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sn-jnl.cls
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sn-jnl.cls
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%%
%% This is file `sn-jnl.cls',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% classes.dtx (with options: `sn-jnl')
%%
%% This is a generated file.
%%
%% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
%% in this file.
%%
%% This file was generated from file(s) of the LaTeX base system.
%% --------------------------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
%%
%% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
%%
%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
%% base system. You may however distribute the LaTeX base system without
%% such generated files.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional
%% information.
%%
%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
%% \CharacterTable
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{sn-jnl}
[2019/11/18 v0.1: An authoring template for Springer Journal articles]
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage \@titlepagefalse
\newif\if@cropmarkson \@cropmarksonfalse
\newif\ifDoublecol \Doublecolfalse%
\newif\ifpagebody\global\pagebodyfalse%
\newif\if@iicol\global\@iicolfalse%
\newif\if@bibcomment\global\@bibcommentfalse%
\newif\if@referee\global\@refereefalse%
\newif\if@vrulerlinenumberon\global\@vrulerlinenumberonfalse%
\newif\if@pdflatex\global\@pdflatexfalse%
\newif\if@remarkboxon\global\@remarkboxonfalse%
\newif\if@Spr@basic@refstyle\global\@Spr@basic@refstylefalse% 1.Basic Springer Nature Reference Style/Chemistry Reference Style -> sn-basic.bst
\newif\if@Mathphys@refstyle\global\@Mathphys@refstylefalse% 2.Math and Physical Sciences Reference Style -> sn-mathphys.bst
\newif\if@APS@refstyle\global\@APS@refstylefalse% 3.American Physical Society (APS) Reference Style -> sn-APS.bst
\newif\if@Vancouver@refstyle\global\@Vancouver@refstylefalse% 4.Vancouver Reference Style -> sn-vancouver.bst
\newif\if@APA@refstyle\global\@APA@refstylefalse% 5.APA-based Social Sciences/Psychology Reference Style -> sn-apacite.bst
\newif\if@Chicago@refstyle\global\@Chicago@refstylefalse% 6.Chicago-based Humanities Reference Style -> sn-chicago.bst
\newif\if@Standard@Nature@refstyle\global\@Standard@Nature@refstylefalse% 7.Standard Nature Research Style -> sn-nature.bst
\newif\if@Default@refstyle\global\@Default@refstylefalse% 8. default reference style - no bib/bst required
%% Template Options
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{\PassOptionsToPackage{a4}{crop}}
\DeclareOption{a3paper}{\PassOptionsToClass{a3paper}{article}\PassOptionsToPackage{a3}{crop}}
\DeclareOption{centre}{\PassOptionsToPackage{center}{crop}}
\DeclareOption{crop}{\PassOptionsToPackage{frame}{crop}\global\@cropmarksontrue}
\DeclareOption{nocrop}{\PassOptionsToPackage{off}{crop}\global\@cropmarksontrue}
\DeclareOption{info}{\PassOptionsToPackage{info}{crop}}
\DeclareOption{noinfo}{\PassOptionsToPackage{noinfo}{crop}}
%% Classfile Options
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}
\DeclareOption{pagegrid}{\global\pagebodytrue}%
\DeclareOption{iicol}{\global\@iicoltrue}%
\DeclareOption{bibcomment}{\global\@bibcommenttrue}%
\DeclareOption{referee}{\global\@refereetrue}%
\DeclareOption{lineno}{\global\@vrulerlinenumberontrue}%
\DeclareOption{pdflatex}{\global\@pdflatextrue}%
\DeclareOption{remarkboxoff}{\global\@remarkboxonfalse}%
\DeclareOption{sn-basic}{\global\@Spr@basic@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-mathphys}{\global\@Mathphys@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-aps}{\global\@APS@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-vancouver}{\global\@Vancouver@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-apa}{\global\@APA@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-chicago}{\global\@Chicago@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{sn-standardnature}{\global\@Standard@Nature@refstyletrue}%
\DeclareOption{default}{\global\@Default@refstyletrue}%
%%\ExecuteOptions{twosidecrop,crop,centre,info,croppage}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass[twoside,fleqn]{article}
\gdef\refereedefns{%
\if@referee%
\usepackage{setspace}%
\doublespacing%
\fi}%
\refereedefns%
%% General Packages Used
%
\AtBeginDocument{%
%%\newcommand*\ExtraParaSkip{12pt}%
\SetFootnoteHook{\hspace*{-8pt}}%
\DeclareNewFootnote{A}[gobble]%
\setlength{\skip\footinsA}{0pt}}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Fonts & Sizes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%% Fonts Used
%%\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}%
%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}%
