diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index e9be5161..d2ba8ed8 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -15,11 +15,6 @@ repos:
       - id: check-builtin-literals
       - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.10.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: black
-
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     rev: v0.1.1
     hooks:
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f0689ef0..4f443313 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyverse/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyverse/actions)
-[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
 
 # jupyverse
 
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/__init__.py
index 0e3ada56..8e1ad16a 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 from .app import App
 
-
 __version__ = "0.3.0"
 
 
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/app/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/app/__init__.py
index d28d1576..ad1144ce 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/app/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/app/__init__.py
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from collections import defaultdict
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from typing import Dict, List
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
 
 from ..exceptions import RedirectException, _redirect_exception_handler
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("app")
 
 
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/auth/models.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/auth/models.py
index c6337013..b8cc741a 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/auth/models.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/auth/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from typing import Optional
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/cli.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/cli.py
index 3a10f5cc..913bd5c4 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/cli.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/cli.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import pkg_resources
 from typing import List, Tuple
 
+import pkg_resources
 import rich_click as click
 from asphalt.core.cli import run
 
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/contents/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/contents/__init__.py
index 5f9b018f..4296e29b 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/contents/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/contents/__init__.py
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request, Response
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
-from .models import Checkpoint, Content, SaveContent
-from ..auth import Auth, User
 from ..app import App
+from ..auth import Auth, User
+from .models import Checkpoint, Content, SaveContent
 
 
 class FileIdManager(ABC):
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/jupyterlab/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/jupyterlab/__init__.py
index 1d6b8694..36f18b56 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/jupyterlab/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/jupyterlab/__init__.py
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
 from jupyverse_api import Config, Router
 
-from ..auth import Auth, User
 from ..app import App
+from ..auth import Auth, User
 
 
 class JupyterLab(Router, ABC):
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/kernels/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/kernels/__init__.py
index ee79f73e..597fe20e 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/kernels/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/kernels/__init__.py
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request
-from jupyverse_api import Router, Config
 from pydantic import Field
 
+from jupyverse_api import Config, Router
+
 from ..app import App
 from ..auth import Auth, User
 from .models import Session
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/lab/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/lab/__init__.py
index 245e2000..dac9ebab 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/lab/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/lab/__init__.py
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request, Response
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 from jupyverse_api.jupyterlab import JupyterLabConfig
 
-from ..auth import Auth, User
 from ..app import App
+from ..auth import Auth, User
 
 
 class Lab(Router, ABC):
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/login/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/login/__init__.py
index aadde1bc..66a6e323 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/login/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/login/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
 from ..app import App
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/nbconvert/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/nbconvert/__init__.py
index 83e267b8..ba536ae4 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/nbconvert/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/nbconvert/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
 from ..app import App
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/resource_usage/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/resource_usage/__init__.py
index 53d68423..1baf3eb1 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/resource_usage/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/resource_usage/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
-from jupyverse_api import Router, Config
 
-from ..auth import Auth, User
+from jupyverse_api import Config, Router
+
 from ..app import App
+from ..auth import Auth, User
 
 
 class ResourceUsage(Router, ABC):
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/retrolab/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/retrolab/__init__.py
index ecc5a0fc..113f91ed 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/retrolab/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/retrolab/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
 from ..app import App
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/terminals/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/terminals/__init__.py
index ace3805c..ae2f5b96 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/terminals/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/terminals/__init__.py
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 from typing import List
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
-from .models import Terminal
 from ..app import App
 from ..auth import Auth, User
+from .models import Terminal
 
 
 class Terminals(Router, ABC):
diff --git a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/yjs/__init__.py b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/yjs/__init__.py
index 088d2f07..7a8dfa5b 100644
--- a/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/yjs/__init__.py
+++ b/jupyverse_api/jupyverse_api/yjs/__init__.py
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request, Response
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 
-from ..auth import Auth, User
 from ..app import App
+from ..auth import Auth, User
 
 
 class Yjs(Router, ABC):
diff --git a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/backends.py b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/backends.py
index 0a3882ca..4fba571e 100644
--- a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/backends.py
+++ b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/backends.py
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
 from fastapi_users.authentication.transport.base import Transport
 from fastapi_users.db import SQLAlchemyUserDatabase
 from httpx_oauth.clients.github import GitHubOAuth2
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
 from jupyverse_api.exceptions import RedirectException
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
-from starlette.requests import Request
 
