UINT32_STR_LENG*2)+30);
        int respon_bdy_size = bmget_count * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2)+(MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2)+UINT32_STR_LENG+15);

        need_size = eresult_array_size + respon_hdr_size + respon_bdy_size;
    }
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
    if (cmd == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET) {
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
      if (c->coll_smgmode == 0) {
        int smget_count = c->coll_roffset + c->coll_rcount;
        int elem_array_size; /* elem pointer array where the found elements will be saved */
        int kmis_array_size; /* key index array where the missed key indexes are to be saved */
        int respon_hdr_size; /* the size of response head and tail */
        int respon_bdy_size; /* the size of response body */

        elem_array_size = smget_count * (sizeof(eitem*) + (2*sizeof(uint32_t)));
        kmis_array_size = c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(uint32_t);
        respon_hdr_size = (2*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 30; /* result head and tail size */
        respon_bdy_size = smget_count * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2)+(MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2)+(UINT32_STR_LENG*2)+5); /* result body size */

        need_size = elem_array_size + kmis_array_size + respon_hdr_size + respon_bdy_size;
      } else
#endif
      {
        int elem_array_size; /* smget element array size */
        int ehit_array_size; /* smget hitted elem array size */
        int emis_array_size; /* element missed keys array size */
        int respon_hdr_size; /* the size of response head and tail */
        int respon_bdy_size; /* the size of response body */

        elem_array_size = (c->coll_rcount + c->coll_numkeys) * sizeof(eitem*);
        ehit_array_size = c->coll_rcount * sizeof(smget_ehit_t);
        emis_array_size = c->coll_numkeys * sizeof(smget_emis_t);
        respon_hdr_size = (3*UINT32_STR_LENG) + 50; /* result head and tail size */
        respon_bdy_size = (c->coll_rcount * ((MAX_BKEY_LENG*2+2)+(MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2)+(UINT32_STR_LENG*2)+10))
                        + (c->coll_numkeys * ((MAX_EFLAG_LENG*2+2) + 5)); /* result body size */
        need_size = elem_array_size + ehit_array_size + emis_array_size
                  + respon_hdr_size + respon_bdy_size;
     }
    }
#endif
    assert(need_size > 0);

    if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(need_size)) == NULL) {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    } else {
        /* allocate memory blocks needed */
        if (mblck_list_alloc(&c->thread->mblck_pool, 1, vlen, &c->memblist) < 0) {
            free((void*)elem);
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        }
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_strkeys = (void*)&c->memblist;
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK, vlen);
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 0;
        c->coll_op = cmd;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
        if (cmd == OPERATION_BOP_MGET)
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_mget);
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
        if (cmd == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET)
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_smget);
#endif
        /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");

        /* swallow the data line */
        assert(c->state == conn_write);
        c->sbytes = vlen;
        c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
    }
}
#endif

static void process_bop_create(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, item_attr *attrp)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, attrp, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_bop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, bop_create, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "CREATED");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)       out_string(c, "EXISTS");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_bop_delete(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey,
                               bkey_range *bkrange, eflag_filter *efilter,
                               uint32_t count, bool drop_if_empty)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    uint32_t del_count;
    uint32_t acc_count; /* access count */
    bool     dropped;

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_delete(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                          bkrange, efilter, count, drop_if_empty,
                                          &del_count, &acc_count, &dropped, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        stats_prefix_record_bop_delete(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    if (lqdetect_in_use && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        lqdetect_bop_delete(c->client_ip, key, acc_count,
                            bkrange, efilter, count, drop_if_empty);
    }
#endif

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        if (dropped) out_string(c, "DELETED_DROPPED");
        else         out_string(c, "DELETED");
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, bop_delete, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_delete);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)      out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY) out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_bop_arithmetic(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, bkey_range *bkrange,
                                   const bool incr, const bool create,
                                   const uint64_t delta, const uint64_t initial,
                                   const eflag_t *eflagp)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    uint64_t result;
    char temp[INCR_MAX_STORAGE_LEN];

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->btree_elem_arithmetic(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                              bkrange, incr, create,
                                              delta, initial, eflagp, &result, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        bool is_hit = (ret==ENGINE_SUCCESS || ret==ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT);
        if (incr) stats_prefix_record_bop_incr(key, nkey, is_hit);
        else      stats_prefix_record_bop_decr(key, nkey, is_hit);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_ELEM_HITS(c, bop_decr, key, nkey);
        }
        snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "%"PRIu64, result);
        out_string(c, temp);
        break;
    case ENGINE_ELEM_ENOENT:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_NONE_HITS(c, bop_decr, key, nkey);
        }
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND_ELEMENT");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_MISSES(c, bop_incr, key, nkey);
        } else {
            STATS_MISSES(c, bop_decr, key, nkey);
        }
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        if (incr) {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_incr);
        } else {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, bop_decr);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_EINVAL) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR cannot increment or decrement non-numeric value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADTYPE)  out_string(c, "TYPE_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADBKEY)  out_string(c, "BKEY_MISMATCH");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBKEYOOR)  out_string(c, "OUT_OF_RANGE");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EOVERFLOW) out_string(c, "OVERFLOWED");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)    out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static inline int get_bkey_from_str(const char *str, unsigned char *bkey)
{
    if (strncmp(str, "0x", 2) == 0) { /* hexadeciaml bkey */
        if (safe_strtohexa(str+2, bkey, MAX_BKEY_LENG)) {
            return (strlen(str+2)/2);
        }
    } else { /* 64 bit unsigned integer */
        if (safe_strtoull(str, (uint64_t*)bkey)) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

static inline int get_eflag_from_str(const char *str, unsigned char *eflag)
{
    if (strncmp(str, "0x", 2) == 0) {
        if (safe_strtohexa(str+2, eflag, MAX_EFLAG_LENG)) {
            return (strlen(str+2)/2);
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

static inline int get_bkey_range_from_str(const char *str, bkey_range *bkrange)
{
    char *delimiter = strstr(str, "..");
    if (delimiter != NULL) { /* range */
        char *nxt = delimiter + 2;
        *delimiter = '\0';
        if (strncmp(str, "0x", 2) == 0 && strncmp(nxt, "0x", 2) == 0) {
            if (! safe_strtohexa(str+2, bkrange->from_bkey, MAX_BKEY_LENG) ||
                ! safe_strtohexa(nxt+2, bkrange->to_bkey,   MAX_BKEY_LENG)) {
                *delimiter = '.'; return -1;
            }
            bkrange->from_nbkey = strlen(str+2)/2;
            bkrange->to_nbkey   = strlen(nxt+2)/2;
        } else {
            if (! safe_strtoull(str, (uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey) ||
                ! safe_strtoull(nxt, (uint64_t*)bkrange->to_bkey)) {
                *delimiter = '.'; return -1;
            }
            bkrange->from_nbkey = bkrange->to_nbkey = 0;
        }
        *delimiter = '.';
    } else { /* single index */
        if (strncmp(str, "0x", 2) == 0) { /* hexadeciaml bkey */
            if (! safe_strtohexa(str+2, bkrange->from_bkey, MAX_BKEY_LENG))
                return -1;
            bkrange->from_nbkey = strlen(str+2)/2;
        } else { /* 64 bit unsigned integer */
            if (! safe_strtoull(str, (uint64_t*)bkrange->from_bkey))
                return -1;
            bkrange->from_nbkey = 0;
        }
        bkrange->to_nbkey = BKEY_NULL;
    }
    return 0;
}

static inline int get_position_range_from_str(const char *str, uint32_t *from_posi, uint32_t *to_posi)
{
    char *delimiter = strstr(str, "..");
    if (delimiter != NULL) { /* range */
        char *nxt = delimiter + 2;
        *delimiter = '\0';
        if (! safe_strtoul(str, from_posi) ||
            ! safe_strtoul(nxt, to_posi)) {
            *delimiter = '.'; return -1;
        }
        *delimiter = '.';
    } else { /* single postion */
        if (! safe_strtoul(str, from_posi))
            return -1;
        *to_posi = *from_posi;
    }
    return 0;
}

static inline ENGINE_COMPARE_OP get_compare_op_from_str(const char *str)
{
    if (strlen(str) == 2) {
        if      (str[0] == 'E' && str[1] == 'Q') return COMPARE_OP_EQ;
        else if (str[0] == 'N' && str[1] == 'E') return COMPARE_OP_NE;
        else if (str[0] == 'L') {
                         if      (str[1] == 'T') return COMPARE_OP_LT;
                         else if (str[1] == 'E') return COMPARE_OP_LE;
        }
        else if (str[0] == 'G') {
                         if      (str[1] == 'T') return COMPARE_OP_GT;
                         else if (str[1] == 'E') return COMPARE_OP_GE;
        }
    }
    return COMPARE_OP_MAX;
}

static inline ENGINE_BITWISE_OP get_bitwise_op_from_str(const char *str)
{
    if (strlen(str) == 1) {
        if      (str[0] == '&') return BITWISE_OP_AND;
        else if (str[0] == '|') return BITWISE_OP_OR;
        else if (str[0] == '^') return BITWISE_OP_XOR;
    }
    return BITWISE_OP_MAX;
}

static inline int get_efilter_from_tokens(token_t *tokens, const int ntokens, eflag_filter *efilter)
{
    int token_count = 0;

    /* check and build element eflag filter */
    if (ntokens >= 3 && strncmp(tokens[2].value, "0x", 2) == 0) {
        uint32_t offset;
        int      length;

        if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[0].value, &offset) || offset >= MAX_EFLAG_LENG) {
            return -1;
        }
        efilter->fwhere = (uint8_t)offset;
        token_count = 1;

        if (ntokens >= 5 && strncmp(tokens[4].value, "0x", 2) == 0) {
            efilter->bitwop = get_bitwise_op_from_str(tokens[token_count].value);
            if (efilter->bitwop == BITWISE_OP_MAX) {
                return -1;
            }
            length = get_eflag_from_str(tokens[token_count+1].value, efilter->bitwval);
            if (length < 0) {
                return -1;
            }
            efilter->nbitwval = (uint8_t)length;
            token_count += 2;
        } else {
            efilter->nbitwval = 0;
        }

        efilter->compop = get_compare_op_from_str(tokens[token_count].value);
        if (efilter->compop == COMPARE_OP_MAX) {
            return -1;
        }

        if (efilter->compop == COMPARE_OP_EQ || efilter->compop == COMPARE_OP_NE) {
            /* single value or multiple valeus(IN, NOT IN filter) */
            char *ptr = NULL;
            char *saveptr = NULL;

            efilter->compvcnt = 0;
            ptr = strtok_r(tokens[token_count+1].value, ",", &saveptr);
            while (ptr != NULL) {
                length = get_eflag_from_str(ptr, &efilter->compval[efilter->compvcnt*efilter->ncompval]);
                if (++efilter->compvcnt > MAX_EFLAG_COMPARE_COUNT) {
                    return -1;
                }
                if (efilter->compvcnt == 1) {
                    if (length < 0 || (offset+length) > MAX_EFLAG_LENG)
                        return -1;
                    if (efilter->nbitwval > 0 && length != (int)efilter->nbitwval)
                        return -1;
                    efilter->ncompval = (uint8_t)length;
                } else {
                    if (length != efilter->ncompval)
                        return -1;
                }
                ptr = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr);
            }
        } else {
            length = get_eflag_from_str(tokens[token_count+1].value, efilter->compval);
            if (length < 0 || (offset+length) > MAX_EFLAG_LENG) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (efilter->nbitwval > 0 && length != (int)efilter->nbitwval) {
                /* the lengths of bitwise operand and compare operand must be same. */
                return -1;
            }
            efilter->ncompval = (uint8_t)length;
            efilter->compvcnt = 1;
        }
        token_count += 2; /* token_count will be 3 or 5 */
    } else {
        efilter->ncompval = 0;
    }
    return token_count;
}

static void process_mop_prepare_nread(conn *c, int cmd, char *key, size_t nkey, field_t *field, size_t vlen)
{
    assert(cmd == (int)OPERATION_MOP_INSERT ||
           cmd == (int)OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT ||
           cmd == (int)OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE);
    eitem *elem = NULL;
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    if (vlen > settings.max_element_bytes) {
        ret = ENGINE_E2BIG;
    } else if (cmd == OPERATION_MOP_INSERT || cmd == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->map_elem_alloc(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, field->length, vlen, &elem);
    } else {
        if ((elem = (eitem *)malloc(sizeof(value_item) + vlen)) == NULL)
            ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
        else
            ((value_item*)elem)->len = vlen;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        if (cmd == OPERATION_MOP_INSERT || cmd == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT) {
            mc_engine.v1->get_elem_info(mc_engine.v0, c, ITEM_TYPE_MAP, elem, &c->einfo);
            ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_EINFO, vlen);
        } else {
            c->ritem   = ((value_item *)elem)->ptr;
            c->rlbytes = vlen;
            c->rltotal = 0;
        }
        c->coll_eitem  = (void *)elem;
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op     = cmd;
        c->coll_field  = *field;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (cmd == OPERATION_MOP_INSERT || cmd == OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT) {
            if (settings.detail_enabled) {
                stats_prefix_record_mop_insert(key, nkey, false);
            }
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_insert);
        } else { /* OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE */
            if (settings.detail_enabled) {
                stats_prefix_record_mop_update(key, nkey, false);
            }
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_update);
        }
        if (ret == ENGINE_E2BIG)       out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large value");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM) out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);

        if (ret != ENGINE_DISCONNECT) {
            /* swallow the data line */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            if (c->state == conn_write) {
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void process_mop_prepare_nread_fields(conn *c, int cmd, char *key, size_t nkey, uint32_t flen)
{
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;

    /* allocate memory blocks needed */
    if (mblck_list_alloc(&c->thread->mblck_pool, 1, flen, &c->memblist) < 0) {
        ret = ENGINE_ENOMEM;
    }
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        c->coll_strkeys = (void*)&c->memblist;
        ritem_set_first(c, CONN_RTYPE_MBLCK, flen);
        c->coll_ecount = 1;
        c->coll_op = cmd;
        c->coll_lenkeys = flen;
        conn_set_state(c, conn_nread);
    } else {
        if (cmd == OPERATION_MOP_DELETE) {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_delete);
        } else if (cmd == OPERATION_MOP_GET) {
            STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_get);
        }
        /* ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM */
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");