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}%
\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}%
\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}%
%
\renewcommand\normalsize{%
\@setfontsize\normalsize{10bp}{12bp}%
\abovedisplayskip 12\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@%
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip%
\let\@listi\@listI}%
\normalsize%
%
\newcommand\medsize{%
\@setfontsize\small\@xipt{13}%
\abovedisplayskip 5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}%
%
\renewcommand\small{%
\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
\abovedisplayskip 5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}%
%
\renewcommand\footnotesize{%
\@setfontsize\footnotesize{7}{8}%
\abovedisplayskip 5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}
%
\renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@ixpt\@ixpt}%
\newcommand\scrisize{\@setfontsize\scrisize{9.3}{9}}%
\renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}%
\renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large{12}{14}}%
\newcommand\larg{\@setfontsize\larg{11}{13}}%
\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large{16}{18}}%
\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}%
\renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}%
\renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}%
%
\DeclareMathSizes{\@ixpt}{\@ixpt}{7}{5}%
\DeclareMathSizes{\@xpt}{\@xpt}{7}{5}%
\DeclareMathSizes{\@xipt}{\@xipt}{7}{5}%
%
\DeclareRobustCommand*\textsubscript[1]{%
\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}%
%
\def\@textsubscript#1{%
{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Layout Settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%\RequirePackage{geometry}%
%
\newlength\columnhsize%
%
%% Regular Pages (for Opening page - redefined)
%
\if@iicol%
%
%% for double column used sn-medium design trim and page size %%
%
\setlength\paperwidth{193mm}%
\setlength\paperheight{260mm}%
%
\setlength\textwidth{160mm}%
\setlength\textheight{216mm}%
%
\setlength\headheight{12pt}%
\setlength\headsep{5.15mm}%
%
\setlength\columnsep{8mm}%
\setlength\columnhsize{76mm}%
%
\setlength\maxdepth{0pt}%
\setlength\footnotesep{7\p@}%
\setlength{\skip\footins}{18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
%
\RequirePackage[%
reversemp,
paperwidth=193mm,
paperheight=260mm,
top={19.29mm},
headheight={12pt},
headsep={5.15mm},
text={160mm,216mm},
marginparsep=5mm,
marginparwidth=12mm,
bindingoffset=6mm,
footskip=10.13mm,twocolumn]{geometry}%
%
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
\kern3\p@%
\hrule \@height.2mm \@width\columnwidth%
\kern5.5\p@}%
%
\else%
%% For single column used smallcond design trim and page size %%
\RequirePackage[%
reversemp,
paperwidth=155mm,
paperheight=235mm,
top={19.5mm},
headheight={5.5pt},
headsep={5.6mm},
text={119mm,194.25mm},
marginparsep=5mm,
marginparwidth=12mm,
bindingoffset=6mm,
footskip=10mm]{geometry}
%
\setlength\maxdepth{0pt}%
\setlength\columnsep{5mm}%
\setlength{\marginparsep}{5mm}%
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{12mm}%
\setlength\footnotesep{5.75\p@}%
\setlength{\skip\footins}{8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 0\p@}%
%
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
\kern3\p@%
\ifodd\c@page%
\hrule \@height.2mm \@width\textwidth%
\else%
\hrule \@height.2mm \@width37mm
\fi%
\kern5.5\p@}%
%
\fi%
%
%
\setlength\parindent{1.5em}%
%
\def\StepUpCounter#1{\global\advance#1by 1\relax}%
\def\StepDownCounter#1{\global\advance#1by -1\relax}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Standard LaTeX Packages %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\usepackage{graphicx}%
\usepackage{multirow}%
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}%
\usepackage{amsthm}%
\usepackage{mathrsfs}%
\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}%
\usepackage[title]{appendix}%
\usepackage{xcolor}%
\usepackage{textcomp}%
\usepackage{manyfoot}%
\usepackage{booktabs}%
\usepackage{algorithm}%
\usepackage{algorithmicx}%
\usepackage{algpseudocode}%
\usepackage{program}%
\usepackage{listings}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Pagination Settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Line spacing
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}%
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}%
%%\renewcommand\baselinestretch{1.5}%
\parskip=0pt%
%
% Page break penalties
%
\@lowpenalty 51
\@medpenalty 151
\@highpenalty 301
%
% Disallow widows and orphans
%
\clubpenalty 10000
\widowpenalty 10000
%
% Disable page breaks before equations, allow pagebreaks after
% equations and discourage widow lines before equations.
