diff --git a/examples/remix/app/routes/login-fetcher.tsx b/examples/remix/app/routes/login-fetcher.tsx
index e1a5c34f..62c3faf3 100644
--- a/examples/remix/app/routes/login-fetcher.tsx
+++ b/examples/remix/app/routes/login-fetcher.tsx
@@ -12,22 +12,22 @@ interface SignupForm {
 function parseFormData(formData: FormData) {
 	return parse<SignupForm>(formData, {
 		resolve({ email, password, confirmPassword }) {
-			const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+			const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
 			if (!email) {
-				error.email = 'Email is required';
+				error.email = ['Email is required'];
 			} else if (!email.includes('@')) {
-				error.email = 'Email is invalid';
+				error.email = ['Email is invalid'];
 			}
 
 			if (!password) {
-				error.password = 'Password is required';
+				error.password = ['Password is required'];
 			}
 
 			if (!confirmPassword) {
-				error.confirmPassword = 'Confirm password is required';
+				error.confirmPassword = ['Confirm password is required'];
 			} else if (confirmPassword !== password) {
-				error.confirmPassword = 'Password does not match';
+				error.confirmPassword = ['Password does not match'];
 			}
 
 			if (error.email || error.password || error.confirmPassword) {
diff --git a/packages/conform-dom/formdata.ts b/packages/conform-dom/formdata.ts
index ee5417e2..12136f59 100644
--- a/packages/conform-dom/formdata.ts
+++ b/packages/conform-dom/formdata.ts
@@ -26,25 +26,24 @@ export function getFormData(
  * ```
  */
 export function getPaths(name: string): Array<string | number> {
-	const pattern = /(\w*)\[(\d+)\]/;
-
 	if (!name) {
 		return [];
 	}
 
-	return name.split('.').flatMap((key) => {
-		const matches = pattern.exec(key);
-
-		if (!matches) {
-			return key;
-		}
-
-		if (matches[1] === '') {
-			return Number(matches[2]);
-		}
-
-		return [matches[1], Number(matches[2])];
-	});
+	return name
+		.split(/\.|(\[\d*\])/)
+		.reduce<Array<string | number>>((result, segment) => {
+			if (typeof segment !== 'undefined' && segment !== '') {
+				if (segment.startsWith('[') && segment.endsWith(']')) {
+					const index = segment.slice(1, -1);
+
+					result.push(Number(index));
+				} else {
+					result.push(segment);
+				}
+			}
+			return result;
+		}, []);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -72,22 +71,23 @@ export function formatPaths(paths: Array<string | number>): string {
  * Assign a value to a target object by following the paths on the name
  */
 export function setValue(
-	target: any,
+	target: Record<string, any>,
 	name: string,
 	valueFn: (prev?: unknown) => any,
 ): void {
-	let paths = getPaths(name);
-	let length = paths.length;
-	let lastIndex = length - 1;
+	const paths = getPaths(name);
+	const length = paths.length;
+	const lastIndex = length - 1;
+
 	let index = -1;
 	let pointer = target;
 
 	while (pointer != null && ++index < length) {
-		let key = paths[index];
-		let next = paths[index + 1];
-		let newValue =
+		const key = paths[index] as string | number;
+		const nextKey = paths[index + 1];
+		const newValue =
 			index != lastIndex
-				? pointer[key] ?? (typeof next === 'number' ? [] : {})
+				? pointer[key] ?? (typeof nextKey === 'number' ? [] : {})
 				: valueFn(pointer[key]);
 
 		pointer[key] = newValue;
@@ -144,17 +144,13 @@ export function resolve(
 /**
  * Format the error messages into a validation message
  */
-export function getValidationMessage(errors?: string | string[]): string {
-	return ([] as string[]).concat(errors ?? []).join(String.fromCharCode(31));
+export function getValidationMessage(errors?: string[]): string {
+	return errors?.join(String.fromCharCode(31)) ?? '';
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieve the error messages from the validation message
  */
 export function getErrors(validationMessage: string | undefined): string[] {
-	if (!validationMessage) {
-		return [];
-	}
-
-	return validationMessage.split(String.fromCharCode(31));
+	return validationMessage?.split(String.fromCharCode(31)) ?? [];
 }
diff --git a/packages/conform-dom/parse.ts b/packages/conform-dom/parse.ts
index 8cadb81e..594198f7 100644
--- a/packages/conform-dom/parse.ts
+++ b/packages/conform-dom/parse.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { INTENT, getIntent, parseIntent, updateList } from './intent.js';
 export type Submission<Schema = any> = {
 	intent: string;
 	payload: Record<string, any>;
-	error: Record<string, string | string[]>;