        /* swallow the data line */
        c->sbytes = flen;
        if (c->state == conn_write) {
            c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
        } else { /* conn_new_cmd (by noreply) */
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
}

static void process_mop_create(conn *c, char *key, size_t nkey, item_attr *attrp)
{
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    ret = mc_engine.v1->map_struct_create(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey, attrp, 0);
    CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
    if (settings.detail_enabled) {
        stats_prefix_record_mop_create(key, nkey);
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_OKS(c, mop_create, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "CREATED");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, mop_create);
        if (ret == ENGINE_KEY_EEXISTS)       out_string(c, "EXISTS");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_PREFIX_ENAME) out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR invalid prefix name");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_ENOMEM)       out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_mop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *key = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN].length;
    int subcommid;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 13) &&
        ((strcmp(subcommand,"insert") == 0 && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_MOP_INSERT)) ||
         (strcmp(subcommand,"upsert") == 0 && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_MOP_UPSERT)) ))
    {
        field_t field;
        int32_t vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        field.value = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value;
        field.length = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].length;
        if (field.length > MAX_FIELD_LENG) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too long field name");
            return;
        }

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        int read_ntokens = MOP_KEY_TOKEN + 3;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 2) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "create") != 0 ||
                get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens+1], rest_ntokens-1,
                                                 ITEM_TYPE_MAP, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
        } else {
            if (rest_ntokens != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_mop_prepare_nread(c, subcommid, key, nkey, &field, vlen);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 7 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "create") == 0))
    {
        set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        int read_ntokens = MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                             ITEM_TYPE_MAP, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space;
        process_mop_create(c, key, nkey, c->coll_attrp);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 7) && (strcmp(subcommand, "update") == 0))
    {
        field_t field;
        int32_t vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        field.value = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value;
        field.length = tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].length;
        if (field.length > MAX_FIELD_LENG) {
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too long field name");
            return;
        }

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_mop_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_MOP_UPDATE, key, nkey, &field, vlen);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 8) && (strcmp(subcommand, "delete") == 0))
    {
        uint32_t lenfields, numfields;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &lenfields)) ||
            (! safe_strtoul(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &numfields))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (lenfields > 0) {
            if (numfields == 0 ||
                lenfields > (UINT_MAX-2) ||
                lenfields > ((numfields*MAX_FIELD_LENG) + numfields-1)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                return;
            }
        }
        if (numfields > 0) {
            if (lenfields == 0 ||
                numfields > settings.max_map_size ||
                numfields > ((lenfields/2) + 1)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                return;
            }
        }

        int read_ntokens = MOP_KEY_TOKEN + 3;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "drop")==0) {
                drop_if_empty = true;
            } else {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        c->coll_numkeys = numfields;
        c->coll_drop = drop_if_empty;

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            if (lenfields == 0 && numfields == 0) {
                c->coll_lenkeys = lenfields;
                c->coll_op      = OPERATION_MOP_DELETE;
                process_mop_delete_complete(c);
            } else {
                lenfields += 2;
                process_mop_prepare_nread_fields(c, (int)OPERATION_MOP_DELETE, key, nkey, lenfields);
            }
        } else { /* pipe error */
            if (lenfields > 0) {
                c->sbytes = lenfields;
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            } else {
                conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
            }
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 7) && (strcmp(subcommand, "get") == 0))
    {
        uint32_t lenfields, numfields;
        bool delete = false;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;

        if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &lenfields)) ||
            (! safe_strtoul(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &numfields))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        if (lenfields > 0) {
            if (numfields == 0 ||
                lenfields > (UINT_MAX-2) ||
                lenfields > ((numfields*MAX_FIELD_LENG) + numfields-1)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                return;
            }
        }
        if (numfields > 0) {
            if (lenfields == 0 ||
                numfields > settings.max_map_size ||
                numfields > ((lenfields/2) + 1)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                return;
            }
        }

        if (ntokens == 7) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+3].value, "delete")==0) {
                delete = true;
            } else if (strcmp(tokens[MOP_KEY_TOKEN+3].value, "drop")==0) {
                delete = true;
                drop_if_empty = true;
            } else {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        c->coll_numkeys = numfields;
        c->coll_delete = delete;
        c->coll_drop = drop_if_empty;

        if (lenfields == 0 && numfields == 0) {
            c->coll_lenkeys = lenfields;
            c->coll_op      = OPERATION_MOP_GET;
            process_mop_get_complete(c);
        } else {
            lenfields += 2;
            process_mop_prepare_nread_fields(c, (int)OPERATION_MOP_GET, key, nkey, lenfields);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static void process_bop_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char *subcommand = tokens[SUBCOMMAND_TOKEN].value;
    char *key = tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN].length;
    int subcommid;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }
    c->coll_key = key;
    c->coll_nkey = nkey;

    if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 14) &&
        ((strcmp(subcommand,"insert") == 0 && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_BOP_INSERT)) ||
         (strcmp(subcommand,"upsert") == 0 && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_BOP_UPSERT)) ))
    {
        unsigned char bkey[MAX_BKEY_LENG];
        unsigned char eflag[MAX_EFLAG_LENG];
        int      nbkey, neflag;
        int32_t  vlen;
        int      read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        c->coll_getrim = false;
        if (c->noreply == false) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[ntokens-2].value, "getrim") == 0) {
                /* The getrim flag in bop insert/upsert command
                 * If an element is trimmed by maxcount overflow,
                 * the trimmed element must be gotten by clients.
                 */
                c->coll_getrim = true;
            }
        }

        nbkey = get_bkey_from_str(tokens[read_ntokens++].value, bkey);
        neflag = 0;
        if (ntokens > 6 && strncmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "0x", 2) == 0) {
            neflag = get_eflag_from_str(tokens[read_ntokens++].value, eflag);
        }
        if (nbkey == -1 || neflag == -1) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if ((! safe_strtol(tokens[read_ntokens++].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < 0 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        vlen += 2;

        int post_ntokens = 1 + ((c->noreply || c->coll_getrim) ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 2) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "create") != 0 ||
                get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens+1], rest_ntokens-1,
                                                 ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space; /* create if not exist */
        } else {
            if (rest_ntokens != 0) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            c->coll_attrp = NULL;
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_bop_prepare_nread(c, subcommid, key, nkey, bkey, nbkey, eflag, neflag, vlen);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            c->sbytes = vlen;
            conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 7 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "create") == 0))
    {
        set_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (get_coll_create_attr_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                             ITEM_TYPE_BTREE, &c->coll_attr_space) != 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        c->coll_attrp = &c->coll_attr_space;
        process_bop_create(c, key, nkey, c->coll_attrp);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "update") == 0))
    {
        int32_t  vlen;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        /* Only single bkey supported */
        if (get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange) != 0 ||
            c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey != BKEY_NULL) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 2;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens > 1) {
            uint32_t offset;
            int      length;
            if (rest_ntokens > 2) {
                if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &offset) || offset >= MAX_EFLAG_LENG) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
                c->coll_eupdate.fwhere = (uint8_t)offset;
                c->coll_eupdate.bitwop = get_bitwise_op_from_str(tokens[read_ntokens+1].value);
                if (c->coll_eupdate.bitwop == BITWISE_OP_MAX) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
                read_ntokens += 2;
                rest_ntokens -= 2;
            } else {
                c->coll_eupdate.bitwop = BITWISE_OP_MAX;
            }
            if (strncmp(tokens[read_ntokens].value, "0x", 2) == 0) {
                length = get_eflag_from_str(tokens[read_ntokens].value, c->coll_eupdate.eflag);
                if (length < 0) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                if (! safe_strtol(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &length) || length != 0) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
            }
            c->coll_eupdate.neflag = (uint8_t)length;
            read_ntokens += 1;
            rest_ntokens -= 1;
        } else {
            c->coll_eupdate.neflag = EFLAG_NULL;
        }

        if ((rest_ntokens != 1) ||
            (! safe_strtol(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &vlen)) ||
            (vlen < -1 || vlen > (INT_MAX-2))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (vlen == -1) {
            if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
                if (c->coll_eupdate.neflag == EFLAG_NULL) {
                    /* Nothing to update */
                    //out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR nothing to update");
                    out_string(c, "NOTHING_TO_UPDATE");
                    return;
                }
                c->coll_op   = OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE;
                process_bop_update_complete(c);
            } else { /* pipe error */
                conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
            }
        } else { /* vlen >= 0 */
            vlen += 2;
            if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
                process_bop_update_prepare_nread(c, (int)OPERATION_BOP_UPDATE, key, nkey, vlen);
            } else { /* pipe error */
                c->sbytes = vlen;
                conn_set_state(c, conn_swallow);
            }
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 13) && (strcmp(subcommand, "delete") == 0))
    {
        uint32_t count = 0;
        bool     drop_if_empty = false;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if (get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 2;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 3) {
            int used_ntokens = get_efilter_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                                       &c->coll_efilter);
            if (used_ntokens == -1) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            read_ntokens += used_ntokens;
            rest_ntokens -= used_ntokens;
        } else {
            c->coll_efilter.ncompval = 0;
        }

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens+rest_ntokens-1].value, "drop")==0) {
                drop_if_empty = true;
                rest_ntokens -= 1;
            }
        }

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if ((rest_ntokens > 1) ||
                (! safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &count))) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_bop_delete(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange,
                               (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                               count, drop_if_empty);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 9) && (strcmp(subcommand, "incr") == 0 || strcmp(subcommand, "decr") == 0))
    {
        uint64_t delta;
        uint64_t initial = 0;
        bool     incr = (strcmp(subcommand, "incr") == 0 ? true : false);
        bool     create = false;;
        eflag_t  eflagspc;
        eflag_t *eflagptr = NULL;

        set_pipe_noreply_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens);

        if ((get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange) != 0) ||
            (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey != BKEY_NULL) ||
            (! safe_strtoull(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &delta)) || (delta < 1)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 3;
        int post_ntokens = 1 + (c->noreply ? 1 : 0);
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if (! safe_strtoull(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+3].value, &initial)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            if (rest_ntokens > 1) {
                int neflag = get_eflag_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+4].value, eflagspc.val);
                if (neflag == -1) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
                eflagspc.len = neflag;
                eflagptr = &eflagspc;
            }
            create = true;
        }

        if (check_and_handle_pipe_state(c)) {
            process_bop_arithmetic(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange, incr,
                                   create, delta, initial, eflagptr);
        } else { /* pipe error */
            conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        }
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 13) && (strcmp(subcommand, "get") == 0))
    {
        uint32_t offset = 0;
        uint32_t count  = 0;
        bool delete = false;
        bool drop_if_empty = false;

        if (get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 2;
        int post_ntokens = 1; /* "\r\n" */
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 3 && strncmp(tokens[read_ntokens+2].value, "0x", 2)==0) {
            int used_ntokens = get_efilter_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                                       &c->coll_efilter);
            if (used_ntokens == -1) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            read_ntokens += used_ntokens;
            rest_ntokens -= used_ntokens;
        } else {
            c->coll_efilter.ncompval = 0;
        }

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if (strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens+rest_ntokens-1].value, "delete")==0 ||
                strcmp(tokens[read_ntokens+rest_ntokens-1].value, "drop")==0) {
                delete = true;
                if (strlen(tokens[read_ntokens+rest_ntokens-1].value) == 4)
                    drop_if_empty = true;
                rest_ntokens -= 1;
            }
        }

        if (rest_ntokens > 0) {
            if (rest_ntokens == 1) {
                if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &count)) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
            } else if (rest_ntokens == 2) {
                if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens].value, &offset)) ||
                    (! safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens+1].value, &count))) {
                    print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                    out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
        }

        process_bop_get(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange,
                        (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter),
                        offset, count,
                        delete, drop_if_empty);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 10) && (strcmp(subcommand, "count") == 0))
    {
        if (get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 2;
        int post_ntokens = 1; /* "\r\n" */
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens >= 3) {
            int used_ntokens = get_efilter_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                                       &c->coll_efilter);
            if (used_ntokens == -1) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            rest_ntokens -= used_ntokens;
        } else {
            c->coll_efilter.ncompval = 0;
        }

        if (rest_ntokens != 0) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        process_bop_count(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange,
                          (c->coll_efilter.ncompval==0 ? NULL : &c->coll_efilter));
    }
#if defined(SUPPORT_BOP_MGET) || defined(SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET)
    else if ((ntokens >= 7 && ntokens <= 14) &&
             ((strcmp(subcommand, "mget") == 0  && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_BOP_MGET)) ||
              (strcmp(subcommand, "smget") == 0 && (subcommid = (int)OPERATION_BOP_SMGET)) ))
    {
        uint32_t count, offset = 0;
        uint32_t lenkeys, numkeys;
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
        int smgmode = subcommid == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET ? set_smget_mode_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens) : 0;
#else
        bool unique = subcommid == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET ? set_unique_maybe(c, tokens, ntokens) : false;
#endif

        if ((! safe_strtoul(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN].value, &lenkeys)) ||
            (! safe_strtoul(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &numkeys)) ||
            (lenkeys > (UINT_MAX-2)) || (lenkeys == 0) || (numkeys == 0)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &c->coll_bkrange)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        int read_ntokens = BOP_KEY_TOKEN + 3;
        int post_ntokens = 1; /* "\r\n" */
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
        if (smgmode > 0) {
            post_ntokens += 1;
        }
#else
        if (unique) {
            post_ntokens += 1;
        }
#endif
        int rest_ntokens = ntokens - read_ntokens - post_ntokens;

        if (rest_ntokens > 3) {
            int used_ntokens = get_efilter_from_tokens(&tokens[read_ntokens], rest_ntokens,
                                                       &c->coll_efilter);
            if (used_ntokens == -1) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            read_ntokens += used_ntokens;
            rest_ntokens -= used_ntokens;
        } else {
            c->coll_efilter.ncompval = 0;
        }

        if ((rest_ntokens < 1) || (rest_ntokens > 2) ||
            (rest_ntokens > 1 && !safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens++].value, &offset)) ||
            (rest_ntokens > 0 && !safe_strtoul(tokens[read_ntokens++].value, &count))) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        /* validation checking on arguments */
        if (numkeys > ((lenkeys/2) + 1) ||
            lenkeys > ((numkeys*KEY_MAX_LENGTH) + numkeys-1) ||
            count == 0) {
            /* ENGINE_EBADVALUE */
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
            c->sbytes = lenkeys + 2;
            c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
            return;
        }
        lenkeys += 2;
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_MGET
        if (subcommid == OPERATION_BOP_MGET) {
            if (numkeys > MAX_BMGET_KEY_COUNT || count > MAX_BMGET_ELM_COUNT) {
                /* ENGINE_EBADVALUE */
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                c->sbytes = lenkeys;
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
                return;
            }
        }
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_BOP_SMGET
        if (subcommid == OPERATION_BOP_SMGET) {
            if (numkeys > MAX_SMGET_KEY_COUNT || (offset+count) > MAX_SMGET_REQ_COUNT) {
                /* ENGINE_EBADVALUE */
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad value");
                c->sbytes = lenkeys;
                c->write_and_go = conn_swallow;
                return;
            }
        }
#endif