%
\displaywidowpenalty 100
\predisplaypenalty 10000
\postdisplaypenalty 0
%
% Set these global demerits
%
\doublehyphendemerits 1000000 % corresponds to badness 800
\finalhyphendemerits 1000000 % corresponds to badness 1000
%
% Allow loose lines rather than overfull lines
%
\vbadness=9999
\tolerance=9999
%
% Allow breaking the page in the middle of a paragraph
%
\interlinepenalty 0
%
% Disallow breaking the page after a hyphenated line
\brokenpenalty 10000
%
% Hyphenation; don't split words into less than three characters
\lefthyphenmin=3
\righthyphenmin=3
%
% Float placement parameters
%
% The total number of floats that can be allowed on a page.
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
%
% The maximum number of floats at the top and bottom of a page.
\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{5}
%
% The maximum part of the top or bottom of a text page that can be
% occupied by floats. This is set so that at least four lines of text
% fit on the page.
\renewcommand\topfraction{.921}
\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.921}
% The minimum amount of a text page that must be occupied by text.
% This should accomodate four lines of text.
\renewcommand\textfraction{.13}
% The minimum amount of a float page that must be occupied by floats.
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.887}
% The same parameters repeated for double column output
\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.88}
\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.88}
% Space between floats
\setlength\floatsep{18\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
% Space between floats and text
\setlength\textfloatsep{15\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
% Space above and below an inline figure
\setlength\intextsep {18\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
% For double column floats
\setlength\dblfloatsep {20\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{15\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\hyphenation{Figure Figures Table Tables Equation Equations Section Sections Appendix Theorem Lemma}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Math Settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% For above/below spacing
\def\eqnarray{%
\stepcounter{equation}%
\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}%
\global\@eqnswtrue
\m@th
\global\@eqcnt\z@
\tabskip\@centering
\let\\\@eqncr
$$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup
\hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel
&\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil
&\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep
$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering
&\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup
\tabskip\z@skip
\cr
}
\def\endeqnarray{%
\@@eqncr
\egroup
\global\advance\c@equation\m@ne
$$\@ignoretrue
}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Titles %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\renewcommand\refname{References}%
\renewcommand\figurename{Fig.}% defined as per springer style
\renewcommand\tablename{Table}%
\renewcommand\appendixname{Appendix}%
\renewcommand\abstractname{Abstract}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Article Front Matter %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\raggedleft{\leftskip0pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax}%
\def\raggedright{\rightskip0pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax}%
