diff --git a/.iwyu.imp b/.iwyu.imp
index 53fddd24aa..7ebbeae511 100644
--- a/.iwyu.imp
+++ b/.iwyu.imp
@@ -9,5 +9,8 @@
 
   # Local opentelemetry-cpp
 
+  { "include": ["<gtest/gtest-message.h>", "private", "<gtest/gtest.h>", "public"] },
+  { "include": ["<gtest/gtest-test-part.h>", "private", "<gtest/gtest.h>", "public"] },
+  { "include": ["<gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h>", "private", "<gtest/gtest.h>", "public"] },
 ]
 
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h
index a5e46a7d56..0b0bd1ac40 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h
@@ -3,10 +3,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace baggage
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h
index 067e0f291f..1464892b25 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/attribute_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/context/context.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/context/context.h
index 29345fba94..234a710f31 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/context/context.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/context/context.h
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace context
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h
index 54e0df7b61..7e1a33b1ab 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h
index 1064c966d7..6f0c2dd330 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <memory>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace nostd
 {
 template <class Sig>
-class function_ref;
+class function_ref;  // IWYU pragma: keep
 
 /**
  * Non-owning function reference that can be used as a more performant
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
index 25c7f19e95..f6fba87557 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 
 #if !defined(OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_STD_STRING_VIEW)
 #  include <algorithm>
-#  include <cstddef>
 #  include <cstring>
+#  include <functional>
 #  include <ostream>
 #  include <stdexcept>
 #  include <string>
+#  include <type_traits>
+#  include <utility>
 
-#  include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace nostd
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
index d0b2d96001..6f3837c588 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
 #  ifdef HAVE_ABSEIL
 #    include "absl/types/variant.h"
 #  else
-#    include "./internal/absl/types/variant.h"
+#    include "opentelemetry/nostd/internal/absl/types/variant.h"
 #  endif
 
 #  ifdef _MSC_VER
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h
index 3ee08506fe..ae99aaa032 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/plugin/factory.h"
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #  include "opentelemetry/plugin/detail/dynamic_load_windows.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
 #else
@@ -17,8 +19,6 @@ OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace plugin
 {
 
-class Factory;
-
 /**
  * Load an OpenTelemetry implementation as a plugin.
  * @param plugin the path to the plugin to load
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/noop.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/noop.h
index 64f2d4a431..c04ba32aa2 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/noop.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/noop.h
@@ -7,16 +7,22 @@
 // This file is part of the internal implementation of OpenTelemetry. Nothing in this file should be
 // used directly. Please refer to span.h and tracer.h for documentation on these interfaces.
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/attribute_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context_kv_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/provider.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/provider.h
index 2393f63e04..a43e1e9d58 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/provider.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/provider.h
@@ -6,17 +6,15 @@
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/spin_lock_mutex.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace trace
 {
 
-class TracerProvider;
-
 /**
  * Stores the singleton global TracerProvider.
  */
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/scope.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/scope.h
index 61872297da..86ed153753 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/scope.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/scope.h
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace trace
 {
 
-class Span;
-
 /**
  * Controls how long a span is active.
  *
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h
index 039cd34d24..b423b383d1 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
index d29932b1bf..17261be250 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstdint>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/common/kv_properties.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
 
diff --git a/api/test/baggage/baggage_benchmark.cc b/api/test/baggage/baggage_benchmark.cc
index 4ced142327..0786537cc0 100644
--- a/api/test/baggage/baggage_benchmark.cc
+++ b/api/test/baggage/baggage_benchmark.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
-
-#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
-#include <cstdint>
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry::baggage;
 namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;
diff --git a/api/test/baggage/baggage_test.cc b/api/test/baggage/baggage_test.cc
index f29615c983..6f0347eef9 100644
--- a/api/test/baggage/baggage_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/baggage/baggage_test.cc
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
-
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/kv_properties.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
-using namespace opentelemetry;
 using namespace opentelemetry::baggage;
 
 std::string header_with_custom_entries(size_t num_entries)
@@ -82,7 +84,8 @@ TEST(BaggageTest, ValidateExtractHeader)
   {
     auto baggage = Baggage::FromHeader(testcase.input);
     size_t index = 0;
-    baggage->GetAllEntries([&testcase, &index](nostd::string_view key, nostd::string_view value) {
+    baggage->GetAllEntries([&testcase, &index](opentelemetry::nostd::string_view key,
+                                               opentelemetry::nostd::string_view value) {
       EXPECT_EQ(key, testcase.keys[index]);
       EXPECT_EQ(value, testcase.values[index]);
       index++;
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ TEST(BaggageTest, ValidateExtractHeader)
   // Entries beyond threshold are dropped
   auto baggage = Baggage::FromHeader(header_with_custom_entries(Baggage::kMaxKeyValuePairs + 1));
   auto header  = baggage->ToHeader();
-  common::KeyValueStringTokenizer kv_str_tokenizer(header);
+  opentelemetry::common::KeyValueStringTokenizer kv_str_tokenizer(header);
   int expected_tokens = Baggage::kMaxKeyValuePairs;
   EXPECT_EQ(kv_str_tokenizer.NumTokens(), expected_tokens);
 
