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04-certificate-authority.md

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配置 CA 并创建 TLS 证书

我们将使用 CloudFlare's PKI 工具 cfssl 来配置 PKI Infrastructure，然后使用它去创建 Certificate Authority（CA）， 并为 etcd、kube-apiserver、kubelet 以及 kube-proxy 创建 TLS 证书。

Certificate Authority

本节创建用于生成其他 TLS 证书的 Certificate Authority。

新建 CA 配置文件

cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "8760h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "usages": ["signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth"],
        "expiry": "8760h"
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

新建 CA 凭证簽发请求文件:

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "Kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "US",
      "L": "Portland",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "CA",
      "ST": "Oregon"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成 CA 凭证和私钥:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

结果将生成以下两个文件：

ca-key.pem
ca.pem

client 与 server 凭证

本节将创建用于 Kubernetes 组件的 client 与 server 凭证，以及一个用于 Kubernetes admin 用户的 client 凭证。

Admin 客户端凭证

创建 admin client 凭证簽发请求文件:

cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "US",
      "L": "Portland",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Oregon"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

创建 admin client 凭证和私钥:

cfssl gencert \
  -ca=ca.pem \
  -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
  -config=ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes \
  admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

结果将生成以下两个文件

admin-key.pem
admin.pem

Kubelet 客户端凭证

Kubernetes 使用 special-purpose authorization mode（被称作 Node Authorizer）授权来自 Kubelet 的 API 请求。为了通过 Node Authorizer 的授权, Kubelet 必须使用一个署名为 system:node:<nodeName> 的凭证来证明它属于 system:nodes 用户组。本节将会给每台 worker 节点创建符合 Node Authorizer 要求的凭证。

给每台 worker 节点创建凭证和私钥：

for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
cat > ${instance}-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:node:${instance}",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "US",
      "L": "Portland",
      "O": "system:nodes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Oregon"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
  --format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')

INTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
  --format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)')

cfssl gencert \
  -ca=ca.pem \
  -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
  -config=ca-config.json \
  -hostname=${instance},${EXTERNAL_IP},${INTERNAL_IP} \
  -profile=kubernetes \
  ${instance}-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ${instance}
done

结果将产生以下几个文件：

worker-0-key.pem
worker-0.pem
worker-1-key.pem
worker-1.pem
worker-2-key.pem
worker-2.pem

Kube-proxy 客户端凭证

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "US",
      "L": "Portland",
      "O": "system:node-proxier",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Oregon"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert \
  -ca=ca.pem \
  -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
  -config=ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes \
  kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

结果将产生以下两个文件：

kube-proxy-key.pem
kube-proxy.pem

Kubernetes API Server 证书

为了保证客户端与 Kubernetes API 的认证，Kubernetes API Server 凭证 中必需包含 kubernetes-the-hard-way 的静态 IP 地址。

首先查询 kubernetes-the-hard-way 的静态 IP 地址:

KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
  --region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
  --format 'value(address)')

创建 Kubernetes API Server 凭证簽发请求文件:

cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "US",
      "L": "Portland",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Oregon"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

创建 Kubernetes API Server 凭证与私钥:

cfssl gencert \
  -ca=ca.pem \
  -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
  -config=ca-config.json \
  -hostname=10.32.0.1,10.240.0.10,10.240.0.11,10.240.0.12,${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS},127.0.0.1,kubernetes.default \
  -profile=kubernetes \
  kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes

结果产生以下两个文件:

kubernetes-key.pem
kubernetes.pem

分发客户端和服务器证书

将客户端凭证以及私钥复制到每个工作节点上:

for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
  gcloud compute scp ca.pem ${instance}-key.pem ${instance}.pem ${instance}:~/
done

将服务器凭证以及私钥复制到每个控制节点上:

for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
  gcloud compute scp ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem ${instance}:~/
done

kube-proxy 和 kubelet client 凭证将会在下一节中用来创建客户端簽发请求文件。

下一步：配置和生成 Kubernetes 配置文件。