\def\raggedcenter{\leftskip=0pt plus 0.5fil\rightskip=0pt plus 0.5fil%
\parfillskip=0pt\let\hb=\break}%
\def\titraggedcenter{\leftskip=12pt plus 0.5fil\rightskip=12pt plus 0.5fil%
\parfillskip=0pt\let\hb=\break}%
\def\absraggedcenter{\leftskip=24pt plus 0.5fil\rightskip=24pt plus 0.5fil%
\parfillskip=0pt\let\hb=\break}%
%
%%% Font Def
\def\Artcatfont{\reset@font\fontsize{8bp}{10bp}\selectfont}%
\def\Titlefont{\reset@font\fontsize{17bp}{22.5bp}\selectfont\titraggedcenter}%
\def\SubTitlefont{\reset@font\fontsize{14bp}{16.5bp}\selectfont\titraggedcenter}%
\def\Authorfont{\reset@font\fontsize{12bp}{14.5bp}\selectfont\boldmath\titraggedcenter}%
\def\addressfont{\reset@font\fontsize{11bp}{13.5bp}\selectfont\titraggedcenter}%
\def\abstractheadfont{\reset@font\fontsize{9bp}{11bp}\bfseries\selectfont\titraggedcenter}%
\def\abstractsubheadfont{\reset@font\fontsize{9bp}{11bp}\bfseries\selectfont}%
\def\abstractfont{\reset@font\fontsize{9bp}{11bp}\selectfont\leftskip=24pt\rightskip=24pt}%
\def\keywordfont{\reset@font\fontsize{8bp}{9.5bp}\selectfont\leftskip=24pt\rightskip=24pt plus0.5fill}%
\def\historyfont{\reset@font\fontsize{8bp}{9.5bp}\selectfont\leftskip=24pt\rightskip=24pt plus0.5fill}%
%% Article Type
\newbox\artcatbox%
\AtBeginDocument{\definecolor{artcatboxgray}{cmyk}{0.0,0.0,0.0,0.30}}%
\def\articletype#1{\if!#1!\else\setbox\artcatbox\hbox{\Artcatfont\hskip1mm#1\hskip1mm}\fi%
\gdef\ArtType{\fboxsep=0pt\colorbox{artcatboxgray}{\vbox to 4mm{\vfil%
{\raggedright\box\artcatbox}\vfil}}}%
\gdef\@ArtType{#1}}%
%%\articletype{RESEARCH ARTICLE}%
\articletype{}%
%% Meta Info
\def\@jyear{{0000}}%
\def\jyear#1{\gdef\@jyear{#1}}%
%% Article Title
\renewcommand{\title}[2][]{%
\gdef\@checktitle{#1}\ifx\@checktitle\empty\gdef\@title{#2}%
\gdef\s@title{#2}\else\gdef\@title{#2}\gdef\s@title{#1}\fi%
\markboth{\textit{\s@title}}{\textit{\s@title}}}%
\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}\subtitle{}%
%% Cross Link for Author & Address
\def\jmkLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}%
\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}%
\def\jmkRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}}%
%% Article Author(s)
\let\sep\@empty%
\let\authorsep\@empty%
\newcount\aucount%
\newcount\corraucount%
\newcount\punctcount%
%
\def\artauthors{}%
\newif\if@auemail%
\newif\if@corauemail%
%
\def\au@and{\ifnum\punctcount=2\ and\else\unskip,\advance\punctcount by -1 \fi}%
%
\def\author{\advance\aucount by 1\@ifstar\@@corrauthor\@@author}%
%
\newcommand{\@@author}[2][]{\@corauemailfalse%
\g@addto@macro\artauthors{%
\ifnum\aucount=1%
\global\@auemailtrue%
\else%
\global\@auemailfalse%
\fi%
\Authorfont%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\authorsep{#2}\unskip\ifx#1\empty\else\textsuperscript{\smash{{%
\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\jmkRef{\@@affmark}}}%
\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}}}}\fi%
\def\authorsep{\au@and~}%%%
\global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty%
}}%
%
\newcommand{\@@corrauthor}[2][]{\@corauemailtrue\advance\corraucount by 1%
\g@addto@macro\artauthors{%
\global\@auemailtrue%
\Authorfont%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\authorsep{#2}\unskip\ifx#1\empty\else\textsuperscript{\smash{{%
\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\jmkRef{\@@affmark}}}%
\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}}}{*}\hskip-1pt}\fi\unskip%
\def\authorsep{\au@and~}%%%