        c->coll_numkeys = numkeys;
        c->coll_lenkeys = lenkeys;
        c->coll_roffset = offset;
        c->coll_rcount  = count;
#ifdef JHPARK_OLD_SMGET_INTERFACE
        c->coll_smgmode = smgmode;
#else
        c->coll_unique  = unique;
#endif

        process_bop_prepare_nread_keys(c, subcommid, lenkeys, numkeys);
    }
#endif
    else if ((ntokens == 6) && (strcmp(subcommand, "position") == 0))
    {
        ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order;

        if ((get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange) != 0) ||
            (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey != BKEY_NULL)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "asc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_ASC;
        } else if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "desc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_DESC;
        } else {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        process_bop_position(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange, order);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 6 || ntokens == 7) && (strcmp(subcommand, "pwg") == 0))
    {
        ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order;
        uint32_t count = 0;

        if ((get_bkey_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, &c->coll_bkrange) != 0) ||
            (c->coll_bkrange.to_nbkey != BKEY_NULL)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "asc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_ASC;
        } else if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, "desc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_DESC;
        } else {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (ntokens == 7) {
            if (! safe_strtoul(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+3].value, &count)) {
                print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
                return;
            }
            if (count > 100) { /* max limit on count: 100 */
                out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR too large count value");
                return;
            }
        }

        process_bop_pwg(c, key, nkey, &c->coll_bkrange, order, count);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 6) && (strcmp(subcommand, "gbp") == 0))
    {
        uint32_t from_posi, to_posi;
        ENGINE_BTREE_ORDER order;

        if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, "asc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_ASC;
        } else if (strcmp(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+1].value, "desc") == 0) {
            order = BTREE_ORDER_DESC;
        } else {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        if (get_position_range_from_str(tokens[BOP_KEY_TOKEN+2].value, &from_posi, &to_posi)) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }

        process_bop_gbp(c, key, nkey, order, from_posi, to_posi);
    }
    else
    {
        print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
    }
}

static size_t attr_to_printable_buffer(char *ptr, ENGINE_ITEM_ATTR attr_id, item_attr *attr_datap)
{
    if (attr_id == ATTR_TYPE)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR type=%s\r\n", get_item_type_str(attr_datap->type));
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_FLAGS)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR flags=%u\r\n", htonl(attr_datap->flags));
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_EXPIRETIME)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR expiretime=%d\r\n", (int32_t)lefttime(attr_datap->exptime));
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_COUNT)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR count=%d\r\n", attr_datap->count);
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_MAXCOUNT)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxcount=%d\r\n", attr_datap->maxcount);
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_OVFLACTION)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR overflowaction=%s\r\n", get_ovflaction_str(attr_datap->ovflaction));
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_READABLE)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR readable=%s\r\n", (attr_datap->readable ? "on" : "off"));
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE) {
        if (attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.len == BKEY_NULL) {
            sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkeyrange=0\r\n");
        } else {
            if (attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.len == 0) {
                uint64_t bkey_temp;
                memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkeyrange=%"PRIu64"\r\n", bkey_temp);
                //sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkeyrange=%"PRIu64"\r\n", *(uint64_t*)attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.val);
            } else {
                char *ptr_temp = ptr;
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "ATTR maxbkeyrange=0x");
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                safe_hexatostr(attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.val, attr_datap->maxbkeyrange.len, ptr_temp);
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "\r\n");
            }
        }
    }
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_MINBKEY) {
        if (attr_datap->count > 0) {
            if (attr_datap->minbkey.len == 0) {
                uint64_t bkey_temp;
                memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_datap->minbkey.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                sprintf(ptr, "ATTR minbkey=%"PRIu64"\r\n", bkey_temp);
                //sprintf(ptr, "ATTR minbkey=%"PRIu64"\r\n", *(uint64_t*)attr_datap->minbkey.val);
            } else {
                char *ptr_temp = ptr;
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "ATTR minbkey=0x");
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                safe_hexatostr(attr_datap->minbkey.val, attr_datap->minbkey.len, ptr_temp);
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "\r\n");
            }
        } else {
            sprintf(ptr, "ATTR minbkey=-1\r\n");
        }
    }
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_MAXBKEY) {
        if (attr_datap->count > 0) {
            if (attr_datap->maxbkey.len == 0) {
                uint64_t bkey_temp;
                memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_datap->maxbkey.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkey=%"PRIu64"\r\n", bkey_temp);
                //sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkey=%"PRIu64"\r\n", *(uint64_t*)attr_datap->maxbkey.val);
            } else {
                char *ptr_temp = ptr;
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "ATTR maxbkey=0x");
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                safe_hexatostr(attr_datap->maxbkey.val, attr_datap->maxbkey.len, ptr_temp);
                ptr_temp += strlen(ptr_temp);
                sprintf(ptr_temp, "\r\n");
            }
        } else {
            sprintf(ptr, "ATTR maxbkey=-1\r\n");
        }
    }
    else if (attr_id == ATTR_TRIMMED)
        sprintf(ptr, "ATTR trimmed=%d\r\n", (attr_datap->trimmed != 0 ? 1 : 0));

    return strlen(ptr);
}

static void process_getattr_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    char   *key = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].length;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    item_attr attr_data;
    ENGINE_ITEM_ATTR attr_ids[ATTR_END];
    uint32_t attr_count = 0;
    int i;

    if (ntokens > 3) {
        for (i = KEY_TOKEN+1; i < ntokens-1; i++) {
            char *name = tokens[i].value;
            if (strcmp(name, "flags")==0)               attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_FLAGS;
            else if (strcmp(name, "expiretime")==0)     attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_EXPIRETIME;
            else if (strcmp(name, "type")==0)           attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_TYPE;
            else if (strcmp(name, "count")==0)          attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_COUNT;
            else if (strcmp(name, "maxcount")==0)       attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXCOUNT;
            else if (strcmp(name, "overflowaction")==0) attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_OVFLACTION;
            else if (strcmp(name, "readable")==0)       attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_READABLE;
            else if (strcmp(name, "maxbkeyrange")==0)   attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE;
            else if (strcmp(name, "minbkey")==0)        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MINBKEY;
            else if (strcmp(name, "maxbkey")==0)        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXBKEY;
            else if (strcmp(name, "trimmed")==0)        attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_TRIMMED;
            else {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADATTR; break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->getattr(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                    attr_ids, attr_count, &attr_data, 0);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_getattr(key, nkey);
        }
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        {
        char buffer[1024];
        char *str = &buffer[0];
        char *ptr = str; *ptr = '\0';

        STATS_HITS(c, getattr, key, nkey);

        if (attr_count > 0) {
            for (i = 0; i < attr_count; i++) {
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, attr_ids[i], &attr_data);
            }
        } else { /* attr_count == 0 */
            ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_TYPE, &attr_data);
            ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_FLAGS, &attr_data);
            ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_EXPIRETIME, &attr_data);
            if (attr_data.type != ITEM_TYPE_KV) { /* collection_item */
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_COUNT, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_MAXCOUNT, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_OVFLACTION, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_READABLE, &attr_data);
            }
            if (attr_data.type == ITEM_TYPE_BTREE) {
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_MINBKEY, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_MAXBKEY, &attr_data);
                ptr += attr_to_printable_buffer(ptr, ATTR_TRIMMED, &attr_data);
            }
        }
        sprintf(ptr, "END");
        out_string(c, str);
        }
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, getattr, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, getattr);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADATTR) out_string(c, "ATTR_ERROR not found");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_setattr_command(conn *c, token_t *tokens, const size_t ntokens)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->ewouldblock == false);
    char *key = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].value;
    size_t nkey = tokens[KEY_TOKEN].length;

    if (nkey > KEY_MAX_LENGTH) {
        out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
        return;
    }

    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret = ENGINE_SUCCESS;
    item_attr attr_data;
    ENGINE_ITEM_ATTR attr_ids[ATTR_END];
    uint32_t attr_count = 0;
    int i;
    char *name, *value, *equal;

    for (i = KEY_TOKEN+1; i < ntokens-1; i++) {
        if ((equal = strchr(tokens[i].value, '=')) == NULL) {
            print_invalid_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
            out_string(c, "CLIENT_ERROR bad command line format");
            return;
        }
        *equal = '\0';
        name = tokens[i].value; value = equal + 1;

        if (strcmp(name, "expiretime")==0) {
            int64_t exptime;
            attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_EXPIRETIME;
            if (! safe_strtoll(value, &exptime)) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
                break;
            }
            attr_data.exptime = realtime(exptime);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "maxcount")==0) {
            attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXCOUNT;
            if (! safe_strtol(value, &attr_data.maxcount)) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
                break;
            }
        } else if (strcmp(name, "overflowaction")==0) {
            attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_OVFLACTION;
            if (strcmp(value, "error")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_ERROR;
            else if (strcmp(value, "head_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_HEAD_TRIM;
            else if (strcmp(value, "tail_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_TAIL_TRIM;
            else if (strcmp(value, "smallest_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_SMALLEST_TRIM;
            else if (strcmp(value, "largest_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_LARGEST_TRIM;
            else if (strcmp(value, "smallest_silent_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_SMALLEST_SILENT_TRIM;
            else if (strcmp(value, "largest_silent_trim")==0)
                attr_data.ovflaction = OVFL_LARGEST_SILENT_TRIM;
            else {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
                break;
            }
        } else if (strcmp(name, "readable")==0) {
            attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_READABLE;
            if (strcmp(value, "on")==0)
                attr_data.readable = 1;
            else {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
                break;
            }
        } else if (strcmp(name, "maxbkeyrange")==0) {
            int length;
            length = get_bkey_from_str(value, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val);
            if (length == -1) {
                ret = ENGINE_EBADVALUE;
                break;
            }
            attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len = (uint8_t)length;
            if (attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len == 0) {
                uint64_t bkey_temp;
                memcpy((unsigned char*)&bkey_temp, attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val, sizeof(uint64_t));
                if (bkey_temp == 0) attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len = BKEY_NULL; /* reset maxbkeyrange */
            }
            //if (attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len == 0 && *(uint64_t*)attr_data.maxbkeyrange.val == 0)
            //    attr_data.maxbkeyrange.len = BKEY_NULL; /* reset maxbkeyrange */
            attr_ids[attr_count++] = ATTR_MAXBKEYRANGE;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i < ntokens-1 && ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = ENGINE_EBADATTR;
    }

    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        ret = mc_engine.v1->setattr(mc_engine.v0, c, key, nkey,
                                    attr_ids, attr_count, &attr_data, 0);
        CONN_CHECK_AND_SET_EWOULDBLOCK(ret, c);
        if (settings.detail_enabled) {
            stats_prefix_record_setattr(key, nkey);
        }
    }

    switch (ret) {
    case ENGINE_SUCCESS:
        STATS_HITS(c, setattr, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "OK");
        break;
    case ENGINE_KEY_ENOENT:
        STATS_MISSES(c, setattr, key, nkey);
        out_string(c, "NOT_FOUND");
        break;
    default:
        STATS_CMD_NOKEY(c, setattr);
        if (ret == ENGINE_EBADATTR)       out_string(c, "ATTR_ERROR not found");
        else if (ret == ENGINE_EBADVALUE) out_string(c, "ATTR_ERROR bad value");
        else handle_unexpected_errorcode_ascii(c, __func__, ret);
    }
}

static void process_command_ascii(conn *c, char *command, int cmdlen)
{
    /* One more token is reserved in tokens strucure
     * for keeping the length of untokenized command.
     */
    token_t tokens[MAX_TOKENS+1];
    size_t ntokens;
    int comm;

    MEMCACHED_PROCESS_COMMAND_START(c->sfd, c->rcurr, c->rbytes);

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                       "<%d %s\n", c->sfd, command);
    }

    /*
     * for commands set/add/replace, we build an item and read the data
     * directly into it, then continue in nread_complete().
     */

    c->msgcurr = 0;
    c->msgused = 0;
    c->iovused = 0;
    if (add_msghdr(c) != 0) {
        out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory preparing response");
        return;
    }