+	error: Record<string, string[]>;
 	value?: Schema | null;
 };
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export function parse<Schema>(
 		resolve?: (
 			payload: Record<string, any>,
 			intent: string,
-		) => { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> };
+		) => { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> };
 		stripEmptyValue?: boolean;
 	},
 ): Submission<Schema>;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function parse<Schema>(
 		resolve?: (
 			payload: Record<string, any>,
 			intent: string,
-		) => Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> }>;
+		) => Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> }>;
 		stripEmptyValue?: boolean;
 	},
 ): Promise<Submission<Schema>>;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ export function parse<Schema>(
 			payload: Record<string, any>,
 			intent: string,
 		) =>
-			| { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> }
-			| Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> }>;
+			| { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> }
+			| Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> }>;
 		stripEmptyValue?: boolean;
 	},
 ): Submission<Schema> | Promise<Submission<Schema>>;
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ export function parse<Schema>(
 			payload: Record<string, any>,
 			intent: string,
 		) =>
-			| { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> }
-			| Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string | string[]> }>;
+			| { value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> }
+			| Promise<{ value?: Schema; error?: Record<string, string[]> }>;
 		stripEmptyValue?: boolean;
 	},
 ): Submission<Schema> | Promise<Submission<Schema>> {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export function parse<Schema>(
 
 	const result = options.resolve(submission.payload, submission.intent);
 	const mergeResolveResult = (resolved: {
-		error?: Record<string, string | string[]>;
+		error?: Record<string, string[]>;
 		value?: Schema;
 	}) => {
 		return {
diff --git a/packages/conform-dom/tsconfig.json b/packages/conform-dom/tsconfig.json
index 05ad47f2..f0160e86 100644
--- a/packages/conform-dom/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/conform-dom/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 		"target": "ES2020",
 		"moduleResolution": "node16",
 		"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": false,
+		"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
 		"strict": true,
 		"declaration": true,
 		"emitDeclarationOnly": true,
diff --git a/packages/conform-react/README.md b/packages/conform-react/README.md
index f208b96b..136e5764 100644
--- a/packages/conform-react/README.md
+++ b/packages/conform-react/README.md
@@ -392,16 +392,16 @@ import { parse } from '@conform-to/react';
 const formData = new FormData();
 const submission = parse(formData, {
   resolve({ email, password }) {
-    const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+    const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
     if (typeof email !== 'string') {
-      error.email = 'Email is required';
+      error.email = ['Email is required'];
     } else if (!/^[^@]+@[^@]+$/.test(email)) {
-      error.email = 'Email is invalid';
+      error.email = ['Email is invalid'];
     }
 
     if (typeof password !== 'string') {
-      error.password = 'Password is required';
+      error.password = ['Password is required'];
     }
 
     if (error.email || error.password) {
diff --git a/packages/conform-react/hooks.ts b/packages/conform-react/hooks.ts
index de0f16e5..e013083c 100644
--- a/packages/conform-react/hooks.ts
+++ b/packages/conform-react/hooks.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export interface FieldConfig<Schema> extends FieldConstraint<Schema> {
 	id?: string;
 	name: string;
 	defaultValue?: FieldValue<Schema>;
-	initialError?: Record<string, string | string[]>;
+	initialError?: Record<string, string[]>;
 	form?: string;
 	descriptionId?: string;
 	errorId?: string;
@@ -179,24 +179,12 @@ interface FormProps {
 interface Form {
 	id?: string;
 	errorId?: string;
-	error: string;
+	error: string | undefined;
 	errors: string[];
 	ref: RefObject<HTMLFormElement>;
 	props: FormProps;
 }
 
-/**
- * Normalize error to an array of string.
- */
-function normalizeError(error: string | string[] | undefined): string[] {
-	if (!error) {
-		// This treat both empty string and undefined as no error.