\global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty%
}}%
%%
%% Miscellaneous macros %%
%%
\def\fnm#1{#1}%
\def\sur#1{#1}%
\def\spfx#1{#1}%
\def\pfx#1{#1}%
\def\sfx#1{#1}%
\def\tanm#1{#1}%
\def\dgr#1{#1}%
%
%% Author Email
%
\let\nomail\relax%
\def\corrauthemail{}%
\def\authemail{}%
\newcount\emailcnt%
\def\email#1{\global\advance\emailcnt by 1\relax%
\if@corauemail%
\g@addto@macro\corrauthemail{%
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\textcolor{blue}{#1};\ %
}%
\else%
\g@addto@macro\authemail{%
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\textcolor{blue}{#1};\ %
}%
\fi}
%% Corrseponding Address
\def\@copycorthanks{}%
\def\auaddress{}%
\def\@auaddress{}%
\newcounter{affn}%
\newcount\addcount% To check the count of address
\renewcommand\theaffn{\arabic{affn}}%
\def\affil{\advance\addcount by 1\@ifstar\@@coraddress\@@address}%
\newcommand{\@@coraddress}[2][]{%\advance\addcount by 1
\g@addto@macro\auaddress{%
\stepcounter{affn}%
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}%
\jmkLabel{\theaffn}%
{\textsuperscript{#1*}#2.\par} }
}
%% Macros for present address
\newif\ifpresentaddress%
\def\@presentaddresstxt{}%
\def\presentaddresstxt#1{\gdef\@presentaddresstxt{#1:}}\presentaddresstxt{Present Address}%
\newcommand{\presentaddress}[1]{\gdef\@presentaddresstext{\@presentaddresstxt\par#1}\global\presentaddresstrue}%
%% Macros for equally contributed
\newif\ifequalcont%
%\def\@equalconttxt{}%
%\def\equalcontxt#1{\gdef\@equalconttxt{#1}}\equalcontxt{These authors contributed equally to this work.}%
%\newcommand{\equalcont}[1][\@equalconttxt]{\gdef\@equalconttext{#1}\g@addto@macro\artauthors{$^{\dagger}$}\global\equalconttrue}%
\def\@equalconttxt{}%
\def\equalcontxt#1{\gdef\@equalconttxt{#1}}\equalcontxt{}%
\newcommand{\equalcont}[1]{\gdef\@equalconttext{#1}\g@addto@macro\artauthors{$^{\dagger}$}\global\equalconttrue}%
%% Author Address
\newcommand{\@@address}[2][]{%%\advance\addcount by 1
\g@addto@macro\auaddress{%
\stepcounter{affn}%
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}%
\jmkLabel{\theaffn}%
{\textsuperscript{#1}#2.\par} }%\theaffn
}
%% Address tagging
\newcommand{\orgdiv}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\orgname}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\orgaddress}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\street}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\postcode}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\city}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\state}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\country}[1]{#1}%
%% Article notes
\def\@artnote{}%
\def\artnote#1{\gdef\@artnote{#1}}%
%% Miscellaneous notes
\def\@miscnote{}%
\def\miscnote#1{\gdef\@miscnote{\par\addvspace{3pt}#1}}%
%% Motto
\def\mottofont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{8.5bp}{10bp}\fontshape{it}\selectfont\raggedright}
%
\let\@motto\@empty
\def\mottoraggedright{\rightskip0mm\leftskip=42mm plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax}%
\newcommand{\motto}[2][]{\gdef\@headcheck{#1}\gdef\@motto{\@headcheck\ifx\@headcheck\@empty\vskip12pt\else\fi{\mottofont\mottoraggedright#2\par}}}
%% Article Abstract
\newcommand\abstracthead{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-22pt \@plus0ex \@minus0ex}{3pt}{\abstractheadfont}}
\newcommand\subabstracthead{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{3pt \@plus0ex \@minus0ex}{-.5em}{\abstractsubheadfont}}
