raw.md.txt

Network Working Group                                        A. Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft                                                 A. Iklody
Intended status: Informational                                D. Servili
Expires: 26 June 2024                                              CIRCL
                                                        24 December 2023


                           MISP galaxy format
                                draft-08

Abstract

   This document describes the MISP galaxy format which describes a
   simple JSON format to represent galaxies and clusters that can be
   attached to MISP events or attributes.  A public directory of MISP
   galaxies is available and relies on the MISP galaxy format.  MISP
   galaxies are used to add further informations on a MISP event.  MISP
   galaxy is a public repository [MISP-G] [MISP-G-DOC] of known malware,
   threats actors and various other collections of data that can be used
   to mark, classify or label data in threat information sharing.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 June 2024.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  values  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.3.  related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.4.  meta  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  JSON Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.1.  MISP galaxy format - galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.2.  MISP galaxy format - clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   4.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   5.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   6.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   Sharing threat information became a fundamental requirements on the
   Internet, security and intelligence community at large.  Threat
   information can include indicators of compromise, malicious file
   indicators, financial fraud indicators or even detailed information
   about a threat actor.  Some of these informations, such as malware or
   threat actors are common to several security events.  MISP galaxy is
   a public repository [MISP-G] of known malware, threats actors and
   various other collections of data that can be used to mark, classify
   or label data in threat information sharing.

   In the MISP galaxy context, clusters help analysts to give more
   informations about their cybersecurity events, indicators or threats.
   MISP galaxies can be used for classification, filtering, triggering
   actions or visualisation depending on their use in threat
   intelligence platforms such as MISP [MISP-P].

1.1.  Conventions and Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

2.  Format

   A cluster is composed of a value (MUST), a description (OPTIONAL) and
   metadata (OPTIONAL).

   Clusters are represented as a JSON [RFC8259] dictionary.




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2.1.  Overview

   The MISP galaxy format uses the JSON [RFC8259] format.  Each galaxy
   is represented as a JSON object with meta information including the
   following fields: name, uuid, description, version, type, authors,
   source, values, category.

   name defines the name of the galaxy.  The name is represented as a
   string and MUST be present.  The uuid represents the Universally
   Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of the object reference.  The uuid
   MUST be preserved.  For any updates or transfer of the same object
   reference.  UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a new
   object reference and MUST be present.  The description is represented
   as a string and MUST be present.  The uuid is represented as a string
   and MUST be present.  The version is represented as a decimal and
   MUST be present.  The type is represented as a string and MUST be
   present and MUST match the name of the galaxy file.  The source is
   represented as a string and MUST be present.  Authors are represented
   as an array containing one or more authors and MUST be present.  The
   category is represented as a string and MUST be present and describes
   the overall category of the galaxy such as tool or actor.

   Values are represented as an array containing one or more values and
   MUST be present.  Values defines all values available in the galaxy.

2.2.  values

   The values array contains one or more JSON objects which represent
   all the possible values in the galaxy.  The JSON object contains four
   fields: value, description, uuid and meta.  The value is represented
   as a string and MUST be present.  The description is represented as a
   string and SHOULD be present.  The meta or metadata is represented as
   a JSON list and SHOULD be present.  The uuid represents the
   Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of the value
   reference.  The uuid SHOULD can be present and MUST be preserved.

2.3.  related

   Related contains a list of JSON key value pairs which describe the
   related values in this galaxy cluster or to other galaxy clusters.
   The JSON object contains three fields, dest-uuid, type and tags.  The
   dest-uuid represents the target UUID which encompasses a relation of
   some type.  The dest-uuid is represented as a string and MUST be
   present.  The type is represented as a string and MUST be present and
   SHOULD be selected from the relationship types available in MISP
   objects [MISP-R].  The tags is a list of string which labels the
   related relationship such as the level of similarities, level of
   certainty, trust or confidence in the relationship, false-positive.



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   A tag is represented in machine tag format which is a string an
   SHOULD be present.