-		return [];
-	}
-
-	return ([] as string[]).concat(error);
-}
-
 function useNoValidate(
 	defaultNoValidate: boolean | undefined,
 	validateBeforeHydrate: boolean | undefined,
@@ -278,7 +266,7 @@ function useFormReporter(
 function useFormError(
 	ref: RefObject<HTMLFormElement | HTMLFieldSetElement>,
 	config: {
-		initialError: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined> | undefined;
+		initialError: Record<string, string[] | undefined> | undefined;
 		name?: string;
 	},
 ) {
@@ -290,10 +278,10 @@ function useFormError(
 		const result: Record<string | number, string[] | undefined> = {};
 
 		for (const [name, message] of Object.entries(config.initialError)) {
-			const paths = getPaths(name);
+			const [path, ...restPaths] = getPaths(name);
 
-			if (paths.length === 1) {
-				result[paths[0]] = normalizeError(message);
+			if (typeof path !== 'undefined' && restPaths.length === 0) {
+				result[path] = message;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -304,43 +292,32 @@ function useFormError(
 		const handleInvalid = (event: Event) => {
 			const form = getFormElement(ref.current);
 			const element = event.target;
+			const prefix = config.name ?? '';
 
 			if (
 				!isFieldElement(element) ||
 				element.form !== form ||
+				!element.name.startsWith(prefix) ||
 				!element.dataset.conformTouched
 			) {
 				return;
 			}
 
-			let key: string | number = element.name;
-
-			if (config.name) {
-				const scopePaths = getPaths(config.name);
-				const fieldPaths = getPaths(element.name);
+			const name = element.name.slice(prefix.length);
+			const [path, ...restPaths] = getPaths(name);
 
-				for (let i = 0; i <= scopePaths.length; i++) {
-					const path = fieldPaths[i];
-
-					if (i < scopePaths.length) {
-						// Skip if the field is not in the scope
-						if (path !== scopePaths[i]) {
-							return;
-						}
-					} else {
-						key = path;
-					}
-				}
+			if (typeof path === 'undefined' || restPaths.length > 0) {
+				return;
 			}
 
 			setError((prev) => {
-				if (element.validationMessage === getValidationMessage(prev[key])) {
+				if (element.validationMessage === getValidationMessage(prev[path])) {
 					return prev;
 				}
 
 				return {
 					...prev,
-					[key]: getErrors(element.validationMessage),
+					[path]: getErrors(element.validationMessage),
 				};
 			});
 
@@ -380,8 +357,8 @@ export function useForm<
 	const ref = useFormRef(config.ref);
 	const noValidate = useNoValidate(config.noValidate, config.fallbackNative);
 	const report = useFormReporter(ref, config.lastSubmission);
-	const [errors, setErrors] = useState<string[]>(() =>
-		normalizeError(config.lastSubmission?.error['']),
+	const [errors, setErrors] = useState<string[]>(
+		() => config.lastSubmission?.error[''] ?? [],
 	);
 	const initialError = useMemo(() => {
 		const submission = config.lastSubmission;
@@ -393,9 +370,11 @@ export function useForm<
 		const intent = parseIntent(submission.intent);
 		const scope = getScope(intent);
 
-		return scope === null
-			? submission.error
-			: { [scope]: submission.error[scope] };
+		if (typeof scope !== 'string') {
+			return submission.error;
+		}
+
+		return { [scope]: submission.error[scope] ?? [] };
 	}, [config.lastSubmission]);
 	// This payload from lastSubmission is only useful before hydration
 	// After hydration, any new payload on lastSubmission will be ignored
@@ -515,7 +494,7 @@ export function useForm<
 						submission.error,
 					).reduce<{ errors: string[]; shouldServerValidate: boolean }>(
 						(result, [, error]) => {
-							for (const message of normalizeError(error)) {
+							for (const message of error) {
 								if (message === VALIDATION_UNDEFINED) {
 									result.shouldServerValidate = true;
 								} else if (message !== VALIDATION_SKIPPED) {
@@ -598,7 +577,7 @@ export interface FieldsetConfig<
 	/**
 	 * An object describing the initial error of each field
 	 */
-	initialError?: Record<string, string | string[]>;
+	initialError?: Record<string, string[]>;
 
 	/**
 	 * An object describing the constraint of each field
@@ -659,7 +638,7 @@ export function useFieldset<Schema extends Record<string, any> | undefined>(
 					}
 
 					return result;
-				}, {} as Record<string, string | string[]>);
+				}, {} as Record<string, string[]>);
 				const field: FieldConfig<any> = {
 					...constraint,
 					name: fieldsetConfig.name ? `${fieldsetConfig.name}.${key}` : key,
@@ -728,7 +707,7 @@ export function useFieldList<Schema extends Array<any> | undefined>(
 			}
 
 			setEntries((entries) => {
-				let list = [...entries];
+				const list = [...entries];
 
 				switch (intent.payload.operation) {