 from .config import _AuthConfig
 from .db import User
 from .models import UserCreate, UserRead
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("auth")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/db.py b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/db.py
index 100f682f..96455494 100644
--- a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/db.py
+++ b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/db.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, List
 
 from fastapi import Depends
-from fastapi_users.db import SQLAlchemyBaseOAuthAccountTableUUID
 from fastapi_users.db import (
+    SQLAlchemyBaseOAuthAccountTableUUID,
     SQLAlchemyBaseUserTableUUID,
     SQLAlchemyUserDatabase,
 )
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 from .config import _AuthConfig
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("auth")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/main.py b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/main.py
index 3829d8a5..8670a084 100644
--- a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/main.py
+++ b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/main.py
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
 from fastapi_users.exceptions import UserAlreadyExists
+
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, AuthConfig
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.main import Host, QueryParams
 
 from .config import _AuthConfig
 from .routes import auth_factory
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("auth")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/models.py b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/models.py
index 92295dcf..caa44d0d 100644
--- a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/models.py
+++ b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/models.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from typing import Dict, List
 
 from fastapi_users import schemas
+
 from jupyverse_api.auth import User
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/routes.py b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/routes.py
index 53134523..dd24863f 100644
--- a/plugins/auth/fps_auth/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/auth/fps_auth/routes.py
@@ -5,19 +5,18 @@
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+from sqlalchemy import select  # type: ignore
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
-from sqlalchemy import select  # type: ignore
 
 from .backends import get_backend
 from .config import _AuthConfig
 from .db import get_db
-
 from .models import UserCreate, UserRead, UserUpdate
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("auth")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/backend.py b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/backend.py
index 09bcccb4..f943ef5b 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/backend.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/backend.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie
 from fief_client import FiefAccessTokenInfo, FiefAsync, FiefUserInfo
 from fief_client.integrations.fastapi import FiefAuth
+
 from jupyverse_api.auth import User
 
 from .config import _AuthFiefConfig
diff --git a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/config.py b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/config.py
index 4e4877f8..89f37a90 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/config.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
 from pydantic import Field
 
+from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
+
 
 class _AuthFiefConfig(AuthConfig):
     base_url: str = Field(description="Base URL of Fief tenant")
diff --git a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/main.py b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/main.py
index bcd55cb3..ddc8224f 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/main.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/main.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
-from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, AuthConfig
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
+from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, AuthConfig
 
 from .config import _AuthFiefConfig
 from .routes import auth_factory
diff --git a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/routes.py b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/routes.py
index 0986f5c4..fa65f6b9 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_fief/fps_auth_fief/routes.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query, Request, Response
 from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
 from fief_client import FiefAccessTokenInfo
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
diff --git a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/config.py b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/config.py
index 35ed108f..6b2c24b2 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/config.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
 from pydantic import Field
 
+from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
+
 
 class AuthJupyterHubConfig(AuthConfig):
     db_url: str = Field(
diff --git a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/main.py b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/main.py
index 7b64025c..8b9a8b71 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/main.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import httpx
 from asphalt.core import Component, ContainerComponent, Context, context_teardown
-from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, AuthConfig
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine, AsyncSession
 
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
+from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, AuthConfig
+
 from .config import AuthJupyterHubConfig
 from .db import Base
 from .routes import auth_factory
diff --git a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/models.py b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/models.py
index aa3f8bad..6c4c2856 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/models.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/models.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from typing import Dict, List
 
-from jupyverse_api.auth import User
 from pydantic import ConfigDict
 
+from jupyverse_api.auth import User
+
 
 class JupyterHubUser(User):
     model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
diff --git a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/routes.py b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/routes.py
index 9e835384..e0cb72e6 100644
--- a/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/auth_jupyterhub/fps_auth_jupyterhub/routes.py
@@ -5,18 +5,19 @@
 import os
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 import httpx
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Cookie, Depends, HTTPException, Request, WebSocket, status
 from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
 from jupyterhub.services.auth import HubOAuth
 from jupyterhub.utils import isoformat
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.future import select
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
 from jupyverse_api import Router
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.future import select
 
 from .db import UserDB
 from .models import JupyterHubUser
diff --git a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/fileid.py b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/fileid.py
index 1b251361..f489c59d 100644
--- a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/fileid.py
+++ b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/fileid.py
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 
 import aiosqlite
 from anyio import Path
-from jupyverse_api import Singleton
 from watchfiles import Change, awatch
 