\def\@abstract{}%
\long\def\abstract#1 \par{\def\@abstract{%
\let\paragraph\subabstracthead%
\abstractfont%
\abstracthead*{\abstractname}%
#1\par}}%
\def\printabstract{\ifx\@abstract\empty\else\@abstract\fi\par}%
\def\printkeywords{\ifx\@keywords\empty\else\@keywords\fi\par}%
%
%% Keywords
\def\keywordname{Keywords}%
\def\keywords#1{\ifx#1\empty\else\def\@keywords{\par\addvspace{10pt}{\keywordfont{\bfseries\keywordname:} #1\par}}\fi}%
\def\@keywords{}%
%% PACs
\def\pacsbullet{\hbox{\hskip2.5pt,\hskip2.5pt}}%
\def\change@commas#1,#2{%
\ifx#2\@empty%
#1%
\else%
#1\nobreak\hbox{\pacsbullet}\allowbreak\expandafter\change@commas%
\fi%
#2}%
\newcommand\keywordhead[1]{\par\addvspace{10pt}%
{{\keywordfont\bfseries#1:\ }}}%
\newcommand{\pacs}[1]{\keywordhead{\pacsname}#1}%
%
\newcount\PacsCount%
\PacsCount=0%
%
\newcount\PacsTmpCnt%
\PacsTmpCnt=1%
%
\gdef\StorePacsText#1#2{%
\edef\GetRoman{\romannumeral#1}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname\GetRoman StorePacsTxt\endcsname{#2}%
}%
%
\let\oldpacs\pacs%
\renewcommand\pacs[2][PAC Codes]{\gdef\pacsname{{\bfseries#1}}\gdef\@pacs{\keywordfont\raggedright\oldpacs\change@commas#2,\@empty\par}
\StepUpCounter{\PacsCount}%
\StorePacsText{\the\PacsCount}{\gdef\pacsname{{\bfseries#1}}\keywordfont\raggedright\oldpacs\change@commas#2,\@empty}%
}%
\def\@pacs{}%
%% Glossary
\def\gloshead{Glossary}%
\newenvironment{glos}[1][\gloshead]{\begingroup\parindent=0pt%
\section*{#1}
\def\item[##1]{##1,\ }}{%
\endgroup}%
%
%% Article History
\def\received#1{\g@addto@macro\@history{{Received #1}}}%
\def\revised#1{\g@addto@macro\@history{{; revised #1}}}%
\def\accepted#1{\g@addto@macro\@history{{; accepted #1}}}%
%% Remark on Front page %%
\newdimen\FMremarkdim%
\newcommand{\FMremark}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\if@referee\singlespacing\fi%
\fboxsep=6pt\fboxrule=0.5pt%
\FMremarkdim=\textwidth%%\paperwidth%
\advance\FMremarkdim-\fboxsep%
\advance\FMremarkdim-2\fboxrule%
\if@referee\vskip-21pt\fi%
%%\fbox{\vbox{\hsize=\FMremarkdim\small%
\unvbox\fmremarkbox
%%}}%
\endgroup}
\newbox\fmremarkbox%
\newenvironment{fmremark}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt%
\fboxsep=6pt\fboxrule=0.5pt%
\FMremarkdim=\textwidth%%\paperwidth%
\advance\FMremarkdim-\fboxsep%
\advance\FMremarkdim-2\fboxrule%
\global\setbox\fmremarkbox\vbox\bgroup\small%
}{\egroup\endgroup}
%% Article Header Definition
\renewcommand{\@maketitle}{\newpage\null%
\if@remarkboxon\vbox to 0pt{\vspace*{-78pt}\hspace*{-18pt}\FMremark}\else\vskip21pt\fi%%\par%
\hsize\textwidth\parindent0pt%%%\vskip7pt%
%% Aritle Type
{\hbox to \textwidth{{\Artcatfont\ArtType\hfill}\par}}
%% Aritle Title
\ifx\@title\empty\else%
\removelastskip\vskip20pt\nointerlineskip%
{\Titlefont\@title\par}
%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@title}% for bookmarks
\fi%
%% Aritle SubTitle
\ifx\@subtitle\empty\else%
\vskip9pt%
{{\SubTitlefont\@subtitle\par}}
\fi%
%% Aritle Authors, Address and Correspondings
\ifnum\aucount>0
\global\punctcount\aucount%
\vskip20pt%
\artauthors\par%% authors and emails
{\vskip7pt\addressfont\auaddress\par%% corresponding adress
\removelastskip\vskip24pt%
\ifnum\emailcnt>0\relax%
\ifx\corrauthemail\@empty\else{\ifnum\aucount>1*\fi}%
Corresponding author(s). E-mail(s): \corrauthemail\par\fi%
\ifx\authemail\@empty\else Contributing authors:\ \authemail\fi%
\fi%
\ifequalcont{\par$^{\dagger}$\@equalconttext\par}\fi%
\removelastskip\vskip24pt%
\ifpresentaddress{\par\@presentaddresstext\par}\fi%