 					case 'append':
@@ -738,7 +717,7 @@ export function useFieldList<Schema extends Array<any> | undefined>(
 							...intent.payload,
 							defaultValue: [
 								// Generate a random key to avoid conflicts
-								crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(1))[0].toString(36),
+								getUniqueKey(),
 								intent.payload.defaultValue,
 							],
 						});
@@ -805,7 +784,7 @@ export function useFieldList<Schema extends Array<any> | undefined>(
 
 				return result;
 			},
-			{} as Record<string, string | string[]>,
+			{} as Record<string, string[]>,
 		);
 		const fieldConfig: FieldConfig<
 			Schema extends Array<infer Item> ? Item : never
@@ -846,18 +825,6 @@ interface InputControl {
 	blur: () => void;
 }
 
-export function useEventListeners(type: string, ref: RefObject<FieldElement>) {
-	useSafeLayoutEffect(() => {
-		const listener = (event: Event) => {};
-
-		document.addEventListener(type, listener);
-
-		return () => {
-			document.removeEventListener(type, listener);
-		};
-	}, [type, ref]);
-}
-
 /**
  * Returns a ref object and a set of helpers that dispatch corresponding dom event.
  *
@@ -1092,8 +1059,8 @@ export function validateConstraint(options: {
 		options?.formatMessages ?? (({ defaultErrors }) => defaultErrors);
 
 	return parse(formData, {
-		resolve(payload, intent) {
-			const error: Record<string, string | string[]> = {};
+		resolve() {
+			const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 			const constraintPattern = /^constraint[A-Z][^A-Z]*$/;
 			for (const element of options.form.elements) {
 				if (isFieldElement(element)) {
@@ -1141,13 +1108,23 @@ export function validateConstraint(options: {
 	});
 }
 
+export function getUniqueKey() {
+	const [value] = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(1));
+
+	if (!value) {
+		throw new Error('Fail to generate an unique key');
+	}
+
+	return value.toString(36);
+}
+
 export function reportSubmission(
 	form: HTMLFormElement,
 	submission: SubmissionResult,
 ): void {
 	for (const [name, message] of Object.entries(submission.error)) {
 		// There is no need to create a placeholder button if all we want is to reset the error
-		if (message === '') {
+		if (message.length === 0) {
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1184,7 +1161,7 @@ export function reportSubmission(
 	for (const element of getFormControls(form)) {
 		const elementName =
 			element.name !== FORM_ERROR_ELEMENT_NAME ? element.name : '';
-		const messages = normalizeError(submission.error[elementName]);
+		const messages = submission.error[elementName] ?? [];
 
 		if (scope === null || scope === elementName) {
 			element.dataset.conformTouched = 'true';
diff --git a/packages/conform-react/tsconfig.json b/packages/conform-react/tsconfig.json
index 05ad47f2..f0160e86 100644
--- a/packages/conform-react/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/conform-react/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 		"target": "ES2020",
 		"moduleResolution": "node16",
 		"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": false,
+		"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
 		"strict": true,
 		"declaration": true,
 		"emitDeclarationOnly": true,
diff --git a/packages/conform-yup/index.ts b/packages/conform-yup/index.ts
index d4bf8777..aa863098 100644
--- a/packages/conform-yup/index.ts
+++ b/packages/conform-yup/index.ts
@@ -120,23 +120,13 @@ export function parse<Schema extends yup.AnyObjectSchema>(
 			const resolveError = (error: unknown) => {
 				if (error instanceof yup.ValidationError) {
 					return {
-						error: error.inner.reduce<Record<string, string | string[]>>(
-							(result, e) => {
-								const name = e.path ?? '';
+						error: error.inner.reduce<Record<string, string[]>>((result, e) => {
+							const name = e.path ?? '';
 
-								if (typeof result[name] === 'undefined') {
-									result[name] = e.message;
-								} else {
-									result[name] = ([] as string[]).concat(
-										result[name],
-										e.message,
-									);
-								}
+							result[name] = [...(result[name] ?? []), e.message];
 
-								return result;
-							},
-							{},
-						),
+							return result;
+						}, {}),
 					};
 				}
 
diff --git a/packages/conform-yup/tsconfig.json b/packages/conform-yup/tsconfig.json
index 05ad47f2..f0160e86 100644
--- a/packages/conform-yup/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/conform-yup/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 		"target": "ES2020",
 		"moduleResolution": "node16",
 		"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": false,
+		"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