#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
    if (cmdlog_in_use) {
        cmdlog_write(c->client_ip, command);
    }
#endif

    ntokens = tokenize_command(command, cmdlen, tokens, MAX_TOKENS);

    if ((ntokens >= 3) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "get") == 0))
    {
        process_get_command(c, tokens, ntokens, false);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "gets") == 0))
    {
        process_get_command(c, tokens, ntokens, true);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 4) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "mget") == 0))
    {
        process_mget_command(c, tokens, ntokens, false);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 4) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "mgets") == 0))
    {
        process_mget_command(c, tokens, ntokens, true);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 6 || ntokens == 7) &&
        ((strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "add"    ) == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_ADD)) ||
         (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "set"    ) == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_SET)) ||
         (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "replace") == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_REPLACE)) ||
         (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "prepend") == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_PREPEND)) ||
         (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "append" ) == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_APPEND)) ))
    {
        process_update_command(c, tokens, ntokens, (ENGINE_STORE_OPERATION)comm, false);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 7 || ntokens == 8) &&
         (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "cas"    ) == 0 && (comm = (int)OPERATION_CAS)))
    {
        process_update_command(c, tokens, ntokens, (ENGINE_STORE_OPERATION)comm, true);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 4 || ntokens == 5 || ntokens == 7 || ntokens == 8) &&
        (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "incr") == 0))
    {
        process_arithmetic_command(c, tokens, ntokens, 1);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 4 || ntokens == 5 || ntokens == 7 || ntokens == 8) &&
        (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "decr") == 0))
    {
        process_arithmetic_command(c, tokens, ntokens, 0);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3 && ntokens <= 5) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "delete") == 0))
    {
        process_delete_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 13) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "lop") == 0))
    {
        process_lop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 12) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "sop") == 0))
    {
        process_sop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 6 && ntokens <= 13) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "mop") == 0))
    {
        process_mop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 5 && ntokens <= 14) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "bop") == 0))
    {
        process_bop_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3 && ntokens <= 14) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "getattr") == 0))
    {
        process_getattr_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 4 && ntokens <=  8) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "setattr") == 0))
    {
        process_setattr_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "stats") == 0))
    {
        process_stats_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 2 && ntokens <= 4) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "flush_all") == 0))
    {
        process_flush_command(c, tokens, ntokens, true);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3 && ntokens <= 5) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "flush_prefix") == 0))
    {
        process_flush_command(c, tokens, ntokens, false);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "config") == 0))
    {
        process_config_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    else if ((ntokens >= 3) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "zkensemble") == 0))
    {
        process_zkensemble_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
    else if ((ntokens == 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "version") == 0))
    {
        out_string(c, "VERSION " VERSION);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 3) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "dump") == 0))
    {
        process_dump_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else if ((ntokens == 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "quit") == 0))
    {
        LOCK_STATS();
        mc_stats.quit_conns++;
        UNLOCK_STATS();
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "help") == 0))
    {
        process_help_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
    else if ((ntokens >= 4) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "scan") == 0))
    {
        process_scan_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
    else if ((ntokens >= 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "cmdlog") == 0))
    {
        process_cmdlog_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    else if ((ntokens >= 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "lqdetect") == 0))
    {
        process_lqdetect_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
#endif
    else if ((ntokens == 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "ready") == 0))
    {
        char *response = "READY";
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
        if (arcus_zk_initalized()) {
            arcus_zk_stats zk_stats;
            arcus_zk_get_stats(&zk_stats);
            if (!zk_stats.zk_ready) response = "NOT_READY";
        }
#endif
        out_string(c, response);
    }
    else if ((ntokens >= 2) && (strcmp(tokens[COMMAND_TOKEN].value, "shutdown") == 0))
    {
        process_shutdown_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
    }
    else /* no matching command */
    {
        if (settings.extensions.ascii != NULL) {
            process_extension_command(c, tokens, ntokens);
        } else {
            out_string(c, "ERROR unknown command");
        }
    }
}

static int try_read_command_ascii(conn *c)
{
    char *el, *cont;

    if (c->rbytes == 0)
        return 0;

    el = memchr(c->rcurr, '\n', c->rbytes);
    if (!el) {
        if (c->rbytes > 1024) {
            /*
             * We didn't have a '\n' in the first k. This _has_ to be a
             * large multiget, if not we should just nuke the connection.
             */
            char *ptr = c->rcurr;
            while (*ptr == ' ') { /* ignore leading whitespaces */
                ++ptr;
            }
            if (ptr - c->rcurr > 100) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                    "%d: Too many leading whitespaces(%d). Close the connection.\n",
                    c->sfd, (int)(ptr - c->rcurr));
                conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
                return 1;
            }
            /* Check KEY_MAX_LENGTH and eflag filter length
             *  - KEY_MAX_LENGTH : 16000
             *  - IN eflag filter : > 6400 (64*100)
             */
            if (c->rbytes > ((16+8)*1024)) {
                /* The length of "stats prefixes" command cannot exceed 24 KB. */
                if (strncmp(ptr, "get ", 4) && strncmp(ptr, "gets ", 5)) {
                    char buffer[16];
                    memcpy(buffer, ptr, 15); buffer[15] = '\0';
                    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                        "%d: Too long ascii command(%s). Close the connection. client_ip: %s\n",
                        c->sfd, buffer, c->client_ip);
                    conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    cont = el + 1;
    if ((el - c->rcurr) > 1 && *(el - 1) == '\r') {
        el--;
    }
    *el = '\0';

    assert(cont <= (c->rcurr + c->rbytes));

    process_command_ascii(c, c->rcurr, el - c->rcurr);

    c->rbytes -= (cont - c->rcurr);
    c->rcurr = cont;

    assert(c->rcurr <= (c->rbuf + c->rsize));

    return 1;
}

/*
 * if we have a complete line in the buffer, process it.
 */
static int try_read_command(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    assert(c->rcurr <= (c->rbuf + c->rsize));
    assert(c->rbytes > 0);

    if (c->protocol == negotiating_prot || c->transport == udp_transport)  {
        if ((unsigned char)c->rbuf[0] == (unsigned char)PROTOCOL_BINARY_REQ) {
            c->protocol = binary_prot;
        } else {
            c->protocol = ascii_prot;
        }

        if (settings.verbose > 1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                    "%d: Client using the %s protocol\n", c->sfd,
                    prot_text(c->protocol));
        }
    }

    if (c->protocol == binary_prot) {
        return try_read_command_binary(c);
    } else {
        return try_read_command_ascii(c);
    }

    return 1;
}

/*
 * read a UDP request.
 */
static enum try_read_result try_read_udp(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    int res;

    c->request_addr_size = sizeof(c->request_addr);
    res = recvfrom(c->sfd, c->rbuf, c->rsize,
                   0, &c->request_addr, &c->request_addr_size);
    if (res > 8) {
        unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)c->rbuf;
        STATS_ADD(c, bytes_read, res);

        /* Beginning of UDP packet is the request ID; save it. */
        c->request_id = buf[0] * 256 + buf[1];

        /* If this is a multi-packet request, drop it. */
        if (buf[4] != 0 || buf[5] != 1) {
            return READ_NO_DATA_RECEIVED;
        }

        /* Don't care about any of the rest of the header. */
        res -= 8;
        memmove(c->rbuf, c->rbuf + 8, res);

        c->rbytes += res;
        c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
        return READ_DATA_RECEIVED;
    }
    return READ_NO_DATA_RECEIVED;
}

/*
 * read from network as much as we can, handle buffer overflow and connection
 * close.
 * before reading, move the remaining incomplete fragment of a command
 * (if any) to the beginning of the buffer.
 *
 * To protect us from someone flooding a connection with bogus data causing
 * the connection to eat up all available memory, break out and start looking
 * at the data I've got after a number of reallocs...
 *
 * @return enum try_read_result
 */
static enum try_read_result try_read_network(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    enum try_read_result gotdata = READ_NO_DATA_RECEIVED;
    int num_allocs = 0;

    if (c->rcurr != c->rbuf) {
        if (c->rbytes != 0) /* otherwise there's nothing to copy */
            memmove(c->rbuf, c->rcurr, c->rbytes);
        c->rcurr = c->rbuf;
    }

    while (1) {
        if (c->rbytes >= c->rsize) {
            /* Increase num_allocs: 4 => 5
             * - 2K^5 = 64K.
             * - Check KEY_MAX_LENGTH.
             */
            if (num_allocs == 5) {
                return gotdata;
            }
            ++num_allocs;
            char *new_rbuf = realloc(c->rbuf, c->rsize * 2);
            if (!new_rbuf) {
                if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                            "Couldn't realloc input buffer\n");
                }
                c->rbytes = 0; /* ignore what we read */
                if (c->protocol == binary_prot) {
                    write_bin_packet(c, PROTOCOL_BINARY_RESPONSE_ENOMEM, 0);
                } else {
                    out_string(c, "SERVER_ERROR out of memory reading request");
                }
                c->write_and_go = conn_closing;
                return READ_MEMORY_ERROR;
            }
            c->rcurr = c->rbuf = new_rbuf;
            c->rsize *= 2;
        }

        int avail = c->rsize - c->rbytes;
        int res = read(c->sfd, c->rbuf + c->rbytes, avail);
        if (res > 0) {
            STATS_ADD(c, bytes_read, res);
            gotdata = READ_DATA_RECEIVED;
            c->rbytes += res;
            if (res == avail) {
                continue;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (res == 0) {
            /* The client called shutdown() to close the socket. */
            if (settings.verbose > 1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                        "Couldn't read in try_read_network: end of stream\n");
            }
            return READ_ERROR;
        }
        if (res == -1) {
            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
                break;
            }
            /* The client called close() to close the socket. */
            if (settings.verbose > 1) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, c,
                        "Couldn't read in try_read_network: err=(%d:%s)\n",
                        errno, strerror(errno));
            }
            return READ_ERROR;
        }
    }
    return gotdata;
}

static bool update_event(conn *c, const int new_flags)
{
    assert(c != NULL);
    struct event_base *base = c->event.ev_base;

    if (c->ev_flags == new_flags)
        return true;

    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, NULL,
                   "Updated event for %d to read=%s, write=%s\n",
                   c->sfd, (new_flags & EV_READ ? "yes" : "no"),
                   (new_flags & EV_WRITE ? "yes" : "no"));

    if (event_del(&c->event) == -1) return false;
    event_set(&c->event, c->sfd, new_flags, event_handler, (void *)c);
    event_base_set(base, &c->event);
    c->ev_flags = new_flags;
    if (event_add(&c->event, 0) == -1) return false;
    return true;
}

/*
 * Transmit the next chunk of data from our list of msgbuf structures.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   TRANSMIT_COMPLETE   All done writing.
 *   TRANSMIT_INCOMPLETE More data remaining to write.
 *   TRANSMIT_SOFT_ERROR Can't write any more right now.
 *   TRANSMIT_HARD_ERROR Can't write (c->state is set to conn_closing)
 */
static enum transmit_result transmit(conn *c)
{
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (c->msgcurr < c->msgused && c->msglist[c->msgcurr].msg_iovlen == 0) {
        /* Finished writing the current msg; advance to the next. */
        c->msgcurr++;
    }
    if (c->msgcurr < c->msgused) {
        ssize_t res;
        struct msghdr *m = &c->msglist[c->msgcurr];

        if (IS_UDP(c->transport)) {
            build_udp_header(c);
        }

        res = sendmsg(c->sfd, m, 0);
        if (res > 0) {
            STATS_ADD(c, bytes_written, res);

            /* We've written some of the data. Remove the completed
               iovec entries from the list of pending writes. */
            while (m->msg_iovlen > 0 && res >= m->msg_iov->iov_len) {
                res -= m->msg_iov->iov_len;
                m->msg_iovlen--;
                m->msg_iov++;
            }

            /* Might have written just part of the last iovec entry;
               adjust it so the next write will do the rest. */
            if (res > 0) {
                m->msg_iov->iov_base = (caddr_t)m->msg_iov->iov_base + res;
                m->msg_iov->iov_len -= res;
            }
            return TRANSMIT_INCOMPLETE;
        }
        if (res == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
            if (!update_event(c, EV_WRITE | EV_PERSIST)) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                               "Couldn't update event in transmit.\n");
                conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
                return TRANSMIT_HARD_ERROR;
            }
            return TRANSMIT_SOFT_ERROR;
        }
        /* if res == 0 or res == -1 and error is not EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK,
           we have a real error, on which we close the connection */
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                           "Failed to write, and not due to blocking: %s, client_ip: %s\n",
                           strerror(errno), c->client_ip);
            //perror("Failed to write, and not due to blocking");
        }

        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        return TRANSMIT_HARD_ERROR;
    } else {
        return TRANSMIT_COMPLETE;
    }
}

bool conn_listening(conn *c)
{
    int sfd, flags = 1;
    struct sockaddr_storage addr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);

    if ((sfd = accept(c->sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen)) == -1) {
        if (errno == EMFILE) {
            if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                               "Too many open connections\n");
            }
        } else if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                    "Failed to accept new client: %s\n", strerror(errno));

        }
        return false;
    }

    LOCK_STATS();
    int curr_conns = mc_stats.curr_conns++;
    UNLOCK_STATS();

    if (curr_conns >= settings.maxconns) {
        /* Allow admin connection even if # of connections is over maxconns */
        struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)&addr;
        if (strcmp(inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr), ADMIN_CLIENT_IP) != 0 ||
            curr_conns >= settings.maxconns + ADMIN_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
        {
            LOCK_STATS();
            ++mc_stats.rejected_conns;
            UNLOCK_STATS();

            if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                static uint32_t rejected_conn_log_count = 0;
                static rel_time_t rejected_conn_log_stime = 0;
                static const int REJECTED_CONN_CHK_INTERVAL = 60; /*check interval*/
                rel_time_t elapsed = get_current_time() - rejected_conn_log_stime;
                rejected_conn_log_count++;
                if (elapsed > REJECTED_CONN_CHK_INTERVAL) {
                    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                               "Too many open connections (maxconns) "
                               "(Total %u logs occured during %u secs)\n",
                               rejected_conn_log_count, elapsed);
                    rejected_conn_log_stime += elapsed;
                    rejected_conn_log_count = 0;
                }
            }
            safe_close(sfd);
            return false;
        }
    }

    if ((flags = fcntl(sfd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0 ||
        fcntl(sfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                "Failed to set nonblocking io: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        safe_close(sfd);
        return false;
    }

    dispatch_conn_new(sfd, conn_new_cmd, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                      DATA_BUFFER_SIZE, tcp_transport);
    return false;
}

bool conn_waiting(conn *c)
{
    if (!update_event(c, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST)) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                       "Couldn't update event in conn_waiting.\n");
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        return true;
    }
    conn_set_state(c, conn_read);
    return false;
}

bool conn_read(conn *c)
{
    int res = IS_UDP(c->transport) ? try_read_udp(c) : try_read_network(c);
    switch (res) {
    case READ_NO_DATA_RECEIVED:
        conn_set_state(c, conn_waiting);
        break;
    case READ_DATA_RECEIVED:
        conn_set_state(c, conn_parse_cmd);
        break;
    case READ_ERROR:
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        break;
    case READ_MEMORY_ERROR: /* Failed to allocate more memory */
        /* State already set by try_read_network */
        break;
    }

    return true;
}

bool conn_parse_cmd(conn *c)
{
    if (try_read_command(c) == 0) {
        /* wee need more data! */
        conn_set_state(c, conn_waiting);
    }

    /* try_read_command eventually calls write functions
     * that may return EWOULDBLOCK and set ewouldblock true.
     * So, remove the current connection from the event loop
     * and wait for notify_io_complete event.
     * See also conn_nread.
     */
    if (c->ewouldblock) {
        c->ewouldblock = false;
        if (should_io_blocked(c)) {
            return false; /* blocked */
        }
    }
    return true;
}

bool conn_new_cmd(conn *c)
{
    /* Only process nreqs at a time to avoid starving other connections */
    --c->nevents;
    if (c->nevents >= 0) {
        reset_cmd_handler(c);
    } else {
        STATS_ADD(c, conn_yields, 1);
        if (c->rbytes > 0) {
            /* We have already read in data into the input buffer,
               so libevent will most likely not signal read events
               on the socket (unless more data is available. As a
               hack we should just put in a request to write data,
               because that should be possible ;-)
            */
            if (!update_event(c, EV_WRITE | EV_PERSIST)) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                               "Couldn't update event in conn_new_cmd.\n");
                conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool conn_swallow(conn *c)
{
    ssize_t res;