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ TEST(BaggageTest, ValidateInjectHeader)
 
   for (auto &testcase : testcases)
   {
-    nostd::shared_ptr<Baggage> baggage(new Baggage{});
+    opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<Baggage> baggage(new Baggage{});
     for (size_t i = 0; i < testcase.keys.size(); i++)
     {
       baggage = baggage->Set(testcase.keys[i], testcase.values[i]);
@@ -202,17 +205,17 @@ TEST(BaggageTest, BaggageRemove)
 
 TEST(BaggageTest, BaggageGetAll)
 {
-  std::string baggage_header           = "k1=v1,k2=v2,k3=v3";
-  auto baggage                         = Baggage::FromHeader(baggage_header);
-  const int kNumPairs                  = 3;
-  nostd::string_view keys[kNumPairs]   = {"k1", "k2", "k3"};
-  nostd::string_view values[kNumPairs] = {"v1", "v2", "v3"};
-  size_t index                         = 0;
-  baggage->GetAllEntries(
-      [&keys, &values, &index](nostd::string_view key, nostd::string_view value) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(key, keys[index]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(value, values[index]);
-        index++;
-        return true;
-      });
+  std::string baggage_header                          = "k1=v1,k2=v2,k3=v3";
+  auto baggage                                        = Baggage::FromHeader(baggage_header);
+  const int kNumPairs                                 = 3;
+  opentelemetry::nostd::string_view keys[kNumPairs]   = {"k1", "k2", "k3"};
+  opentelemetry::nostd::string_view values[kNumPairs] = {"v1", "v2", "v3"};
+  size_t index                                        = 0;
+  baggage->GetAllEntries([&keys, &values, &index](opentelemetry::nostd::string_view key,
+                                                  opentelemetry::nostd::string_view value) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, keys[index]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, values[index]);
+    index++;
+    return true;
+  });
 }
diff --git a/api/test/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator_test.cc b/api/test/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator_test.cc
index c966fe7603..0efe1fac19 100644
--- a/api/test/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator_test.cc
@@ -2,11 +2,20 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h"
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/baggage/baggage_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/baggage/propagation/baggage_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 using namespace opentelemetry::baggage::propagation;
diff --git a/api/test/common/kv_properties_test.cc b/api/test/common/kv_properties_test.cc
index f616664265..e81ee6979c 100644
--- a/api/test/common/kv_properties_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/common/kv_properties_test.cc
@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <opentelemetry/common/kv_properties.h>
-
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <opentelemetry/common/kv_properties.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
+
 // ------------------------- Entry class tests ---------------------------------
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
diff --git a/api/test/common/spinlock_benchmark.cc b/api/test/common/spinlock_benchmark.cc
index d0fef2c41b..b5e98a2108 100644
--- a/api/test/common/spinlock_benchmark.cc
+++ b/api/test/common/spinlock_benchmark.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/spin_lock_mutex.h"
-
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#  if defined(__clang__) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    include <emmintrin.h>  // for _mm_pause
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/spin_lock_mutex.h"
 
 namespace
 {
diff --git a/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc b/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
index da2e635119..f074d4fbe3 100644
--- a/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <opentelemetry/common/string_util.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
+#include <opentelemetry/common/string_util.h>
 
 // ------------------------- StringUtil class tests ---------------------------------
 
diff --git a/api/test/context/context_test.cc b/api/test/context/context_test.cc
index 294f1cd180..0798d7a130 100644
--- a/api/test/context/context_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/context/context_test.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <map>
+#include <string>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/context/propagation/composite_propagator_test.cc b/api/test/context/propagation/composite_propagator_test.cc
index 075841080f..e905f64e1a 100644
--- a/api/test/context/propagation/composite_propagator_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/context/propagation/composite_propagator_test.cc
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/composite_propagator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/b3_propagator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
-
-#include <map>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/context/runtime_context_test.cc b/api/test/context/runtime_context_test.cc
index cd551c599c..f8407b0ca8 100644
--- a/api/test/context/runtime_context_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/context/runtime_context_test.cc
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/core/timestamp_test.cc b/api/test/core/timestamp_test.cc
index 8efc0215be..ba3c70e4e5 100644
--- a/api/test/core/timestamp_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/core/timestamp_test.cc
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::common::SteadyTimestamp;
 using opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp;
diff --git a/api/test/core/version_test.cc b/api/test/core/version_test.cc
index 2e360ffdad..1ceb68602b 100644
--- a/api/test/core/version_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/core/version_test.cc
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 TEST(VersionTest, Consistency)
 {
diff --git a/api/test/logs/logger_benchmark.cc b/api/test/logs/logger_benchmark.cc
index 7e8913a3f7..29808fa003 100644
--- a/api/test/logs/logger_benchmark.cc
+++ b/api/test/logs/logger_benchmark.cc
@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/logs/provider.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-
-#include <chrono>
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/severity.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::logs::EventId;
 using opentelemetry::logs::Provider;
 using opentelemetry::logs::Severity;
 
