CIP-0068

CIP	Title	Status	Category	Authors	Implementors	Discussions	Created	License
68	Datum Metadata Standard	Active	Tokens	Alessandro Konrad <[email protected]> Thomas Vellekoop <[email protected]>	Alessandro Konrad (SpaceBudz) 5Binaries (Blockfrost) Smaug (Pool.pm)	cardano-foundation#299 cardano-foundation#359 cardano-foundation#458 cardano-foundation#471 cardano-foundation#494 cardano-foundation#520	2022-07-13	CC-BY-4.0

Abstract

This proposal defines a metadata standard for native assets making use of output datums not only for NFTs but any asset class.

Motivation: why is this CIP necessary?

This proposal addresses a few shortcomings of CIP-0025:

• Lack of programmability;
• Difficult metadata update / evolution;
• Non-inspectable metadata from within Plutus validators

Besides these shortcomings CIP-0025 has some flaws in its design. For people unaware of CIP-0025 or want to use a different way of minting or want to use a different metadata format/mechanism you open up a protocol to metadata spoofing, because this standard is so established and metadata in minting transactions are interpreted by most platforms by default. Since this standard is not enforced at the protocol level there is no guarantee everyone will be aware of it or follow the rules. At the same time you limit and constraint the capabilities of the ledger if everyone was forced to follow the rules of CIP-0025.

This standard tackles all these problems and offers many more advantages, not only for NFTs, but also for any asset class that may follow. Additionally, this CIP will introduce a way to classify tokens so that third parties like wallets can easily know what the kind of token it is.

Specification

Considerations

The basic idea is to have two assets issued, where one references the other. We call these two a reference NFT and an user token, where the user token can be an NFT, FT or any other asset class that is transferable and represents any value. So, the user token is the actual asset that lives in a user's wallet.

To find the metadata for the user token you need to look for the output, where the reference NFT is locked in. How this is done concretely will become clear below. Moreover, this output contains a datum, which holds the metadata. The advantage of this approach is that the issuer of the assets can decide how the transaction output with the reference NFT is locked and further handled. If the issuer wants complete immutable metadata, the reference NFT can be locked at the address of an unspendable script. Similarly, if the issuer wants the NFTs/FTs to evolve or wants a mechanism to update the metadata, the reference NFT can be locked at the address of a script with arbitrary logic that the issuer decides.

Lastly and most importantly, with this construction, the metadata can be used by a Plutus V2 script with the use of reference inputs CIP-0031. This will drive further innovation in the token space.

Labels

Each asset name must be prefixed by a label. The intent of this label is to identify the purpose of the token. For example, a reference NFT is identified by the label 100 and so every token considered a reference NFT should start its asset name with the hex 000643b0. This is following CIP-0067, which specifies how the label prefix should be formatted.

Examples of asset names:

asset_name_label	asset_name_content	resulting_label_hex	resulting_content_hex	resulting_asset_name_hex
100	GenToken	000643b0	47656e546f6b656e	000643b047656e546f6b656e
100	NeverGonna	000643b0	4e65766572476f6e6e61	000643b04e65766572476f6e6e61
222	GiveYouUp	000de140	47697665596f755570	000de14047697665596f755570

For simplicity purposes, the document will use the label (100) or (<label>) in the following documentation, but understand it should follow the CIP-0067 specification.

Reference NFT label

This is the registered asset_name_label value

asset_name_label	class	description
100	NFT	Reference NFT locked at a script containing the datum

Constraints and conditions

For a correct relationship between the user token and the reference NFT a few conditions MUST be met.

• The user token and reference NFT MUST be under the same policy ID.
• For a specific user token there MUST exist exactly one reference NFT
• The user token and associated reference NFT MUST follow the standard naming pattern. The asset name of both assets is prefixed with its respective asset_name_label followed by a pattern defined by the asset class (e.g. asset_name_label 222)

Some remarks about the above,

1. The user token and reference NFT do not need to be minted in the same transaction. The order of minting is also not important.
2. It may be the case that there can be multiple user tokens (multiple asset names or quantity greater than 1) referencing the same reference NFT.