+from jupyverse_api import Singleton
+
 logger = logging.getLogger("contents")
 
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ async def get_id(self, path: str) -> Optional[str]:
         async with self.lock:
             async with aiosqlite.connect(self.db_path) as db:
                 async with db.execute("SELECT id FROM fileids WHERE path = ?", (path,)) as cursor:
-                    async for idx, in cursor:
+                    async for (idx,) in cursor:
                         return idx
                     return None
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ async def get_path(self, idx: str) -> Optional[str]:
         async with self.lock:
             async with aiosqlite.connect(self.db_path) as db:
                 async with db.execute("SELECT path FROM fileids WHERE id = ?", (idx,)) as cursor:
-                    async for path, in cursor:
+                    async for (path,) in cursor:
                         return path
                     return None
 
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ def unwatch(self, path: str, watcher: Watcher):
 async def get_mtime(path, db) -> Optional[float]:
     if db:
         async with db.execute("SELECT mtime FROM fileids WHERE path = ?", (path,)) as cursor:
-            async for mtime, in cursor:
+            async for (mtime,) in cursor:
                 return mtime
             # deleted file is not in database, shouldn't happen
             return None
diff --git a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/main.py b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/main.py
index 36dc5cfe..81f6fd18 100644
--- a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/main.py
+++ b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.contents import Contents
diff --git a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/routes.py b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/routes.py
index c216353c..7f759b9e 100644
--- a/plugins/contents/fps_contents/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/contents/fps_contents/routes.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 from anyio import open_file
 from fastapi import HTTPException, Response
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
 from jupyverse_api.auth import User
 from jupyverse_api.contents import Contents
 from jupyverse_api.contents.models import (
@@ -18,7 +20,6 @@
     RenameContent,
     SaveContent,
 )
-from starlette.requests import Request
 
 from .fileid import FileIdManager
 
diff --git a/plugins/frontend/fps_frontend/main.py b/plugins/frontend/fps_frontend/main.py
index 1ff637a5..b34b488b 100644
--- a/plugins/frontend/fps_frontend/main.py
+++ b/plugins/frontend/fps_frontend/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/main.py b/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/main.py
index ec2fd86f..2cd31dd9 100644
--- a/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/main.py
+++ b/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
diff --git a/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/routes.py b/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/routes.py
index 0cc49ea8..50e8b802 100644
--- a/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/jupyterlab/fps_jupyterlab/routes.py
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
 from fastapi import Response
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
 from jupyverse_api.jupyterlab import JupyterLab, JupyterLabConfig
 from jupyverse_api.lab import Lab
-from starlette.requests import Request
 
 from .index import INDEX_HTML
 
diff --git a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/kernel_server/server.py b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/kernel_server/server.py
index 1b11baa5..e10a2b84 100644
--- a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/kernel_server/server.py
+++ b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/kernel_server/server.py
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 from fastapi import WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
 from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState
 
-from ..kernel_driver.connect import cfg_t, connect_channel
+from ..kernel_driver.connect import cfg_t, connect_channel, read_connection_file
 from ..kernel_driver.connect import launch_kernel as _launch_kernel
-from ..kernel_driver.connect import read_connection_file
 from ..kernel_driver.connect import (
     write_connection_file as _write_connection_file,
 )
diff --git a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/main.py b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/main.py
index 93cce3f7..3cb4abc2 100644
--- a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/main.py
+++ b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -6,11 +7,11 @@
 