"related": [ {
  "dest-uuid": "f873db71-3d53-41d5-b141-530675ade27a",
  "type": "similar",
  "tags": ["estimative-language:likelihood-probability=\"very-likely\""]
} ]

2.4.  meta

   Meta contains a list of custom defined JSON key value pairs.  Users
   SHOULD reuse commonly used keys such as complexity, effectiveness,
   country, external_id, possible_issues, colour, motive, impact, refs,
   synonyms, status, date, encryption, extensions, ransomnotes,
   ransomnotes-filenames, ransomnotes-refs, suspected-victims,
   suspected-state-sponsor, type-of-incident, target-category, cfr-
   suspected-victims, cfr-suspected-state-sponsor, cfr-type-of-incident,
   cfr-target-category, suspected-victims, suspected-state-sponsor,
   attribution-confidence, payment-method, price, spoken-language,
   official-refs wherever applicable.  Additional meta field MAY be
   added without the need to be referenced or registered in advance.

   refs, synonyms, official-refs SHALL be used to give further
   informations. refs is represented as an array containing one or more
   strings and SHALL be present. synonyms is represented as an array
   containing one or more strings and SHALL be present. official-refs is
   represented as an array containing one or more strings and SHALL be
   present.

   date, status MAY be used to give time information about an cluster.
   date is represented as a string describing a time or period and SHALL
   be present. status is represented as a string describing the current
   status of the clusters.  It MAY also describe a time or period and
   SHALL be present.

   colour fields MAY be used at predicates or values level to set a
   specify colour that MAY be used by the implementation.  The colour
   field is described as an RGB colour fill in hexadecimal
   representation.

   complexity, effectiveness, impact, possible_issues MAY be used to
   give further information in preventive-measure galaxy. complexity is
   represented by an enumerated value from a fixed vocabulary and SHALL
   be present. effectiveness is represented by an enumerated value from
   a fixed vocabulary and SHALL be present. impact is represented by an
   enumerated value from a fixed vocabulary and SHALL be present.
   possible_issues is represented as a string and SHOULD be present.



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   Example use of the complexity, effectiveness, impact, possible_issues
   fields in the preventive-measure galaxy:

{
  "meta": {
    "refs": [
      "http://www.windowsnetworking.com/kbase/WindowsTips/WindowsXP/AdminTips/Customization/DisableWindowsScriptingHostWSH.html"
    ],
    "complexity": "Low",
    "effectiveness": "Medium",
    "impact": "Medium",
    "type": [
      "GPO"
    ],
    "possible_issues": "Administrative VBS scripts on Workstations"
  },
  "value": "Disable WSH",
  "description": "Disable Windows Script Host",
  "uuid": "e6df1619-f8b3-476c-b5cf-22b4c9e9dd7f"
}

   country, motive, spoken-language MAY be used to give further
   information in threat-actor galaxy. country is represented as a
   string and SHOULD be present. motive is represented as a string and
   SHOULD be present. spoken-language is represented as an array
   containing one or more strings describing a language using ISO 639-2
   code and SHALL be present.

   Example use of the country, motive fields in the threat-actor galaxy:






















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   {
     "meta": {
       "country": "CN",
       "synonyms": [
         "APT14",
         "APT 14",
         "QAZTeam",
         "ALUMINUM"
       ],
       "refs": [
         "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-anchor-panda/"
       ],
       "motive": "Espionage",
       "attribution-confidence": 50
     },
     "value": "Anchor Panda",
     "description": "PLA Navy",
     "uuid": "c82c904f-b3b4-40a2-bf0d-008912953104"
   }

   encryption, extensions, ransomnotes, ransomnotes-filenames,
   ransomnotes-refs, payment-method, price MAY be used to give further
   information in ransomware galaxy. encryption is represented as a
   string and SHALL be present. extensions is represented as an array
   containing one or more strings and SHALL be present. ransomnotes is
   represented as an array containing one or more strings ans SHALL be
   present. ransomnotes-filenames is represented as an array containing
   one or more strings ans SHALL be present. ransomnotes-refs is
   represented as an array containing one or more strings ans SHALL be
   present. payment-method is represented as a string and SHALL be
   present. price is represented as a string and SHALL be present.