The datum in the output with the reference NFT contains the metadata at the first field of the constructor 0. The version number is at the second field of this constructor. The third field allows for arbitrary plutus data. This could be useful to forward relevant data to the plutus script:

big_int = int / big_uint / big_nint
big_uint = #6.2(bounded_bytes)
big_nint = #6.3(bounded_bytes)

metadata =
  { * metadata => metadata }
  / [ * metadata ]
  / big_int
  / bounded_bytes

version = int

; Custom user defined plutus data.
; Setting data is optional, but the field is required
; and needs to be at least Unit/Void: #6.121([])
extra = plutus_data

datum = #6.121([metadata, version, extra])

222 NFT Standard

Note Since version >= 1

Besides the necessary standard for the reference NFT we're introducing three specific token standards in this CIP. Note that the possibilities are endless here and more standards can be built on top of this CIP for FTs, other NFTs, rich fungible tokens, etc. The first is the 222 NFT standard with the registered asset_name_label prefix value

asset_name_label	class	description
222	NFT	NFT held by the user's wallet making use of CIP-0025 inner structure

Class

The user token represents an NFT (non-fungible token).

Pattern

The user token and reference NFT MUST have an identical name, preceded by the asset_name_label prefix.

Example:
user token: (222)Test123
reference NFT: (100)Test123

Metadata

This is a low-level representation of the metadata, following closely the structure of CIP-0025. All UTF-8 encoded keys and values need to be converted into their respective byte's representation when creating the datum on-chain.

files_details =
  {
    ? name : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    mediaType : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    src : uri,
    ; ... Additional properties are allowed
  }

metadata =
  {
    name : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8

    ; The image URI must point to a resource with media type (mime type) `image/*`
    ; (for example `image/png`, `image/jpeg`, `image/svg+xml`, etc.)
    image : uri,

    ? description : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    ? files : [* files_details]
    ; ... Additional properties are allowed
  }

; A valid Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) as a UTF-8 encoded bytestring.
; The URI scheme must be one of `https` (HTTP), `ipfs` (IPFS), `ar` (Arweave) or `data` (on-chain).
; Data URLs (on-chain data) must comply to RFC2397.
uri = bounded_bytes ; UTF-8
  
; Custom user defined plutus data.
; Setting data is optional, but the field is required
; and needs to be at least Unit/Void: #6.121([])
extra = plutus_data

datum = #6.121([metadata, version, extra])

version = 1 / 2

Example datum as JSON:

{
  "constructor": 0,
  "fields": [
    {
      "map": [
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "6E616D65"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "5370616365427564"
          }
        },
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "696D616765"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "697066733A2F2F74657374"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "int": 1
    }
  ]
}

Retrieve metadata as 3rd party

A third party has the following NFT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(222)TestToken they want to lookup. The steps are

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in.
3. Get the datum from the output and lookup metadata by going into the first field of constructor 0.
4. Convert to JSON and encode all string entries to UTF-8 if possible, otherwise leave them in hex.

Retrieve metadata from a Plutus validator

We want to bring the metadata of the NFT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(222)TestToken in the Plutus validator context. To do this we

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken (off-chain)
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in. (off-chain)
3. Reference the output in the transaction. (off-chain)
4. Verify validity of datum of the referenced output by checking if policy ID of reference NFT and user token and their asset names without the asset_name_label prefix match. (on-chain)

333 FT Standard

Note Since version >= 1

The second introduced standard is the 333 FT standard with the registered asset_name_label prefix value

asset_name_label	class	description
333	FT	FT hold by the user's wallet making use of Cardano foundation off-chain registry inner structure

Class

The user token is an FT (fungible token).

Pattern

The user token and reference NFT MUST have an identical name, preceded by the asset_name_label prefix.

Example:
user token: (333)Test123
reference NFT: (100)Test123

Metadata

This is a low-level representation of the metadata, following closely the structure of the Cardano foundation off-chain metadata registry. All UTF-8 encoded keys and values need to be converted into their respective byte's representation when creating the datum on-chain.

; Explanation here: https://developers.cardano.org/docs/native-tokens/token-registry/cardano-token-registry/

metadata =
  {
    name : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    description : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    ? ticker: bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    ? url: bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    ? decimals: int

    ; 'logo' does not follow the explanation of the token-registry, it needs to be a valid URI and not a plain bytestring.
    ; The logo URI must point to a resource with media type (mime type) `image/png`, `image/jpeg` or `image/svg+xml`.
    ? logo: uri,

    ; ... Additional properties are allowed
  }

; A valid Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) as a UTF-8 encoded bytestring.
; The URI scheme must be one of `https` (HTTP), `ipfs` (IPFS), `ar` (Arweave) or `data` (on-chain).
; Data URLs (on-chain data) must comply to RFC2397.
uri = bounded_bytes ; UTF-8