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context, context_teardown
 
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
 from jupyverse_api.kernels import Kernels, KernelsConfig
 from jupyverse_api.yjs import Yjs
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 
 from .kernel_driver.paths import jupyter_runtime_dir
 from .routes import _Kernels
diff --git a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/routes.py b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/routes.py
index e87a7f9b..2f9a2a9a 100644
--- a/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/kernels/fps_kernels/routes.py
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from watchfiles import Change, awatch
+
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
+from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
 from jupyverse_api.kernels import Kernels, KernelsConfig
 from jupyverse_api.kernels.models import CreateSession, Execution, Kernel, Notebook, Session
-from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
 from jupyverse_api.yjs import Yjs
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 
 from .kernel_driver.driver import KernelDriver
 from .kernel_driver.kernelspec import find_kernelspec, kernelspec_dirs
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
     kernels,
 )
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("kernels")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/lab/fps_lab/main.py b/plugins/lab/fps_lab/main.py
index c03a42e6..50292912 100644
--- a/plugins/lab/fps_lab/main.py
+++ b/plugins/lab/fps_lab/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
diff --git a/plugins/lab/fps_lab/routes.py b/plugins/lab/fps_lab/routes.py
index 00aefc8d..2fb98aa9 100644
--- a/plugins/lab/fps_lab/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/lab/fps_lab/routes.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 from jupyverse_api.jupyterlab import JupyterLabConfig
 from jupyverse_api.lab import Lab
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("lab")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/login/fps_login/main.py b/plugins/login/fps_login/main.py
index 23459edd..f513ca57 100644
--- a/plugins/login/fps_login/main.py
+++ b/plugins/login/fps_login/main.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
 from jupyverse_api.login import Login
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 
 from .routes import _Login
 
diff --git a/plugins/login/fps_login/routes.py b/plugins/login/fps_login/routes.py
index 5a3b1f4d..971eaaea 100644
--- a/plugins/login/fps_login/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/login/fps_login/routes.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import AuthConfig
 from jupyverse_api.login import Login
diff --git a/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/main.py b/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/main.py
index b5c8d98f..c865adf8 100644
--- a/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/main.py
+++ b/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/main.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
-from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
+from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.nbconvert import Nbconvert
 
 from .routes import _Nbconvert
diff --git a/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/routes.py b/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/routes.py
index e3fa33e8..2c67dfe3 100644
--- a/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/nbconvert/fps_nbconvert/routes.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import nbconvert
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.nbconvert import Nbconvert
diff --git a/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/backends.py b/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/backends.py
index d042eb57..c814f195 100644
--- a/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/backends.py
+++ b/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/backends.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from fastapi import WebSocket
+
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 
 USER = User()
diff --git a/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/main.py b/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/main.py
index 76509c6c..911a79f8 100644
--- a/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/main.py
+++ b/plugins/noauth/fps_noauth/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 
 from .backends import _NoAuth
diff --git a/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/main.py b/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/main.py
index 8eafa1bd..4cc3c2b7 100644
--- a/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/main.py
+++ b/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/main.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
-from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
+from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.resource_usage import ResourceUsage, ResourceUsageConfig
 
 from .routes import _ResourceUsage
diff --git a/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/routes.py b/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/routes.py
index b0a5c355..736a24bc 100644
--- a/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/resource_usage/fps_resource_usage/routes.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import psutil
 from anyio import to_thread
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.resource_usage import ResourceUsage, ResourceUsageConfig
diff --git a/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/main.py b/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/main.py
index 661751b1..38b4d342 100644
--- a/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/main.py
+++ b/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
-from jupyverse_api.retrolab import RetroLab
 from jupyverse_api.lab import Lab
+from jupyverse_api.retrolab import RetroLab
 
 from .routes import _RetroLab
 
diff --git a/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/routes.py b/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/routes.py
index a5843b38..b35ba971 100644
--- a/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/retrolab/fps_retrolab/routes.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import retrolab  # type: ignore
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.frontend import FrontendConfig
diff --git a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/main.py b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/main.py
index 1ec474aa..93a00719 100644
--- a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/main.py
+++ b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/main.py
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 from typing import Type
 
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
+from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.terminals import Terminals, TerminalServer
-from jupyverse_api.app import App
 
 from .routes import _Terminals
 
diff --git a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/routes.py b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/routes.py
index 88e0fd2c..ca7d2f8d 100644
--- a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/routes.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Dict, Type
 
 from fastapi import Response
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.terminals import Terminal, Terminals, TerminalServer
diff --git a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/server.py b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/server.py
index 331c3fed..c086f8c6 100644
--- a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/server.py
+++ b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/server.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import termios
 
 from fastapi import WebSocketDisconnect
+
 from jupyverse_api.terminals import TerminalServer
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/win_server.py b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/win_server.py
index 9aa3e259..f54f7f66 100644
--- a/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/win_server.py
+++ b/plugins/terminals/fps_terminals/win_server.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import asyncio
 import os
 