}
\fi%
{\printabstract\par}%
{\printkeywords\par}%
\ifx\@pacs\empty\else%
\loop\ifnum\PacsCount>0%
\csname\romannumeral\PacsTmpCnt StorePacsTxt\endcsname\par%
\StepDownCounter{\PacsCount}%
\StepUpCounter{\PacsTmpCnt}%
\repeat%
\fi%
%%{\printhistory\par}%
%%{\ifx\@motto\empty\else\@motto\fi}%
\removelastskip\vskip36pt\vskip0pt}%
%% Printing Article Header
\renewcommand\maketitle{\par
\@afterindentfalse%
\begingroup
\gdef\UrlFont{\rmfamily}%
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
\def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\smash{\@thefnmark}}}}%
\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent\small\selectfont
\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
\thispagestyle{titlepage}%
\if@twocolumn
\ifnum \col@number=\@ne%
\twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
\else
\twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
\fi%
\else%
\newpage%
\global\@topnum\z@% Prevents figures from going at top of page.
\@maketitle%
\fi%
%%\thispagestyle{plain}%
\endgroup%
\ifx\@artnote\@empty\else\footnoteA{\@artnote}\fi%
\ifx\@miscnote\@empty\else\footnoteA{\@miscnote\par}\fi%
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\global\let\thanks\relax%
\global\let\artnote\relax%
\global\let\maketitle\relax%
\global\let\@maketitle\relax%
\global\let\@thanks\@empty%
\global\let\@author\@empty%
\global\let\@date\@empty%
\global\let\title\relax%
\global\let\author\relax%
\global\let\date\relax%
\global\let\and\relax%
\pagestyle{headings}%
%%%print continuous abstract on next page
\@afterheading%
%%\vskip-18pt% this is included to avoid vertical space at the beginning of left column on article opening pages
}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Page Styles %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
\def\opheaderfont{\reset@font\fontsize{10bp}{0bp}\selectfont}%
\def\headerfont{\reset@font\fontsize{10bp}{0bp}\selectfont}%
\def\footerfont{\reset@font\fontsize{10bp}{0bp}\selectfont}%
%% Regular Page Style
\def\ps@headings{%
\def\@oddfoot{\hfill}%
\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot%
%%\def\@evenhead{{\headerfont\thepage\qquad\rightmark\hfill\includegraphics{springer-nature-logo}}}%
%%\def\@oddhead{{\headerfont\includegraphics{springer-nature-logo}\hfill\leftmark\qquad\thepage}}%
\def\@evenhead{%
\vbox to 0pt{\vspace*{-39pt}%
\hbox to \hsize{\hfill Springer Nature 2021 \LaTeX\ template\hfill}}\par%%
\hspace*{-\textwidth}\hbox to \hsize{\headerfont\thepage\qquad\rightmark\hfill}}%
\def\@oddhead{%
\vbox to 0pt{\vspace*{-39pt}%
\hbox to \hsize{\hfill Springer Nature 2021 \LaTeX\ template\hfill}}\par%%
\hspace*{-\textwidth}\hbox to \hsize{\headerfont\hfill\leftmark\qquad\thepage}}%
\let\@mkboth\markboth%
}%
\newdimen\opshortpage%
\def\printcopyright#1{#1}%%
\gdef\@copyrighttext{}%
\gdef\@copyrightyear{\@jyear}%
\def\copytext#1#2{\gdef\@copyrightyear{#2}\def\@copyrighttext{\begin{minipage}[t]{\textwidth}\footerfont\textcopyright\ #1\ \@copyrightyear\end{minipage}}}
\copytext{Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}{\@jyear}%
\def\@opjournalheader{\leftmark\space\ {{(\@jyear),\ \textbf{\@jvol}:\@artid}} {\thepage{--}\pageref*{LastPage}}\\
{\@DOI}}%
%% Opening Page Style
\def\ps@titlepage{%
%%\def\@oddhead{\vbox{\vskip-36pt\hbox to \textwidth{\hfill\includegraphics{springer-nature-logo}\hspace*{-1pt}}}}%
%%\let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty%
\def\@oddhead{%
\vbox to 0pt{\vspace*{-38pt}%