; Custom user defined plutus data.
; Setting data is optional, but the field is required
; and needs to be at least Unit/Void: #6.121([])
extra = plutus_data

datum = #6.121([metadata, version, extra])

version = 1 / 2

Example datum as JSON:

{
  "constructor": 0,
  "fields": [
    {
      "map": [
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "6E616D65"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "5370616365427564"
          }
        },
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "6465736372697074696F6E"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "54686973206973206D79207465737420746F6B656E"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "int": 1
    }
  ]
}

Retrieve metadata as 3rd party

A third party has the following FT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(333)TestToken they want to lookup. The steps are

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in.
3. Get the datum from the output and lookup metadata by going into the first field of constructor 0.
4. Convert to JSON and encode all string entries to UTF-8 if possible, otherwise leave them in hex.

Retrieve metadata from a Plutus validator

We want to bring the metadata of the FT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(333)TestToken in the Plutus validator context. To do this we

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken (off-chain)
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in. (off-chain)
3. Reference the output in the transaction. (off-chain)
4. Verify validity of datum of the referenced output by checking if policy ID of reference NFT and user token and their asset names without the asset_name_label prefix match. (on-chain)

444 RFT Standard

Warning Since version >= 2

The third introduced standard is the 444 Rich-FT standard with the registered asset_name_label prefix value

asset_name_label	class	description
444	RFT	RFT hold by the user's wallet making use of the union of CIP-0025 inner structure AND the Cardano foundation off-chain registry inner structure

Rich-Fungible tokens don't fit cleanly into the other two FT/NFT classes of tokens and thus need their own standard. An example of an RFT would be a fractionalized NFT. The single reference NFT (100) represents the NFT itself, and the many (444) tokens represent the fractionalized shares. Minting 100 tokens and setting decimals to 2 would represent a single NFT that is split into 100 fractions.

Class

The user token is an RFT (rich-fungible token).

Pattern

The user token and reference NFT MUST have an identical name, preceded by the asset_name_label prefix.

Example:
user token: (444)Test123
reference NFT: (100)Test123

Metadata

This is a low-level representation of the metadata, following closely the structure of CIP-0025 with the optional decimals field added. All UTF-8 encoded keys and values need to be converted into their respective byte's representation when creating the datum on-chain.

files_details =
  {
    ? name : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    mediaType : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    src : uri,
    ; ... Additional properties are allowed
  }

metadata =
  {
    name : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8

    ; The image URI must point to a resource with media type (mime type) `image/*`
    ; (for example `image/png`, `image/jpeg`, `image/svg+xml`, etc.)
    image : uri,

    ? description : bounded_bytes, ; UTF-8
    ? decimals: int,
    ? files : [* files_details]
    ; ... Additional properties are allowed
  }

; A valid Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) as a UTF-8 encoded bytestring.
; The URI scheme must be one of `https` (HTTP), `ipfs` (IPFS), `ar` (Arweave) or `data` (on-chain).
; Data URLs (on-chain data) must comply to RFC2397.
uri = bounded_bytes ; UTF-8

; Custom user defined plutus data.
; Setting data is optional, but the field is required
; and needs to be at least Unit/Void: #6.121([])
extra = plutus_data

datum = #6.121([metadata, version, extra])

version = 2

Example datum as JSON:

{
  "constructor": 0,
  "fields": [
    {
      "map": [
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "6E616D65"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "5370616365427564"
          }
        },
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "6465736372697074696F6E"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "54686973206973206D79207465737420746F6B656E"
          }
        },
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "696D616765"
          },
          "v": {
            "bytes": "697066733A2F2F74657374"
          }
        },
        {
          "k": {
            "bytes": "646563696D616C73"
          },
          "v": {
            "int": 2
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "int": 1
    }
  ]
}

Retrieve metadata as 3rd party

A third party has the following RFT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(444)TestToken they want to lookup. The steps are

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in.
3. Get the datum from the output and lookup metadata by going into the first field of constructor 0.
4. Convert to JSON and encode all string entries to UTF-8 if possible, otherwise leave them in hex.

