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RASPBERRY_PI.md

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Docker on Raspberry Pi

Install Rasbian

The best way to install raspbian onto an sd-card is to use the rpi-imager from another computer, which allows you to setup the user account, network settings, and SSH credentials all from the imager software.

  • Download the Raspberry PI Imager or install rpi-imager from your package manager.

  • Run rpi-imager.

  • Click on the menu labled Rasperry Pi Device.

    • Choose your model of raspberry pi.

  • Click on the menu labeled Operating System

    • Choose Raspberry PI OS (other)
    • Choose Raspberry PI OS Lite (64-bit).

  • Click on the menu labeled Storage.

    • Choose the Storage device to install to.
    • You may need to change the ownership of the device (eg. I had to do sudo chown ryan /dev/sdb first).

  • Click Next.

  • Click Edit Settings.

    • On the General tab:

      • Enter the hostname
      • Enter a username and password.
      • Optionally setup the Wifi (I just ethernet instead).
      • Set locale settings. I set mine to UTC.

    • On the Services tab:

      • Click Enable SSH
      • Choose Allow pulbic-key authentication only
      • Paste the list of your SSH public keys into the box. (Find them on your workstation by running ssh-add -L or look in ~/.ssh/*.pub)

    • On the Options tab:

      • Unselect Enable telemetry unless you're into that sort of thing.

  • Click Yes to the question Would you like to apply OS custom settings.

  • Confirm you would like to write to the sd-card and wait for it to complete.

  • Once complete, unplug the sd-card, put it into the raspberry pi, plug in the ethernet, and power it on.

Setup ssh config on your workstation

  • Create an SSH config entry in $HOME/.ssh/config like so (replace X.X.X.X with the ip address of the pi):
Host pi
    Hostname X.X.X.X
    User pi
    ControlMaster auto
    ControlPersist yes
    ControlPath /tmp/ssh-%u-%r@%h:%p
  • Now test SSH connection works and SSH into the pi (eg ssh pi)

Setup Raspbian

Note

the gpu_mem setting only work on the Raspberry Pi 4 and earlier. It has no effect on Raspberry Pi 5.

  • On the pi, edit the file /boot/firmware/config.txt (eg. sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt)
    • Add the following line at the bottom:
    gpu_mem=16
    • This will increase the available amount of RAM by decreasing the amount of video RAM. (16 is the minimum, 0 will not work.)
  • Reboot the pi (sudo reboot).
  • After reboot, reconnect via SSH, then run free -m to show available RAM. (On a raspberry pi 3 with 1G of RAM, you should now see a total of 975MB whereas before the gpu_mem fix it was only 926MB.)

Install Docker

  • On the pi, install docker: 
    curl -sSL https://get.docker.com | sh
  • Add the pi user (or whatever user you setup) to the docker group: 
    sudo usermod -aG docker pi
  • Test docker is working:
docker run hello-world
  • If working, you should see a Hello from Docker! message and some other help info.

Setup Docker context

From your workstation, setup the docker context to use the pi docker server through SSH:

docker context create pi --docker "host=ssh://pi"
docker context use pi

Now you can run docker commands directly from your workstation, and they will run on the pi:

docker info | grep -iE "(Name|Context)"

Setup Log2Ram

You can increase the expected lifespan of your SD card by installing log2ram