    /* we are reading sbytes and throwing them away */
    if (c->sbytes == 0) {
        conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
        return true;
    }

    /* first check if we have leftovers in the conn_read buffer */
    if (c->rbytes > 0) {
        int tocopy = c->rbytes > c->sbytes ? c->sbytes : c->rbytes;
        c->sbytes -= tocopy;
        c->rcurr += tocopy;
        c->rbytes -= tocopy;
        return true;
    }

    /*  now try reading from the socket */
    res = read(c->sfd, c->rbuf, c->rsize > c->sbytes ? c->sbytes : c->rsize);
    if (res > 0) {
        STATS_ADD(c, bytes_read, res);
        c->sbytes -= res;
        return true;
    }
    if (res == 0) { /* end of stream */
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                           "Couldn't read in conn_swallow: end of stream.\n");
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        return true;
    }
    if (res == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
        if (!update_event(c, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST)) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                           "Couldn't update event in conn_swallow.\n");
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    if (errno != ENOTCONN && errno != ECONNRESET) {
        /* otherwise we have a real error, on which we close the connection */
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                "Failed to read in conn_swallow, and not due to blocking: err=(%d:%s), client_ip: %s\n",
                errno, strerror(errno), c->client_ip);
    } else {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                "Failed to read in conn_swallow, and not due to blocking: err=(%d:%s), client_ip: %s\n",
                errno, strerror(errno), c->client_ip);
    }

    conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    return true;
}

bool conn_nread(conn *c)
{
    ssize_t res;

    if (c->rlbytes == 0) {
        complete_nread(c);

        /* complete_nread eventually calls write functions
         * that may return EWOULDBLOCK and set ewouldblock true.
         * So, remove the current connection from the event loop
         * and wait for notify_io_complete event.
         * See also conn_parse_cmd.
         */
        if (c->ewouldblock) {
            c->ewouldblock = false;
            if (should_io_blocked(c)) {
                return false; /* blocked */
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /* first check if we have leftovers in the conn_read buffer */
    while (c->rbytes > 0) {
        int tocopy = c->rbytes > c->rlbytes ? c->rlbytes : c->rbytes;
        if (c->ritem != c->rcurr) {
            memmove(c->ritem, c->rcurr, tocopy);
        }
        c->ritem += tocopy;
        c->rlbytes -= tocopy;
        c->rcurr += tocopy;
        c->rbytes -= tocopy;
        if (c->rltotal > 0) { /* string block read */
            c->rltotal -= tocopy;
            if (c->rlbytes == 0 && c->rltotal > 0) {
                ritem_set_next(c);
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (c->rlbytes == 0) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /*  now try reading from the socket */
    res = read(c->sfd, c->ritem, c->rlbytes);
    if (res > 0) {
        STATS_ADD(c, bytes_read, res);
        if (c->rcurr == c->ritem) {
            c->rcurr += res;
        }
        c->ritem += res;
        c->rlbytes -= res;
        if (c->rltotal > 0) {
            c->rltotal -= res;
            if (c->rlbytes == 0 && c->rltotal > 0) {
                ritem_set_next(c);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    if (res == 0) { /* end of stream */
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                           "Couldn't read in conn_nread: end of stream.\n");
        }
        conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        return true;
    }
    if (res == -1 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
        if (!update_event(c, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST)) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                           "Couldn't update event in conn_nread.\n");
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    if (errno != ENOTCONN && errno != ECONNRESET) {
        /* otherwise we have a real error, on which we close the connection */
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                       "Failed to read in conn_nread, and not due to blocking: err=(%d:%s), client_ip: %s\n"
                       "rcurr=%lx ritem=%lx rbuf=%lx rlbytes=%d rsize=%d\n",
                       errno, strerror(errno), c->client_ip,
                       (long)c->rcurr, (long)c->ritem, (long)c->rbuf,
                       (int)c->rlbytes, (int)c->rsize);
    } else {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                       "Failed to read in conn_nread, and not due to blocking: err=(%d:%s), client_ip: %s\n"
                       "rcurr=%lx ritem=%lx rbuf=%lx rlbytes=%d rsize=%d\n",
                       errno, strerror(errno), c->client_ip,
                       (long)c->rcurr, (long)c->ritem, (long)c->rbuf,
                       (int)c->rlbytes, (int)c->rsize);
    }
    conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
    return true;
}

bool conn_write(conn *c)
{
    /*
     * We want to write out a simple response. If we haven't already,
     * assemble it into a msgbuf list (this will be a single-entry
     * list for TCP or a two-entry list for UDP).
     */
    if (c->iovused == 0 || (IS_UDP(c->transport) && c->iovused == 1)) {
        if (add_iov(c, c->wcurr, c->wbytes) != 0) {
            if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                               "Couldn't build response in conn_write.\n");
            }
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
            return true;
        }
    }

    return conn_mwrite(c);
}

bool conn_mwrite(conn *c)
{
    /* c->aiostat was set by notify_io_complete function.  */
    if (c->aiostat != ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        /* The response must be reset according to c->aiostat. */
    }

    /* Clear the ewouldblock so that the next read command from
     * the same connection does not falsely block and time out.
     */
    if (c->ewouldblock) {
        c->ewouldblock = false;
#ifdef MULTI_NOTIFY_IO_COMPLETE
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                "[FATAL] Unexpected ewouldblock in conn_mwrite().\n");
#endif
    }

    switch (transmit(c)) {
    case TRANSMIT_COMPLETE:
        if (c->state == conn_mwrite) {
            while (c->ileft > 0) {
                item *it = *(c->icurr);
                mc_engine.v1->release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
                c->icurr++;
                c->ileft--;
            }
#ifdef SCAN_COMMAND
            while (c->pleft > 0) {
                item *it = *(c->pcurr);
                mc_engine.v1->prefix_release(mc_engine.v0, c, it);
                c->pcurr++;
                c->pleft--;
            }
#endif
            while (c->suffixleft > 0) {
                char *suffix = *(c->suffixcurr);
                cache_free(c->thread->suffix_cache, suffix);
                c->suffixcurr++;
                c->suffixleft--;
            }
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
            if (c->lq_result) {
                lqdetect_result_release(c->lq_result);
                c->lq_result = NULL;
            }
#endif
            if (c->coll_eitem != NULL) {
                conn_coll_eitem_free(c);
                c->coll_eitem = NULL;
            }
            if (c->coll_strkeys != NULL) {
                assert(c->coll_strkeys == (void*)&c->memblist);
                mblck_list_free(&c->thread->mblck_pool, &c->memblist);
                c->coll_strkeys = NULL;
            }
            if (c->write_and_free != NULL) {
                free(c->write_and_free);
                c->write_and_free = NULL;
            }
            /* XXX:  I don't know why this wasn't the general case */
            if (c->protocol == binary_prot) {
                conn_set_state(c, c->write_and_go);
            } else {
                conn_set_state(c, conn_new_cmd);
            }
        } else if (c->state == conn_write) {
            if (c->write_and_free) {
                free(c->write_and_free);
                c->write_and_free = 0;
            }
            conn_set_state(c, c->write_and_go);
        } else {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, c,
                    "Unexpected state %s\n", state_text(c->state));
            conn_set_state(c, conn_closing);
        }
        break;

    case TRANSMIT_INCOMPLETE:
    case TRANSMIT_HARD_ERROR:
        break;                   /* Continue in state machine. */

    case TRANSMIT_SOFT_ERROR:
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool conn_closing(conn *c)
{
    if (IS_UDP(c->transport)) {
        conn_cleanup(c);
        conn_set_state(c, conn_read);
    } else {
        conn_close(c);
    }
    return false;
}

void event_handler(const int fd, const short which, void *arg)
{
    conn *c = (conn *)arg;
    assert(c != NULL);

    if (memcached_shutdown) {
        if (c->thread == NULL) {
            if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                        "Main thread is now terminating from event handler.\n");
            }
            event_base_loopbreak(c->event.ev_base);
            return;
        }
        if (memcached_shutdown > 1) {
            if (settings.verbose > 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                        "Worker thread[%d] is now terminating from event handler.\n",
                        c->thread->index);
            }
            event_base_loopbreak(c->event.ev_base);
            return;
        }
    }

    c->which = which;

    /* sanity */
    if (fd != c->sfd) {
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, c,
                    "Catastrophic: event fd doesn't match conn fd!\n");
        }
        conn_close(c);
        return;
    }

    perform_callbacks(ON_SWITCH_CONN, c, c);

    c->nevents = settings.reqs_per_event;

    while (c->state(c)) {
        /* do task */
    }
}

static int new_socket(struct addrinfo *ai)
{
    int sfd;
    int flags;

    if ((sfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
        return -1;
    }

    if ((flags = fcntl(sfd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0 ||
        fcntl(sfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
        perror("setting O_NONBLOCK");
        safe_close(sfd);
        return -1;
    }
    return sfd;
}


/*
 * Sets a socket's send buffer size to the maximum allowed by the system.
 */
static void maximize_sndbuf(const int sfd)
{
    socklen_t intsize = sizeof(int);
    int last_good = 0;
    int min, max, avg;
    int old_size;

    /* Start with the default size. */
    if (getsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (void *)&old_size, &intsize) != 0) {
        if (settings.verbose > 0)
            perror("getsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
        return;
    }

    /* Binary-search for the real maximum. */
    min = old_size;
    max = MAX_SENDBUF_SIZE;

    while (min <= max) {
        avg = ((unsigned int)(min + max)) / 2;
        if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (void *)&avg, intsize) == 0) {
            last_good = avg;
            min = avg + 1;
        } else {
            max = avg - 1;
        }
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG, NULL,
                "<%d send buffer was %d, now %d\n", sfd, old_size, last_good);
    }
}


/**
 * Create a socket and bind it to a specific port number
 * @param port the port number to bind to
 * @param transport the transport protocol (TCP / UDP)
 * @param portnumber_file A filepointer to write the port numbers to
 *        when they are successfully added to the list of ports we
 *        listen on.
 */
static int server_socket(int port, enum network_transport transport,
                         FILE *portnumber_file)
{
    int sfd;
    struct linger ling = {0, 0};
    struct addrinfo *ai;
    struct addrinfo *next;
    struct addrinfo hints = { .ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE,
                              .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC };
    char port_buf[NI_MAXSERV];
    int error;
    int success = 0;
    int flags =1;

    hints.ai_socktype = IS_UDP(transport) ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;

    if (port == -1) {
        port = 0;
    }
    snprintf(port_buf, sizeof(port_buf), "%d", port);
    error= getaddrinfo(settings.inter, port_buf, &hints, &ai);
    if (error != 0) {
        if (error != EAI_SYSTEM) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "getaddrinfo(): %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
        } else {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "getaddrinfo(): %s\n", strerror(error));
        }
        return 1;
    }

    for (next= ai; next; next= next->ai_next) {
        conn *listen_conn_add;
        if ((sfd = new_socket(next)) == -1) {
            /* getaddrinfo can return "junk" addresses,
             * we make sure at least one works before erroring.
             */
            continue;
        }

#ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
        if (next->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
            error = setsockopt(sfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, (char *) &flags, sizeof(flags));
            if (error != 0) {
                perror("setsockopt");
                safe_close(sfd);
                continue;
            }
        }
#endif

        setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&flags, sizeof(flags));
        if (IS_UDP(transport)) {
            maximize_sndbuf(sfd);
        } else {
            error = setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&flags, sizeof(flags));
            if (error != 0)
                perror("setsockopt");

            error = setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (void *)&ling, sizeof(ling));
            if (error != 0)
                perror("setsockopt");

            error = setsockopt(sfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (void *)&flags, sizeof(flags));
            if (error != 0)
                perror("setsockopt");
        }

        char addr_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        const void *addr = (next->ai_family == AF_INET) ?
                           (const void*)(&((struct sockaddr_in*)next->ai_addr)->sin_addr) :
                           (const void*)(&((struct sockaddr_in6*)next->ai_addr)->sin6_addr);
        inet_ntop(next->ai_family, addr, addr_buf, sizeof(addr_buf));

        if (bind(sfd, next->ai_addr, next->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                           "bind() error(%s:%d): %s\n", addr_buf, port, strerror(errno));
            safe_close(sfd);
            freeaddrinfo(ai);
            return 1;
        }
        if (!IS_UDP(transport) && listen(sfd, settings.backlog) == -1) {
            vperror("listen(%s:%d)", addr_buf, port);
            safe_close(sfd);
            freeaddrinfo(ai);
            return 1;
        }

        success++;
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                       "%s:%d start to listen\n", addr_buf, port);
        if (portnumber_file != NULL &&
            (next->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET ||
             next->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6)) {
            union {
                struct sockaddr_in in;
                struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
            } my_sockaddr;
            socklen_t len = sizeof(my_sockaddr);
            if (getsockname(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&my_sockaddr, &len)==0) {
                if (next->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
                    fprintf(portnumber_file, "%s INET: %u\n",
                            IS_UDP(transport) ? "UDP" : "TCP",
                            ntohs(my_sockaddr.in.sin_port));
                } else {
                    fprintf(portnumber_file, "%s INET6: %u\n",
                            IS_UDP(transport) ? "UDP" : "TCP",
                            ntohs(my_sockaddr.in6.sin6_port));
                }
            }
        }

        if (IS_UDP(transport)) {
            for (int c = 0; c < settings.num_threads; c++) {
                /* this is guaranteed to hit all threads because we round-robin */
                dispatch_conn_new(sfd, conn_read, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                  UDP_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, transport);
                LOCK_STATS();
                ++mc_stats.daemon_conns;
                UNLOCK_STATS();
            }
        } else {
            if (!(listen_conn_add = conn_new(sfd, conn_listening,
                                             EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, 1,
                                             transport, main_base, NULL))) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "failed to create listening connection\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            listen_conn_add->next = listen_conn;
            listen_conn = listen_conn_add;
            LOCK_STATS();
            ++mc_stats.daemon_conns;
            UNLOCK_STATS();
        }
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ai);

    /* Return zero iff we detected no errors in starting up connections */
    return success == 0;
}

static int new_socket_unix(void)
{
    int sfd;
    int flags;

    if ((sfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
        perror("socket()");
        return -1;
    }

    if ((flags = fcntl(sfd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0 ||
        fcntl(sfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
        perror("setting O_NONBLOCK");
        safe_close(sfd);
        return -1;
    }
    return sfd;
}