-namespace common  = opentelemetry::common;
-namespace nostd   = opentelemetry::nostd;
-namespace trace   = opentelemetry::trace;
-namespace log_api = opentelemetry::logs;
-
 namespace
 {
 
diff --git a/api/test/logs/logger_test.cc b/api/test/logs/logger_test.cc
index 848f053453..351e079dd4 100644
--- a/api/test/logs/logger_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/logs/logger_test.cc
@@ -2,13 +2,27 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <array>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/attribute_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_logger_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/log_record.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger_provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/logs/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/severity.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::logs::EventId;
 using opentelemetry::logs::Logger;
diff --git a/api/test/logs/provider_test.cc b/api/test/logs/provider_test.cc
index 92c589ef7e..298289ceab 100644
--- a/api/test/logs/provider_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/logs/provider_test.cc
@@ -2,10 +2,17 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <array>
+#include <string>
 
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/event_logger_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger_provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/logs/provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::logs::EventLogger;
 using opentelemetry::logs::EventLoggerProvider;
diff --git a/api/test/metrics/meter_provider_test.cc b/api/test/metrics/meter_provider_test.cc
index b8fb083799..639f0e8f49 100644
--- a/api/test/metrics/meter_provider_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/metrics/meter_provider_test.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/metrics/meter_provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/noop.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
diff --git a/api/test/metrics/noop_sync_instrument_test.cc b/api/test/metrics/noop_sync_instrument_test.cc
index 6411e0e820..4218f2b4ff 100644
--- a/api/test/metrics/noop_sync_instrument_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/metrics/noop_sync_instrument_test.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/noop.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/metrics/sync_instruments.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
 TEST(Counter, Add)
 {
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/shared_ptr_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/shared_ptr_test.cc
index 2ebba82628..e5f77709b1 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/shared_ptr_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/shared_ptr_test.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr;
 
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/span_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/span_test.cc
index 17427a249a..b54883d67a 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/span_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/span_test.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <iterator>
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::nostd::span;
 
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
index d53098aa30..a124cde0f7 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <map>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::nostd::string_view;
 
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/unique_ptr_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/unique_ptr_test.cc
index 893525c266..9fbe058822 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/unique_ptr_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/unique_ptr_test.cc
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::nostd::unique_ptr;
 
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/utility_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/utility_test.cc
index 821b2a70a4..5c62df0c88 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/utility_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/utility_test.cc
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;
 
diff --git a/api/test/plugin/dynamic_load_test.cc b/api/test/plugin/dynamic_load_test.cc
index 8e8b14800c..68a27b5a8f 100644
--- a/api/test/plugin/dynamic_load_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/plugin/dynamic_load_test.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/plugin/factory.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/plugin/dynamic_load.h"
 
 TEST(LoadFactoryTest, FailureTest)
 {
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_a.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_a.cc
index 654b904023..47b1f12e32 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_a.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_a.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #include "component_a.h"
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_b.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_b.cc
index e506cbff16..b3c4e9a4cd 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_b.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_b.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #include "component_b.h"
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_c.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_c.cc
index 24f63f6062..6058c61c2a 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_c.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_c.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #define BUILD_COMPONENT_C
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_d.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_d.cc
index d0704e8868..8e207ded81 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_d.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_d.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #define BUILD_COMPONENT_D
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_e.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_e.cc
index a0922328a3..66ef5d459b 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_e.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_e.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #define BUILD_COMPONENT_E
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_f.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_f.cc
index b8a8fe8ea0..2504fba384 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_f.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_f.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 #define BUILD_COMPONENT_F
 