-from jupyverse_api.terminals import TerminalServer
 from winpty import PTY  # type: ignore
 
+from jupyverse_api.terminals import TerminalServer
+
 
 def open_terminal(command="C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", columns=80, lines=24):
     env = "\0".join([f"{k}={v}" for k, v in os.environ.items()]) + "\0"
diff --git a/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/main.py b/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/main.py
index 014f6026..2e6c4662 100644
--- a/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/main.py
+++ b/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 
 from .config import WebDAVConfig
diff --git a/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/routes.py b/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/routes.py
index be142596..b31b1fc9 100644
--- a/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/webdav/fps_webdav/routes.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from asgi_middleware_static_file import ASGIMiddlewareStaticFile  # type: ignore
-from asgi_webdav.middleware.cors import ASGIMiddlewareCORS  # type: ignore
 from asgi_webdav import __name__ as app_name  # type: ignore
 from asgi_webdav import __version__  # type: ignore
+from asgi_webdav.middleware.cors import ASGIMiddlewareCORS  # type: ignore
 
 try:
     from asgi_webdav.config import (  # type: ignore
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 
 from .config import WebDAVConfig
 
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("webdav")
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/webdav/tests/test_webdav.py b/plugins/webdav/tests/test_webdav.py
index 9ec5d82e..dc6ed856 100644
--- a/plugins/webdav/tests/test_webdav.py
+++ b/plugins/webdav/tests/test_webdav.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 import pytest
 from anyio import to_thread
 from asphalt.core import Context
-from jupyverse_api.main import JupyverseComponent
 
+from jupyverse_api.main import JupyverseComponent
 
 COMPONENTS = {
     "app": {"type": "app"},
diff --git a/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/main.py b/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/main.py
index 914cc3a1..eacd1b91 100644
--- a/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/main.py
+++ b/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/main.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from typing import Optional
 
 from asphalt.core import Component, Context, context_teardown
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth
 from jupyverse_api.contents import Contents
diff --git a/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/routes.py b/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/routes.py
index 148c5045..53064eb1 100644
--- a/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/routes.py
+++ b/plugins/yjs/fps_yjs/routes.py
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@
 )
 from jupyter_ydoc import ydocs as YDOCS
 from jupyter_ydoc.ybasedoc import YBaseDoc
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedOK
+from ypy_websocket.websocket_server import WebsocketServer, YRoom
+from ypy_websocket.ystore import SQLiteYStore, YDocNotFound
+from ypy_websocket.yutils import YMessageType, YSyncMessageType
+
 from jupyverse_api.app import App
 from jupyverse_api.auth import Auth, User
 from jupyverse_api.contents import Contents
 from jupyverse_api.yjs import Yjs
 from jupyverse_api.yjs.models import CreateDocumentSession
-from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedOK
-from ypy_websocket.websocket_server import WebsocketServer, YRoom
-from ypy_websocket.ystore import SQLiteYStore, YDocNotFound
-from ypy_websocket.yutils import YMessageType, YSyncMessageType
 
 YFILE = YDOCS["file"]
 AWARENESS = 1
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3d6d48dc..0680ebb6 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ auth = ["noauth", "auth", "auth_fief", "auth_jupyterhub"]
 [tool.hatch.envs.dev.scripts]
 test = "pytest ./tests plugins/webdav/tests -v --reruns 5 --timeout=60"
 lint = [
-  "black --line-length 100 jupyverse ./plugins",
-  "isort --profile=black jupyverse ./plugins",
+  "ruff format jupyverse jupyverse_api plugins",
+  "ruff check jupyverse jupyverse_api plugins --fix",
 ]
 typecheck0 = """mypy --no-incremental \
 ./jupyverse_api \
@@ -131,8 +131,21 @@ serve = "mkdocs serve --dev-addr localhost:8000"
 [tool.check-manifest]
 ignore = [ ".*",]
 
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 100
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+  # pycodestyle
+  "E",
+  # Pyflakes
+  "F",
+  # pyupgrade
+  # "UP",
+  # flake8-bugbear
+  # "B",
+  # flake8-simplify
+  # "SIM",
+  # isort
+  "I",
+]
 
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 100