/* this will probably not work on windows */
static int server_socket_unix(const char *path, int access_mask)
{
    int sfd;
    struct linger ling = {0, 0};
    struct sockaddr_un addr;
    struct stat tstat;
    int flags =1;
    int old_umask;

    if (!path) {
        return 1;
    }

    if ((sfd = new_socket_unix()) == -1) {
        return 1;
    }

    /*
     * Clean up a previous socket file if we left it around
     */
    if (lstat(path, &tstat) == 0) {
        if (S_ISSOCK(tstat.st_mode))
            unlink(path);
    }

    setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&flags, sizeof(flags));
    setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&flags, sizeof(flags));
    setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (void *)&ling, sizeof(ling));

    /*
     * the memset call clears nonstandard fields in some impementations
     * that otherwise mess things up.
     */
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));

    addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strncpy(addr.sun_path, path, sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
    assert(strcmp(addr.sun_path, path) == 0);
    old_umask = umask( ~(access_mask&0777));
    if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
        perror("bind()");
        safe_close(sfd);
        umask(old_umask);
        return 1;
    }
    umask(old_umask);
    if (listen(sfd, settings.backlog) == -1) {
        perror("listen()");
        safe_close(sfd);
        return 1;
    }
    if (!(listen_conn = conn_new(sfd, conn_listening,
                                 EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, 1,
                                 local_transport, main_base, NULL))) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "failed to create listening connection\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    LOCK_STATS();
    ++mc_stats.daemon_conns;
    UNLOCK_STATS();

    return 0;
}

static struct event clockevent;

static void clock_handler(const int fd, const short which, void *arg)
{
    struct timeval t = {.tv_sec = 1, .tv_usec = 0};
    static bool initialized = false;

    if (memcached_shutdown) {
        if (settings.verbose > 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                    "Main thread is now terminating from clock handler.\n");
        }
        event_base_loopbreak(main_base);
        return;
    }

    if (initialized) {
        /* only delete the event if it's actually there. */
        evtimer_del(&clockevent);
    } else {
        initialized = true;
    }

    evtimer_set(&clockevent, clock_handler, 0);
    event_base_set(main_base, &clockevent);
    evtimer_add(&clockevent, &t);

    set_current_time();
}

static void usage(void)
{
    printf(PACKAGE " " VERSION "\n");
    printf("-p <num>      TCP port number to listen on (default: 11211)\n"
           "-U <num>      UDP port number to listen on (default: 11211, 0 is off)\n"
           "-s <file>     UNIX socket path to listen on (disables network support)\n"
           "-a <mask>     access mask for UNIX socket, in octal (default: 0700)\n"
           "-l <ip_addr>  interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY, all addresses)\n"
           "-d            run as a daemon\n"
           "-r            maximize core file limit\n"
           "-u <username> assume identity of <username> (only when run as root)\n"
           "-m <num>      max memory to use for items in megabytes (default: 64 MB)\n"
           "-M            return error on memory exhausted (rather than removing items)\n"
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
           "-g            sticky(gummed) memory limit in megabytes (default: 0 MB)\n"
#endif
           "-c <num>      max simultaneous connections (default: 1024)\n"
           "-k            lock down all paged memory.  Note that there is a\n"
           "              limit on how much memory you may lock.  Trying to\n"
           "              allocate more than that would fail, so be sure you\n"
           "              set the limit correctly for the user you started\n"
           "              the daemon with (not for -u <username> user;\n"
           "              under sh this is done with 'ulimit -S -l NUM_KB').\n"
           "-v            verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop)\n"
           "-vv           very verbose (also print client commands/reponses)\n"
           "-vvv          extremely verbose (also print internal state transitions)\n"
           "-h            print this help and exit\n"
           "-i            print memcached and libevent license\n"
           "-P <file>     save PID in <file>, only used with -d option\n"
           "-f <factor>   chunk size growth factor (default: 1.25)\n"
           "-n <bytes>    minimum space allocated for key+value+flags (default: 48)\n");
    printf("-L            Try to use large memory pages (if available). Increasing\n"
           "              the memory page size could reduce the number of TLB misses\n"
           "              and improve the performance. In order to get large pages\n"
           "              from the OS, memcached will allocate the total item-cache\n"
           "              in one large chunk.\n");
    printf("-D <char>     Use <char> as the delimiter between key prefixes and IDs.\n"
           "              This is used for per-prefix stats reporting. The default is\n"
           "              \":\" (colon). If this option is specified, stats collection\n"
           "              is turned on automatically; if not, then it may be turned on\n"
           "              by sending the \"stats detail on\" command to the server.\n");
    printf("-t <num>      number of threads to use (default: 4)\n");
    printf("-R            Maximum number of requests per event, limits the number of\n"
           "              requests process for a given connection to prevent \n"
           "              starvation (default: 20)\n");
    printf("-C            Disable use of CAS\n");
    printf("-b            Set the backlog queue limit (default: 1024)\n");
    printf("-B            Binding protocol - one of ascii, binary, or auto (default)\n");
    printf("-I            Override the size of each slab page. Adjusts max item size\n"
           "              (default: 1mb, min: 1k, max: 128m)\n");
    printf("-E <engine>   Engine to load, must be given (for example, -E .libs/default_engine.so)\n");
    printf("-e <config>   Engine config to load, -e option has higher priority than\n"
           "              the other options. (for example, -e config_file=</path>\n");
    printf("-q            Disable detailed stats commands\n");
#ifdef SASL_ENABLED
    printf("-S            Require SASL authentication\n");
#endif
    printf("-X module,cfg Load the module and initialize it with the config\n");
    printf("-O ip:port    Tap ip:port\n");
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    printf("-z ip:port list Zookeeper ensemble cluster servers\n");
    printf("-o <secs>     Zookeeper session timeout in seconds\n");
#ifdef PROXY_SUPPORT
    printf("-x ip:port    Proxy server ip:port\n");
#endif
#endif
    printf("\nEnvironment variables:\n"
           "MEMCACHED_PORT_FILENAME   File to write port information to\n"
           "MEMCACHED_TOP_KEYS        Number of top keys to keep track of\n");
}

static void usage_license(void)
{
    printf(PACKAGE " " VERSION "\n\n");
    printf(
    "Copyright (c) 2003, Danga Interactive, Inc. <http://www.danga.com/>\n"
    "All rights reserved.\n"
    "\n"
    "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n"
    "modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n"
    "met:\n"
    "\n"
    "    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n"
    "notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n"
    "\n"
    "    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n"
    "copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n"
    "in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n"
    "distribution.\n"
    "\n"
    "    * Neither the name of the Danga Interactive nor the names of its\n"
    "contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from\n"
    "this software without specific prior written permission.\n"
    "\n"
    "THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n"
    "\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n"
    "LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n"
    "A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n"
    "OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n"
    "SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n"
    "LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n"
    "DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n"
    "THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n"
    "(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n"
    "OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n"
    "\n"
    "\n"
    "This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.\n"
    "\n"
    "[ libevent ]\n"
    "\n"
    "Copyright 2000-2003 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>\n"
    "All rights reserved.\n"
    "\n"
    "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n"
    "modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n"
    "are met:\n"
    "1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n"
    "   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n"
    "2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n"
    "   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n"
    "   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n"
    "3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software\n"
    "   must display the following acknowledgement:\n"
    "      This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.\n"
    "4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products\n"
    "   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.\n"
    "\n"
    "THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR\n"
    "IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES\n"
    "OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.\n"
    "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n"
    "INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\n"
    "NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n"
    "DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n"
    "THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n"
    "(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF\n"
    "THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n"
    );
}

static void save_pid(const pid_t pid, const char *pid_file)
{
    FILE *fp;
    if (pid_file == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if ((fp = fopen(pid_file, "w")) == NULL) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Could not open the pid file %s for writing: %s\n",
                pid_file, strerror(errno));
        return;
    }

    fprintf(fp,"%ld\n", (long)pid);
    if (fclose(fp) == -1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Could not close the pid file %s: %s\n",
                pid_file, strerror(errno));
    }
}

static void remove_pidfile(const char *pid_file)
{
    if (pid_file != NULL) {
        if (unlink(pid_file) != 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Could not remove the pid file %s: %s\n",
                    pid_file, strerror(errno));
        }
    }
}

static void shutdown_server(void)
{
    shutdown_delay = 0;
    dynamic_shutdown = false;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&shutdown_lock);
    if (memcached_shutdown == 0) {
        memcached_shutdown = 1;
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
}

static void sigterm_handler(int sig)
{
    assert(sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGINT);

    if (settings.verbose) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                       "memcached shutdown by signal(%s)\n",
                       (sig == SIGINT ? "SIGINT" : "SIGTERM"));
    }
    shutdown_server();
}

static int install_sigterm_handler(void)
{
    struct sigaction sa = {.sa_handler = sigterm_handler, .sa_flags = 0};

    if (sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask) == -1 || sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, 0) == -1 ||
        sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, 0) == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * On systems that supports multiple page sizes we may reduce the
 * number of TLB-misses by using the biggest available page size
 */
static int enable_large_pages(void)
{
#if defined(HAVE_GETPAGESIZES) && defined(HAVE_MEMCNTL)
    int ret = -1;
    size_t sizes[32];
    int avail = getpagesizes(sizes, 32);
    if (avail != -1) {
        size_t max = sizes[0];
        struct memcntl_mha arg = {0};
        int ii;

        for (ii = 1; ii < avail; ++ii) {
            if (max < sizes[ii]) {
                max = sizes[ii];
            }
        }

        arg.mha_flags   = 0;
        arg.mha_pagesize = max;
        arg.mha_cmd = MHA_MAPSIZE_BSSBRK;

        if (memcntl(0, 0, MC_HAT_ADVISE, (caddr_t)&arg, 0, 0) == -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Failed to set large pages: %s\nWill use default page size\n",
                    strerror(errno));
        } else {
            ret = 0;
        }
    } else {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
            "Failed to get supported pagesizes: %s\nWill use default page size\n",
            strerror(errno));
    }

    return ret;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}

static const char* get_server_version(void)
{
    return VERSION;
}

static void store_engine_specific(const void *cookie, void *engine_data)
{
    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    c->engine_storage = engine_data;
}

static void *get_engine_specific(const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn*)cookie;
    return c->engine_storage;
}

static int get_socket_fd(const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn *)cookie;
    return c->sfd;
}

static const char* get_client_ip(const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn *)cookie;
    return (c != NULL ? c->client_ip : "null");
}

static int get_thread_index(const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn *)cookie;
    return c->thread->index;
}

static bool get_noreply(const void *cookie)
{
    conn *c = (conn *)cookie;
    return c->noreply;
}

static void *new_independent_stats(void)
{
    return threadlocal_stats_create(settings.num_threads);
}

static void release_independent_stats(void *stats)
{
    threadlocal_stats_destroy(stats);
}

static void count_eviction(const void *cookie, const void *key, const int nkey)
{
    TK(default_topkeys, evictions, key, nkey, get_current_time());
}

/**
 * Register an extension if it's not already registered
 *
 * @param type the type of the extension to register
 * @param extension the extension to register
 * @return true if success, false otherwise
 */
static bool register_extension(extension_type_t type, void *extension)
{
    if (extension == NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    switch (type) {
    case EXTENSION_DAEMON:
        for (EXTENSION_DAEMON_DESCRIPTOR *ptr = settings.extensions.daemons;
             ptr != NULL;
             ptr = ptr->next) {
            if (ptr == extension) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        ((EXTENSION_DAEMON_DESCRIPTOR *)(extension))->next = settings.extensions.daemons;
        settings.extensions.daemons = extension;
        return true;
    case EXTENSION_LOGGER:
        settings.extensions.logger = extension;
        mc_logger = settings.extensions.logger;
        return true;
    case EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL:
        if (settings.extensions.ascii != NULL) {
            EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR *last;
            for (last = settings.extensions.ascii; last->next != NULL;
                 last = last->next) {
                if (last == extension) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            if (last == extension) {
                return false;
            }
            last->next = extension;
            last->next->next = NULL;
        } else {
            settings.extensions.ascii = extension;
            settings.extensions.ascii->next = NULL;
        }
        return true;

    default:
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * Unregister an extension
 *
 * @param type the type of the extension to remove
 * @param extension the extension to remove
 */
static void unregister_extension(extension_type_t type, void *extension)
{
    switch (type) {
    case EXTENSION_DAEMON:
        {
            EXTENSION_DAEMON_DESCRIPTOR *prev = NULL;
            EXTENSION_DAEMON_DESCRIPTOR *ptr = settings.extensions.daemons;

            while (ptr != NULL && ptr != extension) {
                prev = ptr;
                ptr = ptr->next;
            }

            if (ptr != NULL && prev != NULL) {
                prev->next = ptr->next;
            }

            if (settings.extensions.daemons == ptr) {
                settings.extensions.daemons = ptr->next;
            }
        }
        break;
    case EXTENSION_LOGGER:
        if (settings.extensions.logger == extension) {
            if (get_stderr_logger() == extension) {
                settings.extensions.logger = get_null_logger();
            } else {
                settings.extensions.logger = get_stderr_logger();
            }
            mc_logger = settings.extensions.logger;
        }
        break;
    case EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL:
        {
            EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR *prev = NULL;
            EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR *ptr = settings.extensions.ascii;

            while (ptr != NULL && ptr != extension) {
                prev = ptr;
                ptr = ptr->next;
            }

            if (ptr != NULL && prev != NULL) {
                prev->next = ptr->next;
            }

            if (settings.extensions.ascii == ptr) {
                settings.extensions.ascii = ptr->next;
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        ;
    }
}

