commands.md

Commands used in Learning Linux Command Line from LinkedIn Learning

01_01 - Creating a Linux virtual machine

sudo apt install gcc make perl

02_03 - Write commands in a shell at the prompt

ls

ls -l

ls

list (invalid command)

jhsdgjhksad (invalid command)

02_04 - Finding help for commands

man ls

ls --help

apropos list

02_05 - Helpful keyboard shortcuts in the terminal

ls -l De followed by the Tab key

ls -l Do followed by the Tab key twice

ls -l Doc followed by the Tab key

a followed by the Tab key

clear (used throughout the course)

03_01 - The Linux file system

ls -l

file Documents

stat Documents

03_03 - Navigating the file system

cd Documents/

pwd

cd Exercise Files (invalid command)

cd Exercise\ Files

pwd

ls

ls -R departments/

cd departments/hr/policies

cd ..

cd ..

cd hr/policies

cd ../../finance/documents

cd -

cd

03_04 - Exploring the output of the ls command

ls

ls --color=always

cd Documents/Exercise\ Files

ls -l

ls -lh

03_05 - Create and remove directories

mkdir newfolder

ls -l

mkdir departments/customerservice

mkdir departments/customerservice/documents departments/customerservice/cases departments/customerservice/awards

mkdir -p departments/legal/contracts

rmdir departments/legal/contracts/

rmdir departments/legal/

rmdir departments/customerservice

03_06 - Copy, move, and delete files and directories

cp poems.txt poems2.txt

ls

cp simple_data.txt departments/hr/employee\ info/

ls departments/hr/employee\ info/

mv poems2.txt departments/marketing

ls departments/marketing/

ls

mv departments/marketing/poems2.txt departments/marketing/literature.txt

ls departments/marketing/

mv departments/marketing/literature.txt .

ls

ls

mv *.txt departments/marketing/

ls departments/marketing/

mv departments/marketing/* .

ls

rm literature.txt

ls

cp poems.txt poems3.txt

cp poems.txt poems4.txt

ls

rm poems?.txt

ls

rm departments/customerservice/

rm -r departments/customerservice/

03_07 - Find files from the command line

find . -name "poe*"

find . -name "do*"

find . -name "d*"

find . -name "*d*"

find ~/Documents -name "*d*"

03_08 - Understand user roles and sudo

ls /root

sudo ls /root

sudo ls /root

sudo -k

sudo ls /root

sudo -s

exit

03_10 - Modify file permissions

ls

./test.sh

ls -l test.sh

stat test.sh

chmod 644 test.sh followed by Ctrl+C

chmod -x test.sh

./test.sh

bash test.sh

cat test.sh

chmod u-r test.sh

chmod 244 test.sh followed by Ctrl+C

cat test.sh

chmod 755 test.sh

./test.sh

cat test.sh

touch newfile

stat newfile

ls -l

nano test.sh

sudo chown root test.sh

nano test.sh

ls -l test.sh

sudo chown [username] test.sh (replace [username] with your user name)

03_11 - Create hard and symbolic links

ln -s poems.txt writing.txt

ls -l

cat writing.txt

ln poems.txt words.txt

ls -l

04_02 - Use pipes to connect commands together

echo "Hello"

echo "Hello" | wc

echo "Hello world from the command line" | wc

04_03 - View text files with cat, head, tail, and less

cat poems.txt

head poems.txt

head -n5 poems.txt

tail -n3 poems.txt

cat poems.txt | cat -n | tail -n5

cat poems.txt | tail -n5 | cat -n

less poems.txt

cat poems.txt | less

04_04 - Search for text in files and streams with grep

grep "the" poems.txt

grep -n "the" poems.txt

grep -n "The" poems.txt

grep -in "The" poems.txt

grep -vi "the" poems.txt``grep -E "\w{6.}" poems.txt

04_05 - Manipulate text with awk, sed, and sort

cat simple_data.txt

awk '{print $2}' simple_data.txt

awk '{print $2 "\t" $1}' simple_data.txt

awk '{print $2 "\t" $1}' simple_data.txt | sort -n

cat simple_data.txt

sort simple_data.txt

sort -k2 simple_data.txt

cat dupes.txt

sort -u dupes.txt

04_06 - Edit text with Vim

vi

vi poems.txt

04_07 - Edit text with nano

nano

nano poems.txt

04_08 - Working with tar and zip archives

cd ..

tar -cvf myfiles.tar Exercise\ Files/

ls -l

tar -caf myfiles.tar.gz Exercise\ Files/

tar -caf myfiles.tar.bz2 Exercise\ Files/

ls -lh

mkdir unpack1

mv myfiles.tar.bz2 unpack1/

cd unpack1/

tar -xf myfiles.tar.bz2

ls -l

cd Exercise\ Files

ls

cd ~/Documents/

mkdir unpack2

tar -xf myfiles.tar.gz -C unpack2

ls unpack2

zip -r exfiles.zip Exercise\ Files/

ls -lh

mkdir unpack3

mv exfiles.zip unpack3

cd unpack3

unzip exfiles.zip

ls -l

cd ..

mkdir unpack4

unzip unpack3/exfiles.zip -d unpack4

ls -l unpack4

04_11 - Output redirection

cd Exercise\ Files

ls

ls 1> filelist.txt

cat filelist.txt

ls > filelist2.txt

cat filelist2.txt

ls notreal

ls notreal > filelist3.txt

ls notreal 2> filelist4.txt

cat filelist4.txt

>filelist4.txt

cat filelist4.txt

ls > filelist5.txt

echo "some appended text" >> filelist5.txt

cat filelist5.txt

04_12 - Exploring environment variables and PATH

env

echo $PATH

which ls

which less

ls -a

nano ~/.bash_profile

05_01 - Find information about your Linux distribution

ls -l /etc/*release

cat /etc/lsb-release

cat /etc/os-release

cat /etc/*release

uname -a

uname -r

05_02 - Find system hardware and disk information

free -h

cat /proc/cpuinfo

lscpu

df -h

sudo du -hd1 /

sudo lshw | less

ip a

05_03 - Install and update software with a package manager

apt search tree

apt show tree

tree

sudo apt update

sudo apt install tree

tree

man tree

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade