[BUG] [Spark 4] Raw Cudf/JNI exception encountered during casting with ANSI enabled

[mythrocks]

Description
With ANSI enabled, when a cast operation fails, one sees raw CUDF exceptions rather than the appropriate Spark exception.

This problem is not exclusive to Spark 4; this behaviour also occurs on Spark 3.x, but only with ANSI enabled.

Repro
Consider the following String cast example:

Seq( "", "", "" ).toDF("a").write.mode("overwrite").parquet("/tmp/myth/test_input")

spark.read.parquet("/tmp/myth/test_input").selectExpr(" CAST(a AS INTEGER)").show

With ANSI enabled, empty strings should cause exceptions rather than yield NULLs.

On Apache Spark 4, the exception looks like:

org.apache.spark.SparkNumberFormatException: [CAST_INVALID_INPUT] The value '' of the type "STRING" cannot be cast to "INT" because it is malformed. Correct the value as per the syntax, or change its target type. Use `try_cast` to tolerate malformed input and return NULL instead. If necessary set "spark.sql.ansi.enabled" to "false" to bypass this error. SQLSTATE: 22018
== SQL (line 1, position 1) ==
cast(a as integer)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  at org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryExecutionErrors$.invalidInputInCastToNumberError(QueryExecutionErrors.scala:145)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.UTF8StringUtils$.withException(UTF8StringUtils.scala:51)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.UTF8StringUtils$.toIntExact(UTF8StringUtils.scala:34)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Cast.$anonfun$castToInt$2(Cast.scala:801)
  ...

When ANSI is enabled with the spark-rapids plugin, one sees:

com.nvidia.spark.rapids.jni.CastException: Error casting data on row 0:
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.jni.CastStrings.toInteger(Native Method)
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.jni.CastStrings.toInteger(CastStrings.java:50)
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.jni.CastStrings.toInteger(CastStrings.java:37)
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.GpuCast$.doCast(GpuCast.scala:551)
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.GpuCast.doColumnar(GpuCast.scala:1816)
        at com.nvidia.spark.rapids.GpuUnaryExpression.doItColumnar(GpuExpressions.scala:276)

Expected behavior
One would expect that the CUDF exception would be caught and handled (or wrapped into a Spark-specific exception).

Environment details

• ANSI enabled
• Spark 4, 3.x

Additional context
This is an ANSI mode test. This won't be addressed as part of #11009. It's likely to need RapidsErrorUtils shim work.