   Example use of the encryption, extensions, ransomnotes fields in the
   ransomware galaxy:

















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{
  "description": "Similar to Samas and BitPaymer, Ryuk is specifically used to target enterprise environments. Code comparison between versions of Ryuk and Hermes ransomware indicates that Ryuk was derived from the Hermes source code and has been under steady development since its release. Hermes is commodity ransomware that has been observed for sale on forums and used by multiple threat actors. However, Ryuk is only used by GRIM SPIDER and, unlike Hermes, Ryuk has only been used to target enterprise environments. Since Ryuk’s appearance in August, the threat actors operating it have netted over 705.80 BTC across 52 transactions for a total current value of $3,701,893.98 USD.",
  "meta": {
    "ransomnotes-filenames": [
      "RyukReadMe.txt"
    ],
    "ransomnotes-refs": [
      "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/RansomeNote-fig3.png",
      "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/RansomeNote-fig4.png"
    ],
    "refs": [
      "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/"
    ]
  },
  "uuid": "f9464c80-b776-4f37-8682-ffde0cf8f718",
  "value": "Ryuk ransomware"
}

   Example use of the payment-method, price fields in the ransomware
   galaxy:

{
  "description": "This is most likely to affect English speaking users, since the note is written in English. English is understood worldwide, thus anyone can be harmed. The hacker spread the virus using email spam, fake updates, and harmful attachments. All your files are compromised including music, MS Office, Open Office, pictures, videos, shared online files etc..",
  "meta": {
    "date": "March 2017",
    "encryption": "AES-128",
    "extensions": [
      ".enc"
    ],
    "payment-method": "Bitcoin",
    "price": "0.1",
    "ransomnotes": [
      "Blocked Your computer has been blocked All your files are encrypted. To access your PC, you need to send to Bitcoin at the address below loading Step 1: Go to xxxxs : //wvw.coinbase.com/ siqnup Step 2: Create an account and follow the instructions Step 3: Go to the \"Buy Bitcoins\" section and then buy Bitcoin Step 4: Go to the \"Send\" section, enter the address above and the amount (0.1 Bitcoin) Step 5: Click on the button below to verify the payment, your files will be decrypted and the virus will disappear 'Check' If you try to bypass the lock, all files will be published on the Internet, as well as your login for all sites."
    ],
    "refs": [
      "https://id-ransomware.blogspot.co.il/2017/03/cryptomeister-ransomware.html"
    ]
  },
  "uuid": "4c76c845-c5eb-472c-93a1-4178f86c319b",
  "value": "CryptoMeister Ransomware"
}

   source-uuid, target-uuid SHALL be used to describe relationships.
   source-uuid and target-uuid represent the Universally Unique
   IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of the value reference. source-uuid and
   target-uuid MUST be preserved.





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   Example use of the source-uuid, target-uuid fields in the mitre-
   enterprise-attack-relationship galaxy:

   {
     "meta": {
       "source-uuid": "222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
       "target-uuid": "2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78"
     },
     "uuid": "cfc7da70-d7c5-4508-8f50-1c3107269633",
     "value": "menuPass (G0045) uses EvilGrab (S0152)"
   }

   cfr-suspected-victims, cfr-suspected-state-sponsor, cfr-type-of-
   incident and cfr-target-category MAY be used to report information
   gathered from CFR's (Council on Foreign Relations) [CFR] Cyber
   Operations Tracker.  cfr-suspected-victims is represented as an array
   containing one or more strings and SHALL be present. cfr-suspected-
   state-sponsor is represented as a string and SHALL be present. cfr-
   type-of-incident is represented as a string or an array and SHALL be
   present.  RECOMMENDED but not exhaustive list of possible values for
   cfr-type-of-incident includes "Espionage", "Denial of service",
   "Sabotage". cfr-target-category is represented as an array containing
   one or more strings ans SHALL be present.  RECOMMENDED but not
   exhaustive list of possible values for cfr-target-category includes
   "Private sector", "Government", "Civil society", "Military".