\hbox to \hsize{\hfill Springer Nature 2021 \LaTeX\ template\hfill}}}%%
\let\@evenhead\@oddhead%
\def\@oddfoot{\vbox to 18pt{\vfill\reset@font\rmfamily\hfil\thepage\hfil}}%%
\def\@evenfoot{}}%
\def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty%
\def\@oddfoot{\vbox to 18pt{\vfill\reset@font\rmfamily\hfil\thepage\hfil}}%
\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Sections %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\def\numbered{\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}}%
\def\unnumbered{\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}}%
\numbered%% default is numbered Sections
\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section}%
\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}%
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}%
\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}%
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}%
%%
\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip.5em}%
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
\let\@svsec\@empty
\else
\refstepcounter{#1}%
\protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
\fi
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup
#6{%
\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
\interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
\fi
#7}%
\else
\def\@svsechd{%
#6{\hskip #3\relax
\@svsec #8.}%
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
\fi
#7}}%
\fi
\@xsect{#5}}
%
\def\sectionfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{14bp}{16bp}\bfseries\selectfont\raggedright\boldmath}%
\def\subsectionfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{12bp}{14bp}\bfseries\selectfont\raggedright\boldmath}%
\def\subsubsectionfont{\reset@font\fontsize{11bp}{13bp}\bfseries\selectfont\raggedright\boldmath}%
\def\paragraphfont{\reset@font\fontsize{10bp}{12bp}\bfseries\itshape\selectfont\raggedright}%
%
\def\subparagraphfont{\itshape}%
\def\bmheadfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{10bp}{12bp}\bfseries\selectfont\raggedright\boldmath}%
%
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-12pt \@plus -4pt \@minus -2pt}%
{9pt}%
{\sectionfont}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-12pt \@plus -4pt \@minus -2pt}%
{6pt}%
{\subsectionfont}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{-12pt \@plus -4pt \@minus -2pt}%
{6pt}%
{\subsubsectionfont}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
{-12pt \@plus -4pt \@minus-2pt}%
{3pt}%
{\paragraphfont}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}%
{6pt \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
{-1em}%
{\subparagraphfont}}
\newcommand\bmhead{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}%
{6pt \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
{-1em}%
{\bmheadfont}}
%
\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
\par
\@tempskipa #4\relax
\@afterindenttrue
\ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
\@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
\fi
\if@nobreak
\everypar{}%
\else
\addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
\fi
\@ifstar
{\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Lists %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newdimen\labelwidthi%
\newdimen\labelwidthii%
\newdimen\labelwidthiii%
\newdimen\labelwidthiv%
\def\normal@labelsep{0.5em}%
\labelsep\normal@labelsep%
\settowidth{\labelwidthi}{(iii)}%
\settowidth{\labelwidthii}{(d)}%