 		"strict": true,
 		"declaration": true,
 		"emitDeclarationOnly": true,
diff --git a/packages/conform-zod/index.ts b/packages/conform-zod/index.ts
index 8c881a2a..8ee246b5 100644
--- a/packages/conform-zod/index.ts
+++ b/packages/conform-zod/index.ts
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ export function getFieldsetConstraint<Source extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
 								typeof nextConstraint[key] !== 'undefined' &&
 								prevConstraint[key] === nextConstraint[key]
 							) {
+								// @ts-expect-error
 								result[name][key] = prevConstraint[key];
 							}
 						}
@@ -206,9 +207,7 @@ export function parse<Schema extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
 					: config.schema;
 			const resolveResult = (
 				result: z.SafeParseReturnType<z.input<Schema>, z.output<Schema>>,
-			):
-				| { value: z.output<Schema> }
-				| { error: Record<string, string | string[]> } => {
+			): { value: z.output<Schema> } | { error: Record<string, string[]> } => {
 				if (result.success) {
 					return {
 						value: result.data,
@@ -216,15 +215,11 @@ export function parse<Schema extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
 				}
 
 				return {
-					error: result.error.errors.reduce<Record<string, string | string[]>>(
+					error: result.error.errors.reduce<Record<string, string[]>>(
 						(result, e) => {
 							const name = getName(e.path);
 
-							if (typeof result[name] === 'undefined') {
-								result[name] = e.message;
-							} else {
-								result[name] = ([] as string[]).concat(result[name], e.message);
-							}
+							result[name] = [...(result[name] ?? []), e.message];
 
 							return result;
 						},
diff --git a/packages/conform-zod/tsconfig.json b/packages/conform-zod/tsconfig.json
index 05ad47f2..f0160e86 100644
--- a/packages/conform-zod/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/conform-zod/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 		"target": "ES2020",
 		"moduleResolution": "node16",
 		"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": false,
+		"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
 		"strict": true,
 		"declaration": true,
 		"emitDeclarationOnly": true,
diff --git a/playground/app/components.tsx b/playground/app/components.tsx
index dbe1cdfb..eb3dd02e 100644
--- a/playground/app/components.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/components.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 
 interface PlaygroundProps<
 	Submission extends {
-		error: Record<string, string | string[]> | null;
+		error: Record<string, string[]> | null;
 	},
 > {
 	title: string;
diff --git a/playground/app/routes/input-attributes.tsx b/playground/app/routes/input-attributes.tsx
index 081ceb11..c2d37164 100644
--- a/playground/app/routes/input-attributes.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/routes/input-attributes.tsx
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export async function action({ request }: ActionArgs) {
 	return json({
 		...submission,
 		error: {
-			'': 'Submitted',
+			'': ['Submitted'],
 		},
 	});
 }
diff --git a/playground/app/routes/login.tsx b/playground/app/routes/login.tsx
index a8817ac6..0fd75a4b 100644
--- a/playground/app/routes/login.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/routes/login.tsx
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ interface Login {
 function parseLoginForm(formData: FormData) {
 	return parse<Login>(formData, {
 		resolve({ email, password }) {
-			const error: Partial<Record<keyof Login, string>> = {};
+			const error: Partial<Record<keyof Login, string[]>> = {};
 
 			if (!email) {
-				error.email = 'Email is required';
+				error.email = ['Email is required'];
 			}
 
 			if (!password) {
-				error.password = 'Password is required';
+				error.password = ['Password is required'];
 			}
 
 			if (error.email || error.password) {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export async function action({ request }: ActionArgs) {
 		(submission.value.email !== 'me@edmund.dev' ||
 			submission.value.password !== '$eCreTP@ssWord')
 	) {
-		submission.error[''] = 'The provided email or password is not valid';
+		submission.error[''] = ['The provided email or password is not valid'];
 	}
 
 	return json({
diff --git a/playground/app/routes/movie.tsx b/playground/app/routes/movie.tsx
index 88203663..81d6e144 100644
--- a/playground/app/routes/movie.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/routes/movie.tsx
@@ -19,24 +19,24 @@ export async function action({ request }: ActionArgs) {
 	const formData = await request.formData();