/**
 * Get the named extension
 */
static void* get_extension(extension_type_t type)
{
    switch (type) {
    case EXTENSION_DAEMON:
        return settings.extensions.daemons;

    case EXTENSION_LOGGER:
        return settings.extensions.logger;

    case EXTENSION_ASCII_PROTOCOL:
        return settings.extensions.ascii;

    default:
        return NULL;
    }
}

#ifdef ENABLE_CLUSTER_AWARE
static bool is_zk_integrated(void)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    if (arcus_zk_cfg)
        return true;
#endif
    return false;
}

static bool is_my_key(const char *key, size_t nkey)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    if (arcus_zk_cfg) {
        bool mine;
        if (arcus_key_is_mine(key, nkey, &mine) == 0) {
            return mine;
        }
        /* The cluster is invalid: go downward and return true */
    }
#endif
    return true;
}
#endif

static EXTENSION_LOGGER_DESCRIPTOR* get_logger(void)
{
    return settings.extensions.logger;
}

static EXTENSION_LOG_LEVEL get_log_level(void)
{
    EXTENSION_LOG_LEVEL ret;
    switch (settings.verbose) {
    case 0: ret = EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING; break;
    case 1: ret = EXTENSION_LOG_INFO; break;
    case 2: ret = EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG; break;
    default: ret = EXTENSION_LOG_DETAIL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static void set_log_level(EXTENSION_LOG_LEVEL severity)
{
    switch (severity) {
    case EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING: settings.verbose = 0; break;
    case EXTENSION_LOG_INFO: settings.verbose = 1; break;
    case EXTENSION_LOG_DEBUG: settings.verbose = 2; break;
    default: settings.verbose = 3;
    }
    perform_callbacks(ON_LOG_LEVEL, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * Callback the engines may call to get the public server interface
 * @return pointer to a structure containing the interface. The client should
 *         know the layout and perform the proper casts.
 */
static SERVER_HANDLE_V1 *get_server_api(void)
{
    static SERVER_CORE_API core_api = {
        .get_auth_data = get_auth_data,
        .store_engine_specific = store_engine_specific,
        .get_engine_specific = get_engine_specific,
        .get_socket_fd = get_socket_fd,
        .get_client_ip = get_client_ip,
        .get_thread_index = get_thread_index,
        .get_noreply = get_noreply,
        .server_version = get_server_version,
        .hash = mc_hash,
        .realtime = realtime,
#ifdef MULTI_NOTIFY_IO_COMPLETE
        .waitfor_io_complete = waitfor_io_complete,
#endif
        .notify_io_complete = notify_io_complete,
        .get_current_time = get_current_time,
#ifdef NEW_PREFIX_STATS_MANAGEMENT
        .prefix_stats_insert = prefix_stats_insert,
        .prefix_stats_delete = prefix_stats_delete,
#endif
        .parse_config = parse_config,
#ifdef ENABLE_CLUSTER_AWARE
        .is_zk_integrated = is_zk_integrated,
        .is_my_key = is_my_key,
#endif
        .shutdown = shutdown_server
    };

    static SERVER_STAT_API server_stat_api = {
        .new_stats = new_independent_stats,
        .release_stats = release_independent_stats,
        .evicting = count_eviction
    };

    static SERVER_LOG_API server_log_api = {
        .get_logger = get_logger,
        .get_level = get_log_level,
        .set_level = set_log_level
    };

    static SERVER_EXTENSION_API extension_api = {
        .register_extension = register_extension,
        .unregister_extension = unregister_extension,
        .get_extension = get_extension
    };

    static SERVER_CALLBACK_API callback_api = {
        .register_callback = register_callback,
        .perform_callbacks = perform_callbacks,
    };

    static SERVER_HANDLE_V1 rv = {
        .interface = 1,
        .core = &core_api,
        .stat = &server_stat_api,
        .extension = &extension_api,
        .callback = &callback_api,
        .log = &server_log_api
    };

    if (rv.engine == NULL) {
        rv.engine = mc_engine.v0;
    }

    return &rv;
}

/**
 * Load a shared object and initialize all the extensions in there.
 *
 * @param soname the name of the shared object (may not be NULL)
 * @param config optional configuration parameters
 * @return true if success, false otherwise
 */
static bool load_extension(const char *soname, const char *config)
{
    if (soname == NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    /* Hack to remove the warning from C99 */
    union my_hack {
        MEMCACHED_EXTENSIONS_INITIALIZE initialize;
        void* voidptr;
    } funky = {.initialize = NULL };

    void *handle = dlopen(soname, RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
    if (handle == NULL) {
        const char *msg = dlerror();
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Failed to open library \"%s\": %s\n",
                soname, msg ? msg : "unknown error");
        return false;
    }

    void *symbol = dlsym(handle, "memcached_extensions_initialize");
    if (symbol == NULL) {
        const char *msg = dlerror();
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Could not find symbol \"memcached_extensions_initialize\" in %s: %s\n",
                soname, msg ? msg : "unknown error");
        return false;
    }
    funky.voidptr = symbol;

    EXTENSION_ERROR_CODE error = (*funky.initialize)(config, get_server_api);

    if (error != EXTENSION_SUCCESS) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Failed to initialize extensions from %s. Error code: %d\n",
                soname, error);
        dlclose(handle);
        return false;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 0) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                "Loaded extensions from: %s\n", soname);
    }

    return true;
}

/**
 * Do basic sanity check of the runtime environment
 * @return true if no errors found, false if we can't use this env
 */
static bool sanitycheck(void)
{
    /* One of our biggest problems is old and bogus libevents */
    const char *ever = event_get_version();
    if (ever != NULL) {
        if (strncmp(ever, "1.", 2) == 0) {
            /* Require at least 1.3 (that's still a couple of years old) */
            if ((ever[2] == '1' || ever[2] == '2') && !isdigit(ever[3])) {
                fprintf(stderr, "You are using libevent %s.\nPlease upgrade to"
                        " a more recent version (1.3 or newer)\n",
                        event_get_version());
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static void settings_reload_engine_config(void)
{
    ENGINE_ERROR_CODE ret;
    uint32_t maxsize;
    uint32_t maxbytes;
    uint32_t scrubcount;

    /* Following settings are loaded by getting engine config */

    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "max_list_size", (void*)&maxsize);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.max_list_size = maxsize;
    }
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "max_set_size", (void*)&maxsize);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.max_set_size = maxsize;
    }
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "max_map_size", (void*)&maxsize);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.max_map_size = maxsize;
    }
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "max_btree_size", (void*)&maxsize);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.max_btree_size = maxsize;
    }
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "max_element_bytes", (void*)&maxbytes);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.max_element_bytes = maxbytes;
    }
    ret = mc_engine.v1->get_config(mc_engine.v0, NULL, "scrub_count", (void*)&scrubcount);
    if (ret == ENGINE_SUCCESS) {
        settings.scrub_count = scrubcount;
    }
}

static void close_listen_sockets(void)
{
    struct conn *conn;

    /* Just close listen sockets only.
     * We do not free listen connections.
     */
    conn = listen_conn;
    while (conn != NULL) {
        close(conn->sfd);
        conn = conn->next;
    }
}

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    int c;
    bool lock_memory = false;
    bool do_daemonize = false;
    //bool preallocate = false;
    int maxcore = 0;
    char *username = NULL;
    char *pid_file = NULL;
    struct passwd *pw;
    struct rlimit rlim;
    char unit = '\0';
    int size_max = 0;
    int cache_memory_limit = 0;
    int sticky_memory_limit = 0;

    bool protocol_specified = false;
    bool tcp_specified = false;
    bool udp_specified = false;

    const char *engine = NULL;
    const char *engine_config = NULL;
    char old_options[1024] = { [0] = '\0' };
    char *old_opts = old_options;

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    int  arcus_zk_to=0;
#ifdef PROXY_SUPPORT
    char *arcus_proxy_cfg = NULL;
#endif
#endif

    if (!sanitycheck()) {
        return EX_OSERR;
    }

    /* init settings */
    settings_init();

    /* memcached logger */
    mc_logger = settings.extensions.logger;

    if (memcached_initialize_stderr_logger(get_server_api) != EXTENSION_SUCCESS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize log system\n");
        return EX_OSERR;
    }

    /* process arguments */
    while (-1 != (c = getopt(argc, argv,
          "a:"  /* access mask for unix socket */
          "p:"  /* TCP port number to listen on */
          "s:"  /* unix socket path to listen on */
          "U:"  /* UDP port number to listen on */
          "m:"  /* max memory to use for items in megabytes */
          "M"   /* return error on memory exhausted */
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
          "g:"  /* sticky(gummed) memory limit */
#endif
          "c:"  /* max simultaneous connections */
          "k"   /* lock down all paged memory */
          "hi"  /* help, licence info */
          "r"   /* maximize core file limit */
          "v"   /* verbose */
          "d"   /* daemon mode */
          "l:"  /* interface to listen on */
          "u:"  /* user identity to run as */
          "P:"  /* save PID in file */
          "f:"  /* factor? */
          "n:"  /* minimum space allocated for key+value+flags */
          "t:"  /* threads */
          "D:"  /* prefix delimiter? */
          "L"   /* Large memory pages */
          "R:"  /* max requests per event */
          "C"   /* Disable use of CAS */
          "b:"  /* backlog queue limit */
          "B:"  /* Binding protocol */
          "I:"  /* Max item size */
          "S"   /* Sasl ON */
          "E:"  /* Engine to load */
          "e:"  /* Engine options */
          "q"   /* Disallow detailed stats */
          "X:"  /* Load extension */
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
          "z:"  /* Arcus Zookeeper */
          "o:"  /* Arcus Zookeeper session timeout option (sec) */
#ifdef PROXY_SUPPORT
          "x:"  /* Proxy server ip:port */
#endif
#endif
        ))) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'a':
            /* access for unix domain socket, as octal mask (like chmod)*/
            settings.access= strtol(optarg,NULL,8);
            break;
        case 'U':
            settings.udpport = atoi(optarg);
            udp_specified = true;
            break;
        case 'p':
            settings.port = atoi(optarg);
            tcp_specified = true;
            break;
        case 's':
            settings.socketpath = optarg;
            break;
        case 'm':
            cache_memory_limit = atoi(optarg);
            settings.maxbytes = (size_t)cache_memory_limit * 1024 * 1024;
            if (cache_memory_limit <= 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "The value of memory limit must be greater than 0.\n");
                return 1;
            }
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "cache_size=%llu;",
                                 (unsigned long long)settings.maxbytes);
            break;
        case 'M':
            settings.evict_to_free = 0;
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "eviction=false;");
            break;
#ifdef ENABLE_STICKY_ITEM
        case 'g':
            sticky_memory_limit = atoi(optarg);
            settings.sticky_limit = (size_t)sticky_memory_limit * 1024 * 1024;
            if (sticky_memory_limit <= 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "The value of sticky(gummed) memory limit must be greater than 0.\n");
                return 1;
            }
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "sticky_limit=%llu;",
                                (unsigned long long)settings.sticky_limit);
            break;
#endif
        case 'c':
            settings.maxconns = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'h':
            usage();
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        case 'i':
            usage_license();
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        case 'k':
            lock_memory = true;
            break;
        case 'v':
            settings.verbose++;
            perform_callbacks(ON_LOG_LEVEL, NULL, NULL);
            break;
        case 'l':
            settings.inter = strdup(optarg);
            break;
        case 'd':
            do_daemonize = true;
            break;
        case 'r':
            maxcore = 1;
            break;
        case 'R':
            settings.reqs_per_event = atoi(optarg);
            if (settings.reqs_per_event <= 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Number of requests per event must be greater than 0\n");
                return 1;
            }
            break;
        case 'u':
            username = optarg;
            break;
        case 'P':
            pid_file = optarg;
            break;
        case 'f':
            settings.factor = atof(optarg);
            if (settings.factor <= 1.0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Factor must be greater than 1\n");
                return 1;
            }
             old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "factor=%f;", settings.factor);
           break;
        case 'n':
            settings.chunk_size = atoi(optarg);
            if (settings.chunk_size <= 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Chunk size must be greater than 0\n");
                return 1;
            }
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "chunk_size=%d;", settings.chunk_size);
            break;
        case 't':
            settings.num_threads = atoi(optarg);
            if (settings.num_threads <= 0) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Number of threads must be greater than 0\n");
                return 1;
            }
            /* There're other problems when you get above 64 threads.
             * In the future we should portably detect # of cores for the
             * default.
             */
            if (settings.num_threads > 64) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "WARNING: Setting a high number of worker"
                        "threads is not recommended.\n"
                        " Set this value to the number of cores in"
                        " your machine or less.\n");
            }
            break;
        case 'D':
            settings.prefix_delimiter = optarg[0];
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "prefix_delimiter=%c;", settings.prefix_delimiter);
            settings.detail_enabled = 1;
            break;
        case 'L' :
            if (enable_large_pages() == 0) {
                //preallocate = true;
                old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "preallocate=true;");
            }
            break;
        case 'C' :
            settings.use_cas = false;
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "use_cas=false;");
            break;
        case 'b' :
            settings.backlog = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'B':
            protocol_specified = true;
            if (strcmp(optarg, "auto") == 0) {
                settings.binding_protocol = negotiating_prot;
            } else if (strcmp(optarg, "binary") == 0) {
                settings.binding_protocol = binary_prot;
            } else if (strcmp(optarg, "ascii") == 0) {
                settings.binding_protocol = ascii_prot;
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Invalid value for binding protocol: %s\n"
                        " -- should be one of auto, binary, or ascii\n", optarg);
                exit(EX_USAGE);
            }
            break;
        case 'I':
            unit = optarg[strlen(optarg)-1];
            if (unit == 'k' || unit == 'm' ||
                unit == 'K' || unit == 'M') {
                optarg[strlen(optarg)-1] = '\0';
                size_max = atoi(optarg);
                if (unit == 'k' || unit == 'K')
                    size_max *= 1024;
                if (unit == 'm' || unit == 'M')
                    size_max *= 1024 * 1024;
                settings.item_size_max = size_max;
            } else {
                settings.item_size_max = atoi(optarg);
            }
            /* small memory allocator needs the maximum item size larger than 20 KB */
            //if (settings.item_size_max < 1024) {
            if (settings.item_size_max < 1024 * 20) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Item max size cannot be less than 20KB.\n");
                return 1;
            }
            if (settings.item_size_max > 1024 * 1024 * 128) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Cannot set item size limit higher than 128 mb.\n");
                return 1;
            }
            if (settings.item_size_max > 1024 * 1024) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "WARNING: Setting item max size above 1MB is not"
                    " recommended!\n"
                    " Raising this limit increases the minimum memory requirements\n"
                    " and will decrease your memory efficiency.\n"
                );
            }
            old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "item_size_max=%llu;", (unsigned long long)
                                settings.item_size_max);
            break;
        case 'E':
            engine = optarg;
            break;
        case 'e':
            engine_config = optarg;
            break;
        case 'q':
            settings.allow_detailed = false;
            break;
        case 'S': /* set Sasl authentication to true. Default is false */
#ifndef SASL_ENABLED
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "This server is not built with SASL support.\n");
            exit(EX_USAGE);
#endif
            settings.require_sasl = true;
            break;
        case 'X' :
            {
                char *ptr = strchr(optarg, ',');
                if (ptr != NULL) {
                    *ptr = '\0';
                    ++ptr;
                }
                if (!load_extension(optarg, ptr)) {
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                if (ptr != NULL) {
                    *(ptr - 1) = ',';
                }
            }
            break;
#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
        case 'z': /* configure for Arcus zookeeper cluster */
                  /* host_list in the form of
                     -z 10.0.0.1:2181,10.0.0.2:2181,10.0.0.3:2181 */
            arcus_zk_cfg = optarg;
            break;
        case 'o': /* Arcus Zookeeper session timeout */
            arcus_zk_to = atoi(optarg); // this value is in seconds
            break;
#ifdef PROXY_SUPPORT
        case 'x': /* configure for proxy server */
            arcus_proxy_cfg = strdup(optarg);
            break;
#endif

