kk_ihex.h

/*
 * kk_ihex.h: A simple library for reading and writing the Intel HEX
 * or IHEX format. Intended mainly for embedded systems, and thus
 * somewhat optimised for size at the expense of error handling and
 * generality.
 *
 *      USAGE
 *      -----
 *
 * The library has been split into read and write parts, which use a
 * common data structure (`struct ihex_state`), but each can be used
 * independently. Include the header `kk_ihex_read.h` for reading, and/or
 * the header `kk_ihex_write.h` for writing (and link with their respective
 * object files). Both can be used simultaneously - this header defines
 * the shared data structures and definitions.
 *
 *
 *      READING INTEL HEX DATA
 *      ----------------------
 *
 * To read data in the Intel HEX format, you must perform the actual reading
 * of bytes using other means (e.g., stdio). The bytes read must then be
 * passed to `ihex_read_byte` and/or `ihex_read_bytes`. The reading functions
 * will then call `ihex_data_read`, at which stage the `struct ihex_state`
 * structure will contain the data along with its address. See the header
 * `kk_ihex_read.h` for details and example implementation of `ihex_data_read`.
 *
 * The sequence to read data in IHEX format is:
 *      struct ihex_state ihex;
 *      ihex_begin_read(&ihex);
 *      ihex_read_bytes(&ihex, my_input_bytes, length_of_my_input_bytes);
 *      ihex_end_read(&ihex);
 *
 *
 *      WRITING BINARY DATA AS INTEL HEX
 *      --------------------------------
 *
 * In order to write out data, the `ihex_write_at_address` or
 * `ihex_write_at_segment` functions are used to set the data location,
 * and then the binary bytes are written with `ihex_write_byte` and/or
 * `ihex_write_bytes`. The writing functions will then call the function
 * `ihex_flush_buffer` whenever the internal write buffer needs to be
 * cleared - it is up to the caller to provide an implementation of
 * `ihex_flush_buffer` to do the actual writing. See the header
 * `kk_ihex_write.h` for details and an example implementation.
 *
 * See the declaration further down for an example implementation.
 *
 * The sequence to write data in IHEX format is:
 *      struct ihex_state ihex;
 *      ihex_init(&ihex);
 *      ihex_write_at_address(&ihex, 0);
 *      ihex_write_bytes(&ihex, my_data, length_of_my_data);
 *      ihex_end_write(&ihex);
 *
 * For outputs larger than 64KiB, 32-bit linear addresses are output. Normally
 * the initial linear extended address record of zero is NOT written - it can
 * be forced by setting `ihex->flags |= IHEX_FLAG_ADDRESS_OVERFLOW` before
 * writing the first byte.
 *
 * Gaps in the data may be created by calling `ihex_write_at_address` with the
 * new starting address without calling `ihex_end_write` in between.
 *
 *
 * The same `struct ihex_state` may be used either for reading or writing,
 * but NOT both at the same time. Furthermore, a global output buffer is
 * used for writing, i.e., multiple threads must not write simultaneously
 * (but multiple writes may be interleaved).
 *
 *
 *      CONSERVING MEMORY
 *      -----------------
 *
 * For memory-critical use, you can save additional memory by defining
 * `IHEX_LINE_MAX_LENGTH` as something less than 255. Note, however, that
 * this limit affects both reading and writing, so the resulting library
 * will be unable to read lines with more than this number of data bytes.
 * That said, I haven't encountered any IHEX files with more than 32
 * data bytes per line. For write only there is no reason to define the
 * maximum as greater than the line length you'll actually be writing,
 * e.g., 32 or 16.
 *
 * If the write functionality is only occasionally used, you can provide
 * your own buffer for the duration by defining `IHEX_EXTERNAL_WRITE_BUFFER`
 * and providing a `char *ihex_write_buffer` which points to valid storage
 * for at least `IHEX_WRITE_BUFFER_LENGTH` characters from before the first
 * call to any IHEX write function to until after the last.
 *
 * If you are doing both reading and writing, you can define the maximum
 * output length separately as `IHEX_MAX_OUTPUT_LINE_LENGTH` - this will
 * decrease the write buffer size, but `struct ihex_state` will still
 * use the larger `IHEX_LINE_MAX_LENGTH` for its data storage.
 *
 * You can also save a few additional bytes by disabling support for
 * segmented addresses, by defining `IHEX_DISABLE_SEGMENTS`. Both the
 * read and write modules need to be build with the same option, as the
 * resulting data structures will not be compatible otherwise. To be honest,
 * this is a fairly pointless optimisation.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Kimmo Kulovesi, https://arkku.com/
 * Provided with absolutely no warranty, use at your own risk only.
 * Use and distribute freely, mark modified copies as such.
 */