 	const submission = parse(formData, {
 		resolve({ title, description, genre, rating }) {
-			const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+			const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
 			if (!title) {
-				error.title = 'Title is required';
+				error.title = ['Title is required'];
 			} else if (!title.match(/[0-9a-zA-Z ]{1,20}/)) {
-				error.title = 'Please enter a valid title';
+				error.title = ['Please enter a valid title'];
 			}
 
 			if (description && description.length < 30) {
-				error.description = 'Please provides more details';
+				error.description = ['Please provides more details'];
 			}
 
 			if (genre === '') {
-				error.genre = 'Genre is required';
+				error.genre = ['Genre is required'];
 			}
 
 			if (rating && Number(rating) % 0.5 !== 0) {
-				error.rating = 'The provided rating is invalid';
+				error.rating = ['The provided rating is invalid'];
 			}
 
 			if (error.title || error.description || error.genre || error.rating) {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export default function MovieForm() {
 			? ({ form, formData }) => {
 					const submission = parse(formData, {
 						resolve({ title, description, genre, rating }) {
-							const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+							const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
 							for (const element of form.elements) {
 								if (!isFieldElement(element)) {
@@ -103,24 +103,24 @@ export default function MovieForm() {
 								switch (element.name) {
 									case 'title':
 										if (element.validity.valueMissing) {
-											error[element.name] = 'Title is required';
+											error[element.name] = ['Title is required'];
 										} else if (element.validity.patternMismatch) {
-											error[element.name] = 'Please enter a valid title';
+											error[element.name] = ['Please enter a valid title'];
 										}
 										break;
 									case 'description':
 										if (element.validity.tooShort) {
-											error[element.name] = 'Please provides more details';
+											error[element.name] = ['Please provides more details'];
 										}
 										break;
 									case 'genre':
 										if (element.validity.valueMissing) {
-											error[element.name] = 'Genre is required';
+											error[element.name] = ['Genre is required'];
 										}
 										break;
 									case 'rating':
 										if (element.validity.stepMismatch) {
-											error[element.name] = 'The provided rating is invalid';
+											error[element.name] = ['The provided rating is invalid'];
 										}
 										break;
 								}
diff --git a/playground/app/routes/radio-buttons.tsx b/playground/app/routes/radio-buttons.tsx
index 6a008992..425a0b61 100644
--- a/playground/app/routes/radio-buttons.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/routes/radio-buttons.tsx
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ interface Schema {
 function parseForm(formData: FormData) {
 	return parse(formData, {
 		resolve({ answer }) {
-			const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+			const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
 			if (!answer) {
-				error.answer = 'Required';
+				error.answer = ['Required'];
 			}
 
 			if (error.answer) {
diff --git a/playground/app/routes/signup.tsx b/playground/app/routes/signup.tsx
index 9707ae34..51d02f5d 100644
--- a/playground/app/routes/signup.tsx
+++ b/playground/app/routes/signup.tsx
@@ -13,27 +13,27 @@ interface Signup {
 function parseSignupForm(formData: FormData) {
 	return parse(formData, {
 		resolve({ email, password, confirmPassword }) {
-			const error: Record<string, string> = {};
+			const error: Record<string, string[]> = {};
 
 			if (!email) {
-				error.email = 'Email is required';
+				error.email = ['Email is required'];
 			} else if (
 				typeof email !== 'string' ||
 				!email.match(/^[^()@\s]+@[\w\d.]+$/)
 			) {
-				error.email = 'Email is invalid';
+				error.email = ['Email is invalid'];
 			}
 
 			if (!password) {
-				error.password = 'Password is required';
+				error.password = ['Password is required'];
 			} else if (typeof password === 'string' && password.length < 8) {
-				error.password = 'Password is too short';
+				error.password = ['Password is too short'];
 			}
 
 			if (!confirmPassword) {
-				error.confirmPassword = 'Confirm password is required';
+				error.confirmPassword = ['Confirm password is required'];
 			} else if (confirmPassword !== password) {
-				error.confirmPassword = 'The password provided does not match';
+				error.confirmPassword = ['The password provided does not match'];