   Example use of the cfr-suspected-victims, cfr-suspected-state-
   sponsor, cfr-type-of-incident, cfr-target-category fields in the
   threat-actor galaxy:






















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{
  "meta": {
    "country": "CN",
    "refs": [
      "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the_eps_awakens.html",
      "https://www.cfr.org/interactive/cyber-operations/apt-16"
    ],
    "cfr-suspected-victims": [
      "Japan",
      "Taiwan"
    ],
    "cfr-suspected-state-sponsor": "China",
    "cfr-type-of-incident": "Espionage",
    "cfr-target-category": [
      "Private sector"
    ],
    "attribution-confidence": 50
  },
  "value": "APT 16",
  "uuid": "1f73e14f-b882-4032-a565-26dc653b0daf"
},

   attribution-confidence MAY be used to indicate the confidence about
   an attribution given by country or cfr-suspected-state-sponsor.
   attribution-confidence is represented on a scale from 0 to 100, where
   50 means "no information", the values under 50 mean "probably not,
   almost certainly not to impossibility", the values above 50 means
   "from probable, almost certain to certainty" and SHALL be present if
   country or cfr-suspected-state-sponsor are present.

   Impossibility        no information          Certainty
                              +
                              |
          +-------------------+------------------>

          0                  50                100

3.  JSON Schema

   The JSON Schema [JSON-SCHEMA] below defines the overall MISP galaxy
   formats.  The main format is the MISP galaxy format used for the
   clusters.

3.1.  MISP galaxy format - galaxy







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{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/schema#",
  "title": "Validator for misp-galaxies - Galaxies",
  "id": "https://www.github.com/MISP/misp-galaxies/schema_galaxies.json",
  "type": "object",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "description": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "type": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "version": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "icon": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "uuid": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "namespace": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "kill_chain_order": {
      "type": "object"
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "description",
    "type",
    "version",
    "name",
    "uuid"
  ]
}

3.2.  MISP galaxy format - clusters









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{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/schema#",
  "title": "Validator for misp-galaxies - Clusters",
  "id": "https://www.github.com/MISP/misp-galaxies/schema_clusters.json",
  "type": "object",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "description": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "type": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "version": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "uuid": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "source": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "category": {
      "type": "string
    },
    "values": {
      "type": "array",
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "additionalProperties": false,
        "properties": {
          "description": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "value": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "uuid": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "related": {
            "type": "array",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "items": {



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              "type": "object"
            },
            "properties": {
              "dest-uuid": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "type": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "tags": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "meta": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": true,
            "properties": {
              "type": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              },
              "complexity": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "effectiveness": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "country": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "possible_issues": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "colour": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "motive": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "impact": {



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                "type": "string"
              },
              "refs": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              },
              "synonyms": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              },
              "status": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "date": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "encryption": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "extensions": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              },
              "ransomnotes": {
                "type": "array",
                "uniqueItems": true,
                "items": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "value"
        ]
      }
    },
    "authors": {



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      "type": "array",
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      }
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "description",
    "type",
    "version",
    "name",
    "uuid",
    "values",
    "authors",
    "source",
    "category
  ]
}

4.  Acknowledgements

   The authors wish to thank all the MISP community who are supporting
   the creation of open standards in threat intelligence sharing.

5.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC4122]  Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
              Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

6.  Informative References

   [CFR]      Relations, C. O. F., "Cyber Operations Tracker - Council
              on Foreign Relations", 2018,
              <https://www.cfr.org/interactive/cyber-operations>.




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   [JSON-SCHEMA]
              Wright, A., "JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON
              Documents", 2016,
              <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wright-json-schema>.

   [MISP-G]   Community, M., "MISP Galaxy - Public Repository",
              <https://github.com/MISP/misp-galaxy>.

   [MISP-G-DOC]
              Community, M., "MISP Galaxy - Documentation of the Public
              Repository", <https://www.misp-project.org/galaxy.html>.

   [MISP-P]   Community, M., "MISP Project - Malware Information Sharing
              Platform and Threat Sharing", <https://github.com/MISP>.

   [MISP-R]   Community, M., "MISP Object Relationship Types - common
              vocabulary of relationships", <https://github.com/MISP/
              misp-objects/tree/master/relationships>.

Authors' Addresses

   Alexandre Dulaunoy
   Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
   122, rue Adolphe Fischer
   L-L-1521 Luxembourg
   Luxembourg

   Phone: +352 247 88444
   Email: alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu


   Andras Iklody
   Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
   122, rue Adolphe Fischer
   L-L-1521 Luxembourg
   Luxembourg

   Phone: +352 247 88444
   Email: andras.iklody@circl.lu


   Deborah Servili
   Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
   122, rue Adolphe Fischer
   L-L-1521 Luxembourg
   Luxembourg

   Phone: +352 247 88444



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