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_g.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_g.cc
index ce32390fff..46f7ee11d2 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_g.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_g.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 namespace trace = opentelemetry::trace;
 namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/component_h.cc b/api/test/singleton/component_h.cc
index ae2e444544..1b91479270 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/component_h.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/component_h.cc
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 namespace trace = opentelemetry::trace;
 namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;
diff --git a/api/test/singleton/singleton_test.cc b/api/test/singleton/singleton_test.cc
index 21afba8894..943b403622 100644
--- a/api/test/singleton/singleton_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/singleton/singleton_test.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 /*
   TODO:
@@ -14,8 +15,6 @@
 #  include <dlfcn.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <iostream>
-
 #include "component_a.h"
 #include "component_b.h"
 #include "component_c.h"
@@ -23,11 +22,18 @@
 #include "component_e.h"
 #include "component_f.h"
 
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context_kv_iterable.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/key_value_iterable_view_test.cc b/api/test/trace/key_value_iterable_view_test.cc
index e0f43c4afb..b2334b8f98 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/key_value_iterable_view_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/key_value_iterable_view_test.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/attribute_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/type_traits.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/utility.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/trace/noop_test.cc b/api/test/trace/noop_test.cc
index b47700d442..26663c738f 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/noop_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/noop_test.cc
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <map>
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 
 namespace trace_api = opentelemetry::trace;
 namespace nonstd    = opentelemetry::nostd;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/propagation/b3_propagation_test.cc b/api/test/trace/propagation/b3_propagation_test.cc
index 732db1bd34..a2a0581ad1 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/propagation/b3_propagation_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/propagation/b3_propagation_test.cc
@@ -1,14 +1,30 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/b3_propagator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-#include <map>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/trace/propagation/detail/hex_test.cc b/api/test/trace/propagation/detail/hex_test.cc
index f4bd765f48..88cf5b46b0 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/propagation/detail/hex_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/propagation/detail/hex_test.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/detail/hex.h"
-
-#include <map>
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/detail/hex.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/trace/propagation/http_text_format_test.cc b/api/test/trace/propagation/http_text_format_test.cc
index 99f7117928..54f041a9cc 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/propagation/http_text_format_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/propagation/http_text_format_test.cc
@@ -1,17 +1,35 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-#include <map>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/trace/propagation/jaeger_propagation_test.cc b/api/test/trace/propagation/jaeger_propagation_test.cc
index f0fdaf734d..637d2206b8 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/propagation/jaeger_propagation_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/propagation/jaeger_propagation_test.cc
@@ -1,13 +1,33 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/jaeger.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "util.h"
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/jaeger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
 
 using namespace opentelemetry;
 
diff --git a/api/test/trace/provider_test.cc b/api/test/trace/provider_test.cc
index be2ca2842c..6b59d91245 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/provider_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/provider_test.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 using opentelemetry::trace::Provider;
 using opentelemetry::trace::Tracer;
 using opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/scope_test.cc b/api/test/trace/scope_test.cc
index b74905b167..1383122bbc 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/scope_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/scope_test.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_metadata.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::trace::kSpanKey;
 using opentelemetry::trace::NoopSpan;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc b/api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc
index 3120eb0e5a..8770ec14a0 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/default_span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::trace::SpanContext;
 namespace trace_api = opentelemetry::trace;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/span_id_benchmark.cc b/api/test/trace/span_id_benchmark.cc
index 42d4aeb465..236fa3ac76 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/span_id_benchmark.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/span_id_benchmark.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
-
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+
 namespace
 {
 using opentelemetry::trace::SpanId;
diff --git a/api/test/trace/trace_flags_test.cc b/api/test/trace/trace_flags_test.cc
index 783b56d839..d900c6f7d5 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/trace_flags_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/trace_flags_test.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
-
-#include <cstring>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
 
 namespace
 {
diff --git a/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc b/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
index e6ed73c1f4..d136bddb00 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h"
-
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h"
 
 namespace
 {
diff --git a/api/test/trace/tracer_test.cc b/api/test/trace/tracer_test.cc
index 8e16f15e25..77396a24d2 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/tracer_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/tracer_test.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context_value.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/trace/noop.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/trace/scope.h"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
 
 namespace trace_api = opentelemetry::trace;
 namespace nostd     = opentelemetry::nostd;
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/include/opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_factory.h b/exporters/otlp/include/opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_factory.h
index 03a8870da4..d30e7b46d8 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/include/opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_factory.h
+++ b/exporters/otlp/include/opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_factory.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_options.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/push_metric_exporter.h"
 
diff --git a/ext/include/opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h b/ext/include/opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h
index 56e61d5a5f..64776479c3 100644
--- a/ext/include/opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h
+++ b/ext/include/opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
diff --git a/functional/otlp/func_http_main.cc b/functional/otlp/func_http_main.cc
index ece1588425..99fec8443e 100644
--- a/functional/otlp/func_http_main.cc
+++ b/functional/otlp/func_http_main.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <iostream>