 			}
 
 			if (error.email || error.password || error.confirmPassword) {
diff --git a/tests/conform-yup.spec.ts b/tests/conform-yup.spec.ts
index 65f3330c..1a1d4248 100644
--- a/tests/conform-yup.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/conform-yup.spec.ts
@@ -64,16 +64,16 @@ test.describe('conform-yup', () => {
 	const error = {
 		text: ['min', 'regex'],
 		tag: ['required', 'invalid'],
-		number: 'max',
-		timestamp: 'min',
-		'options[1]': 'invalid',
-		options: 'min',
-		'nested.key': 'required',
-		nested: 'error',
-		'list[0].key': 'required',
-		'list[0]': 'error',
-		list: 'max',
-		'': 'error',
+		number: ['max'],
+		timestamp: ['min'],
+		'options[1]': ['invalid'],
+		options: ['min'],
+		'nested.key': ['required'],
+		nested: ['error'],
+		'list[0].key': ['required'],
+		'list[0]': ['error'],
+		list: ['max'],
+		'': ['error'],
 	};
 
 	test('getFieldsetConstraint', () => {
diff --git a/tests/conform-zod.spec.ts b/tests/conform-zod.spec.ts
index 55efb2cf..f3e0f454 100644
--- a/tests/conform-zod.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/conform-zod.spec.ts
@@ -213,16 +213,16 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		};
 		const error = {
 			text: ['min', 'regex', 'refine'],
-			number: 'step',
-			timestamp: 'min',
-			options: 'min',
-			'options[0]': 'refine',
-			'options[1]': 'refine',
-			'nested.key': 'refine',
-			files: 'required',
-			nested: 'refine',
-			list: 'max',
-			'list[0].key': 'required',
+			number: ['step'],
+			timestamp: ['min'],
+			options: ['min'],
+			'options[0]': ['refine'],
+			'options[1]': ['refine'],
+			'nested.key': ['refine'],
+			files: ['required'],
+			nested: ['refine'],
+			list: ['max'],
+			'list[0].key': ['required'],
 		};
 
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema, stripEmptyValue: true })).toEqual({
@@ -258,17 +258,17 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		};
 		const error = {
 			text: ['min', 'regex', 'refine'],
-			number: 'step',
-			timestamp: 'min',
-			options: 'min',
-			'options[0]': 'refine',
-			'options[1]': 'refine',
-			'nested.key': 'refine',
-			nested: 'refine',
-			list: 'max',
-			'list[0].key': 'refine',
-			'list[0]': 'refine',
-			'': 'refine',
+			number: ['step'],
+			timestamp: ['min'],
+			options: ['min'],
+			'options[0]': ['refine'],
+			'options[1]': ['refine'],
+			'nested.key': ['refine'],
+			nested: ['refine'],
+			list: ['max'],
+			'list[0].key': ['refine'],
+			'list[0]': ['refine'],
+			'': ['refine'],
 		};
 
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema, stripEmptyValue: false })).toEqual({
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 				text: 'abc',
 			},
 			error: {
-				text: 'The field is too short',
+				text: ['The field is too short'],
 			},
 		});
 	});
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema: createSchema() })).toEqual({
 			...submission,
 			error: {
-				email: '__undefined__',
+				email: ['__undefined__'],
 			},
 		});
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema: createSchema(() => false) })).toEqual({
 			...submission,
 			error: {
-				email: 'Email is invalid',
+				email: ['Email is invalid'],
 			},
 		});
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema: createSchema(() => true) })).toEqual({
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		).toEqual({
 			...submission,
 			error: {
-				email: '__skipped__',
+				email: ['__skipped__'],
 			},
 		});
 		expect(
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		).toEqual({
 			...submission,
 			error: {
-				email: '__skipped__',
+				email: ['__skipped__'],
 			},
 		});
 		expect(
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ test.describe('conform-zod', () => {
 		).toEqual({
 			...submission,
 			error: {
-				email: 'Email is invalid',
+				email: ['Email is invalid'],
 			},
 		});
 		expect(parse(formData, { schema: createSchema(() => true, true) })).toEqual(
diff --git a/tests/react.spec.ts b/tests/react.spec.ts
index c592bb82..44470137 100644
--- a/tests/react.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/react.spec.ts
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ test.describe('Client Validation', () => {
 				email: '',
 			},
 			error: {
-				email: 'Email is required',
-				password: 'Password is required',
+				email: ['Email is required'],
+				password: ['Password is required'],
 			},
 		});
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ test.describe('Client Validation', () => {
 				email: 'invalid email',
 			},
 			error: {
-				password: 'Password is required',
+				password: ['Password is required'],
 			},
 		});
 	});