#ifndef KK_IHEX_H
#define KK_IHEX_H

#define KK_IHEX_VERSION "2019-08-07"

#include <stdint.h>

#ifdef IHEX_USE_STDBOOL
#include <stdbool.h>
typedef bool ihex_bool_t;
#else
typedef uint_fast8_t ihex_bool_t;
#endif

typedef uint_least32_t ihex_address_t;
typedef uint_least16_t ihex_segment_t;
typedef int ihex_count_t;

// Maximum number of data bytes per line (applies to both reading and
// writing!); specify 255 to support reading all possible lengths. Less
// can be used to limit memory footprint on embedded systems, e.g.,
// most programs with IHEX output use 32.
#ifndef IHEX_LINE_MAX_LENGTH
#define IHEX_LINE_MAX_LENGTH 255
#endif

enum ihex_flags {
    IHEX_FLAG_ADDRESS_OVERFLOW = 0x80   // 16-bit address overflow
};
typedef uint8_t ihex_flags_t;

typedef struct ihex_state {
    ihex_address_t  address;
#ifndef IHEX_DISABLE_SEGMENTS
    ihex_segment_t  segment;
#endif
    ihex_flags_t    flags;
    uint8_t         line_length;
    uint8_t         length;
    uint8_t         data[IHEX_LINE_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
} kk_ihex_t;

enum ihex_record_type {
    IHEX_DATA_RECORD,
    IHEX_END_OF_FILE_RECORD,
    IHEX_EXTENDED_SEGMENT_ADDRESS_RECORD,
    IHEX_START_SEGMENT_ADDRESS_RECORD,
    IHEX_EXTENDED_LINEAR_ADDRESS_RECORD,
    IHEX_START_LINEAR_ADDRESS_RECORD
};
typedef uint8_t ihex_record_type_t;

#ifndef IHEX_DISABLE_SEGMENTS

// Resolve segmented address (if any). It is the author's recommendation that
// segmented addressing not be used (and indeed the write function of this
// library uses linear 32-bit addressing unless manually overridden).
//
#define IHEX_LINEAR_ADDRESS(ihex) ((ihex)->address + (((ihex_address_t)((ihex)->segment)) << 4))
//
// Note that segmented addressing with the above macro is not strictly adherent
// to the IHEX specification, which mandates that the lowest 16 bits of the
// address and the index of the data byte must be added modulo 64K (i.e.,
// at 16 bits precision with wraparound) and the segment address only added
// afterwards.
//
// To implement fully correct segmented addressing, compute the address
// of _each byte_ with its index in `data` as follows:
//
#define IHEX_BYTE_ADDRESS(ihex, byte_index) ((((ihex)->address + (byte_index)) & 0xFFFFU) + (((ihex_address_t)((ihex)->segment)) << 4))

#else // IHEX_DISABLE_SEGMENTS:

#define IHEX_LINEAR_ADDRESS(ihex) ((ihex)->address)
#define IHEX_BYTE_ADDRESS(ihex, byte_index) ((ihex)->address + (byte_index))

#endif

// The newline string (appended to every output line, e.g., "\r\n")
#ifndef IHEX_NEWLINE_STRING
#define IHEX_NEWLINE_STRING "\n"
#endif

// See kk_ihex_read.h and kk_ihex_write.h for function declarations!

#endif // !KK_IHEX_H