Retrieve metadata from a Plutus validator

We want to bring the metadata of the RFT d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(444)TestToken in the Plutus validator context. To do this we

1. Construct reference NFT from user token: d5e6bf0500378d4f0da4e8dde6becec7621cd8cbf5cbb9b87013d4cc.(100)TestToken (off-chain)
2. Look up reference NFT and find the output it's locked in. (off-chain)
3. Reference the output in the transaction. (off-chain)
4. Verify validity of datum of the referenced output by checking if policy ID of reference NFT and user token and their asset names without the asset_name_label prefix match. (on-chain)

Rationale: how does this CIP achieve its goals?

Without separation of reference NFT and user token you lose all flexibility and moving the user token would be quite cumbersome as you would need to add the metadata everytime to the new output where the user token is sent to. Hence, you separate metadata and user token and lock the metadata inside another UTxO, so you can freely move the user token around.

In order to reference the correct UTxO containing the metadata, it needs to be authenticated, otherwise metadata spoofing attacks become possible. One way to achieve that is by adding an NFT (reference NFT) to the UTxO. This NFT needs to under the same Policy ID as the user token, followed by an asset name pattern defined in the standard. This way you create a secure link between reference NFT and user token without the need for any extra data, and you can make use of this off-chain and on-chain.

The security for the link is derived from the minting policy itself, so it's important to write the validator with the right constraints and rules since this CIP solely defines the interface to keep flexibility as high as possible.

Backward Compatibility

To keep metadata compatibility with changes coming in the future, we introduce a version field in the datum.

Extending & Modifying this CIP

The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this section are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

All CIPs proposing to modify or extend this standard MUST include the language or a reference link to the extension and modification language found in the Extension Boilerplate.

In order to prevent conflicting updates in the future; the addition of new asset classes following, or as part of, this standard MUST be submitted as a new CIP providing their own justification, implementation, rationale, and community review prior to official acceptance. Newly proposed asset_name_labels SHOULD NOT be added to CIP-0067 until the accompanying CIP has matured through the community review and feedback stage to a point that it is considered in the Under Review status and is assigned a tentative CIP number by the CIP Editors panel.

A brief reference to new asset classes MAY be added to this document after the accompanying CIP achieves the accepted status. Documentation describing these token asset classes MUST be fully encapsulated within their individual CIPs and a link MUST be provided to that CIP within this document.

If a modification or change is deemed necessary to one of the asset classes contained within this document: namely Asset Name Labels: 100, 222, 333, or 444; which do not fundamentally change the nature, use, or reference of the tokens; it MAY be made as a modification of this document. However, any change proposed that presents a non-backwards compatible change MUST include an accompanying version field iteration and both specifications for the proposed, current, and historical versions of the format MUST be maintained to assist future implementors who may encounter a version of these tokens from any point in time with the following format:

#### Versions

1. [6d897eb](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/6d897eb60805a58a3e54821fe61284d5c5903764/CIP-XXXX)
2. [45fa23b](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/45fa23b60806367a3e52231e552c4d7654237678/CIP-XXXX)
3. **Current**

Each time a new version is introduced the previous version's link MUST be updated to match the last commit corresponding to the previous version.

If a change is proposed that would fundamentally alter the nature of one or more of the asset_name_labels and their associated tokens contained within this document, namely Asset Name Labels: 100, 222, 333, or 444; these changes MUST be submitted via a new, separate CIP with its own justification, implementation, rationale, and community review prior to official acceptance. These separate CIPs MUST include a plan for the obsolescence of any previous versions of the affected tokens. asset_name_labels MUST only be marked obsolete once a modifying CIP achieves the accepted status.

Path to Active

Acceptance Criteria

• Agree on a binary encoding for asset name labels in CIP-0067.
• Get support for this CIP by wallets, explorers, tools, minting platforms and other 3rd parties.
• Minimal reference implementation making use of Lucid ( off-chain), PlutusTx (on-chain): Implementation
• Open-source more practical implementations/projects which make use of this CIP.

Implementation Plan

To keep metadata compatibility with changes coming in the future, we introduce a version field in the datum as an integer to increment. New asset classes or changes to the on-chain format must come with a version bump.

References

• CIP 25 - Media NFT Metadata Standard
• CIP 31 - Reference inputs
• CIP 67 - Asset Name Label Registry
• RFC 3986 - Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• RFC 2397 - The "data" URL scheme

Changelog

version 1

• NFT (222) & FT (333) asset classes

version 2

• Added new RFT asset class (444)

Copyright

This CIP is licensed under CC-BY-4.0.