#endif
        default:
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Illegal argument \"%c\"\n", c);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "num_threads=%lu;", (unsigned long)settings.num_threads);
    if (settings.verbose) {
        old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "verbose=%lu;", (unsigned long)settings.verbose);
    }

    if (install_sigterm_handler() != 0) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                       "Failed to install SIGTERM handler\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char *topkeys_env = getenv("MEMCACHED_TOP_KEYS");
    if (topkeys_env != NULL) {
        settings.topkeys = atoi(topkeys_env);
        if (settings.topkeys < 0) {
            settings.topkeys = 0;
        }
    }

    if (settings.require_sasl) {
        if (!protocol_specified) {
            settings.binding_protocol = binary_prot;
        } else {
            if (settings.binding_protocol == negotiating_prot) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "ERROR: You cannot use auto-negotiating protocol while requiring SASL.\n");
                exit(EX_USAGE);
            }
            if (settings.binding_protocol == ascii_prot) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "ERROR: You cannot use only ASCII protocol while requiring SASL.\n");
                exit(EX_USAGE);
            }
        }
    }

    if (udp_specified && settings.udpport != 0 && !tcp_specified) {
        settings.port = settings.udpport;
    }

    /* Following code of setting max collection size will be deprecated. */
#define MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE  10000
#define MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE  1000000
    if (1) { /* check max collection size from environment variables */
        int value;

        char *arcus_max_list_size = getenv("ARCUS_MAX_LIST_SIZE");
        if (arcus_max_list_size != NULL) {
            value = atoi(arcus_max_list_size);
            if (value >= MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE && value <= MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE) {
                settings.max_list_size = value;
                old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "max_list_size=%d;", value);
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                        "Wrong ARCUS_MAX_LIST_SIZE value: %d, (Allowable range: %u ~ %u)\n",
                         value, MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE);
            }
        }
        char *arcus_max_set_size = getenv("ARCUS_MAX_SET_SIZE");
        if (arcus_max_set_size != NULL) {
            value = atoi(arcus_max_set_size);
            if (value >= MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE && value <= MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE) {
                settings.max_set_size = value;
                old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "max_set_size=%d;", value);
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                        "Wrong ARCUS_MAX_SET_SIZE value: %d, (Allowable range: %u ~ %u)\n",
                         value, MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE);
            }
        }
        char *arcus_max_map_size = getenv("ARCUS_MAX_MAP_SIZE");
        if (arcus_max_map_size != NULL) {
            value = atoi(arcus_max_map_size);
            if (value >= MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE && value <= MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE) {
                settings.max_map_size = value;
                old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "max_map_size=%d;", value);
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                        "Wrong ARCUS_MAX_MAP_SIZE value: %d, (Allowable range: %u ~ %u)\n",
                         value, MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE);
            }
        }
        char *arcus_max_btree_size = getenv("ARCUS_MAX_BTREE_SIZE");
        if (arcus_max_btree_size != NULL) {
            value = atoi(arcus_max_btree_size);
            if (value >= MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE && value <= MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE) {
                settings.max_btree_size = value;
                old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "max_btree_size=%d;", value);
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                        "Wrong ARCUS_MAX_BTREE_SIZE value: %d, (Allowable range: %u ~ %u)\n",
                         value, MINIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_MAX_COLL_SIZE);
            }
        }
    }

    if (engine_config != NULL && strlen(old_options) > 0) {
        /* If there is -e, just append it to the "old" options that we have
         * accumulated so far.
         */
        old_opts += sprintf(old_opts, "%s", engine_config);
        engine_config = NULL; /* So we set it to old_options below... */
        /*
        settings.extensions.logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "ERROR: You can't mix -e with the old options\n");
        return EX_USAGE;
        */
    }
    if (engine_config == NULL && strlen(old_options) > 0) {
        engine_config = old_options;
    }
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "engine config: %s\n", engine_config);

    if (maxcore != 0) {
        struct rlimit rlim_new;
        /*
         * First try raising to infinity; if that fails, try bringing
         * the soft limit to the hard.
         */
        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) == 0) {
            rlim_new.rlim_cur = rlim_new.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
            if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim_new)!= 0) {
                /* failed. try raising just to the old max */
                rlim_new.rlim_cur = rlim_new.rlim_max = rlim.rlim_max;
                (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim_new);
            }
        }
        /*
         * getrlimit again to see what we ended up with. Only fail if
         * the soft limit ends up 0, because then no core files will be
         * created at all.
         */

        if ((getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) != 0) || rlim.rlim_cur == 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "failed to ensure corefile creation\n");
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }
    }

    /*
     * If needed, increase rlimits to allow as many connections
     * as needed.
     */

    if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) != 0) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "failed to getrlimit number of files\n");
        exit(EX_OSERR);
    } else {
        /* Make room for arcus_zk and others (+ 20) */
        int maxfiles = settings.maxconns + 20;
        if (rlim.rlim_cur < maxfiles)
            rlim.rlim_cur = maxfiles;
        if (rlim.rlim_max < rlim.rlim_cur)
            rlim.rlim_max = rlim.rlim_cur;
        if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) != 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "failed to set rlimit for open files. Try running as"
                    " root or requesting smaller maxconns value.\n");
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }
    }

    /* Sanity check for the connection structures */
    int nfiles = 0;
    if (settings.port != 0) {
        nfiles += 2;
    }
    if (settings.udpport != 0) {
        nfiles += settings.num_threads * 2;
    }

    if (settings.maxbytes < settings.sticky_limit) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
            "The value of memory limit cannot be smaller than sticky_limit.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (settings.maxconns <= nfiles) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Configuratioin error. \n"
                "You specified %d connections, but the system will use at "
                "least %d\nconnection structures to start.\n",
                settings.maxconns, nfiles);
        exit(EX_USAGE);
    }

    /* lose root privileges if we have them */
    if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
        if (username == 0 || *username == '\0') {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "can't run as root without the -u switch\n");
            exit(EX_USAGE);
        }
        if ((pw = getpwnam(username)) == 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "can't find the user %s to switch to\n", username);
            exit(EX_NOUSER);
        }
        if (setgid(pw->pw_gid) < 0 || setuid(pw->pw_uid) < 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "failed to assume identity of user %s: %s\n", username,
                    strerror(errno));
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }
    }

#ifdef SASL_ENABLED
    init_sasl();
#endif /* SASL */

    /* daemonize if requested */
    /* if we want to ensure our ability to dump core, don't chdir to / */
    if (do_daemonize) {
        if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Failed to ignore SIGHUP: %s", strerror(errno));
        }
        if (daemonize(maxcore, settings.verbose) == -1) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "failed to daemon() in order to daemonize\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    /* lock paged memory if needed */
    if (lock_memory) {
#ifdef HAVE_MLOCKALL
        int res = mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE);
        if (res != 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "warning: -k invalid, mlockall() failed: %s\n",
                    strerror(errno));
        }
#else
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "warning: -k invalid, mlockall() not supported on this platform.  proceeding without.\n");
#endif
    }

    /* initialize main thread libevent instance */
    main_base = event_base_new();

    /* initialize other stuff */
    stats_init();

    /* initialize clock event */
    clock_handler(0, 0, 0);

    /* load and initialize the storage engine */
    ENGINE_HANDLE *engine_handle = NULL;
    if (!load_engine(engine, get_server_api, mc_logger, &engine_handle)) {
        /* error already reported */
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (!init_engine(engine_handle, engine_config, mc_logger)) {
        return false;
    }

    if (settings.verbose > 0) {
        log_engine_details(engine_handle, mc_logger);
    }
    mc_engine.v1 = (ENGINE_HANDLE_V1 *) engine_handle;

    /* reload the configs set by engine internal */
    settings_reload_engine_config();

    if (!(conn_cache = cache_create("conn", sizeof(conn), sizeof(void*),
                                    conn_constructor, conn_destructor))) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Failed to create connection cache\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

#ifndef __WIN32__
    /*
     * ignore SIGPIPE signals; we can use errno == EPIPE if we
     * need that information
     */
    if (signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "failed to ignore SIGPIPE; sigaction");
        exit(EX_OSERR);
    }
#endif

#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
    /* initialize command logging */
    cmdlog_init(settings.port, mc_logger);
#endif

#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    /* initialize long query detection */
    if (lqdetect_init(mc_logger) == -1) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Can't allocate long query detection buffer\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
#endif

    /* start up worker threads if MT mode */
    thread_init(settings.num_threads, main_base);
    if ((default_thread_stats = new_independent_stats()) == NULL) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Failed to create thread stats.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (settings.topkeys > 0) {
        default_topkeys = topkeys_init(settings.topkeys);
    }
    /* Do not use the thread_stats maintained by engine.
     * Let's rethink about the mechanism and APIs. (FIXME)
     */
    if (mc_engine.v1->get_stats_struct != NULL ||
        mc_engine.v1->aggregate_stats != NULL) {
        mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                "Failed to validate the engine stats API.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* create unix mode sockets after dropping privileges */
    if (settings.socketpath != NULL) {
        if (server_socket_unix(settings.socketpath,settings.access)) {
            vperror("failed to listen on UNIX socket: %s", settings.socketpath);
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }
    }

    /* create the listening socket, bind it, and init */
    if (settings.socketpath == NULL) {
        //int udp_port;
        const char *portnumber_filename = getenv("MEMCACHED_PORT_FILENAME");
        char temp_portnumber_filename[PATH_MAX];
        FILE *portnumber_file = NULL;

        if (portnumber_filename != NULL) {
            snprintf(temp_portnumber_filename,
                     sizeof(temp_portnumber_filename),
                     "%s.lck", portnumber_filename);

            portnumber_file = fopen(temp_portnumber_filename, "a");
            if (portnumber_file == NULL) {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                        "Failed to open \"%s\": %s\n",
                        temp_portnumber_filename, strerror(errno));
            }
        }

        if (settings.port && server_socket(settings.port, tcp_transport,
                                           portnumber_file)) {
            vperror("failed to listen on TCP port %d", settings.port);
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }

        /*
         * initialization order: first create the listening sockets
         * (may need root on low ports), then drop root if needed,
         * then daemonise if needed, then init libevent (in some cases
         * descriptors created by libevent wouldn't survive forking).
         */
        //udp_port = settings.udpport ? settings.udpport : settings.port;

        /* create the UDP listening socket and bind it */
        if (settings.udpport && server_socket(settings.udpport, udp_transport,
                                              portnumber_file)) {
            vperror("failed to listen on UDP port %d", settings.udpport);
            exit(EX_OSERR);
        }

        if (portnumber_file) {
            fclose(portnumber_file);
            rename(temp_portnumber_filename, portnumber_filename);
        }
    }

    /* Drop privileges no longer needed */
    drop_privileges();


#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    /* initialize Arcus ZK cluster connection */
    if (arcus_zk_cfg) {
        /* init mc hearbeat */
        if (arcus_hb_init(settings.port, mc_logger, shutdown_server) < 0) {
            mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_WARNING, NULL,
                    "Failed to initialize arcus heartbeat.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        /* init zk module */
        arcus_zk_init(arcus_zk_cfg, arcus_zk_to, mc_logger,
                      settings.verbose, settings.maxbytes, settings.port,
#ifdef PROXY_SUPPORT
                      arcus_proxy_cfg,
#endif
                      mc_engine.v1);
    }
#endif

    /* Save the PID in the pid file if we're a daemon.
     * Do this after the successful startup of memcached.
     */
    if (do_daemonize)
        save_pid(getpid(), pid_file);

    /* enter the event loop */
    event_base_loop(main_base, 0);

    /* Memcached shutdown process */
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "Initiating arcus memcached shutdown...\n");

    /* 1) remove the PID file if we're a daemon */
    if (do_daemonize)
        remove_pidfile(pid_file);

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    /* 2) shutdown arcus ZK connection */
    if (arcus_zk_cfg) {
        /* final zk module */
        arcus_zk_final("graceful shutdown");
        /* final mc heartbeat */
        arcus_hb_final();
    }
#endif

    /* 3) close listen sockes not to accept new connections */
    close_listen_sockets();
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "Listen sockets closed.\n");

    /* 4) wait until existing clients close */
    unsigned int prev_conns = UINT_MAX;
    while (shutdown_delay > 0) {
        if (dynamic_shutdown) {
            LOCK_STATS();
            if (mc_stats.curr_conns > 0 && mc_stats.curr_conns < prev_conns) {
                prev_conns = mc_stats.curr_conns;
            } else {
                mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL,
                    "Client connections haven't been reduced. "
                    "Shuts down %dms earlier than scheduled time.\n",
                    shutdown_delay);
                shutdown_delay = 0;
            }
            UNLOCK_STATS();
            if (shutdown_delay <= 0) break;
        }
        usleep(200000); /* sleep 200ms */
        shutdown_delay -= 200;
    }

    /* 5) shutdown all threads */
    pthread_mutex_lock(&shutdown_lock);
    memcached_shutdown = 2;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
    threads_shutdown();
    release_independent_stats(default_thread_stats);
    if (default_topkeys) {
        topkeys_free(default_topkeys);
    }
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "Worker threads terminated.\n");

    /* 6) destroy data structures */
#ifdef COMMAND_LOGGING
    cmdlog_final(); /* finalize command logging */
#endif
#ifdef DETECT_LONG_QUERY
    lqdetect_final(); /* finalize long query detection */
#endif
    mc_engine.v1->destroy(mc_engine.v0);
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "Memcached engine destroyed.\n");

#ifdef ENABLE_ZK_INTEGRATION
    /* 7) destroy cluster config structure */
    if (arcus_zk_cfg) {
        arcus_zk_destroy();
    }
#endif

    /* Clean up strdup() call for bind() address */
    if (settings.inter) {
        free(settings.inter);
    }

    event_base_free(main_base);
    mc_logger->log(EXTENSION_LOG_INFO, NULL, "Arcus memcached terminated.\n");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}