DataView

Core concepts

SlickGrid is very flexible in how it consumes the data. The data is passed to the grid via the constructor and can also be accessed using the setData(data) and getData() methods. Data itself can be either an array-like object with a length property and an indexer (data[index]) or a custom data provider implementing the following interface:

• getLength() - returns the number of data items in the set
• getItem(index) - returns the item at a given index
• getItemMetadata(index) - returns the metadata for the item at a given index (optional)

DataView (Slick.Data.DataView included in slick.dataview.js) is one such data provider and it is part of the SlickGrid package.

If all of the data is available on the client (i.e. in a JavaScript array), DataView can provide many useful features that the grid itself doesn't have. (This fact that the grid lacks these features is by design - SlickGrid tries to keep the core lean and simple while encouraging modular design and data abstraction in its API.)

DataView works by taking in your data and acting as a data provider that you pass to SlickGrid instead of your original data array. For example, if you make DataView group data, it makes the grid think that the "group" rows are just regular data items, so the grid doesn't need to be aware of them. DataView tells the grid that those items have a custom display and behavior and provides implementations of both. You then wire up DataView's onRowCountChanged and onRowsChanged events to update the grid and voila.

Here's a rough list of features that DataView adds to the grid:

• Paging.
• Multi-column sorting.
• Search.
• Multi-level grouping with totals.
• Expand/collapse groups.

DataView also enables very efficient updates in response to the changing data. Whenever something changes, it detects which rows need updating, and passes them in the onRowCountChanged and onRowsChanged events that it fires, so instead of rerendering the entire grid, you can simply invalidate the updated rows.

Getting started

To use the DataView, include slick.dataview.js:

// Create the DataView.
var dataView = new Slick.Data.DataView();

// Pass it as a data provider to SlickGrid.
var grid = new Slick.Grid(containerEl, dataView, columns, options);

// Make the grid respond to DataView change events.
dataView.onRowCountChanged.subscribe(function (e, args) {
  grid.updateRowCount();
  grid.render();
});

dataView.onRowsChanged.subscribe(function (e, args) {
  grid.invalidateRows(args.rows);
  grid.render();
});

Now we're ready to initialize it with some data. One important requirement that DataView imposes on the data it consumes is that every item has a unique identifier. DataView uses it to uniquely identify items and compare them to each other. By default, DataView uses the id property of the data item, but you can specify a different one by passing it in via an optional second argument in the setData(data, [objectIdProperty]). The id value must be serializable to a string.

var data = [
  {'id': 'l1', 'lang': 'Java'},
  {'id': 'l2', 'lang': 'JavaScript'},
  {'id': 'l3', 'lang': 'C#'},
  {'id': 'l4', 'lang': 'Python'}];

// This will fire the change events and update the grid.
dataView.setItems(data);

You can call getItems() to get the data array back.

Mapping rows vs items

Ok, let's reiterate - DataView takes in a data array as an input, manipulates it, and presents the results to the grid by acting as a data provider, i.e. exposing the data provider methods getItem(index), getLength() and getItemMetadata(index). In handling grid events, it's important to always keep in mind that the row indexes the grid refers to are, in fact, the indexes into the output of the DataView! For example, if you're handling a grid onClick event and it's giving you a row index, to look up the data item, you need to call dataView.getItem(rowIndex) and not data[rowIndex].

In general, whenever we talk about rows, we mean the data as the grid sees it, so, if you're using a DataView, that would the the output of the DataView (dataView.getItem(index)). Whenever we talk about items, we mean the input of the DataView (data[index] or dataView.getItems()[index]). You'll notice that it is somewhat confusing that getItem(index) returns a row while getItems() returns items. Unfortunately, it's this way for historical reasons. getItem(index) is part of the data provider interface. In retrospect, it would be better if the DataView exposed a getDataProvider() method.

Since each item has a unique id, they are often used to keep track of items/rows and to map one to another. DataView exposes several methods in order to map rows to items:

• getItems() - Returns the original data array.
• getIdxById(id) - Returns the index of an item with a given id.
• getRowById(id) - Returns the index of a row with a given id.
• getItemById(id) - Returns the item with a given id.
• getItemByIdx(index) - Returns the item at a given index. Equivalent to getItems()[index].
• mapIdsToRows(idArray) - Maps an array of ids into row indexes.
• mapRowsToIds(rowArray) - Maps an array of row indexes into ids.

These methods are exposed by the DataView as part of the data provider interface:

• getItem(index) - Returns the item at a given index.
• getItemMetadata(index) - Returns the item metadata at a given index.
• getLength() - Returns the number of items.

Synchronizing selection & cell CSS styles

One of the most common questions about DataView is how to synchronize the selection or cell CSS styles state on DataView changes. Let's say that the user selected a row. If they then change the filter on the DataView to hide some items, the grid gets a call to invalidate all changed rows, including the selected one, but it doesn't know that the item that was displayed there has moved somewhere else. What we need to do, is to store the ids of items that were selected, and to update the selection on the grid any time the DataView is modified.

Luckily, there is a helper method on the DataView that can take care of that:

• syncGridSelection(grid, preserveHidden) - Synchronizes grid's selected rows with the DataView by subscribing to the grid's onSelectedRowsChanged event as well as the DataView's onRowsChanged & onRowCountChanged events. If preserveHidden is true, it will preserve selected items even if they are not visible as rows. For example, if you select an item, change the DataView filter so that that item is no longer presented to the grid and then change it back, the item will remain selected. If preserveHidden is false, all selected items that can't be mapped onto rows are dropped.

The implementation is really simple, and I'll include it here for the reference:

function syncGridSelection(grid, preserveHidden) {
  var self = this;
  var selectedRowIds = self.mapRowsToIds(grid.getSelectedRows());;
  var inHandler;

  function update() {
    if (selectedRowIds.length > 0) {
      inHandler = true;
      var selectedRows = self.mapIdsToRows(selectedRowIds);
      if (!preserveHidden) {
        selectedRowIds = self.mapRowsToIds(selectedRows);
      }
      grid.setSelectedRows(selectedRows);
      inHandler = false;
    }
  }

  grid.onSelectedRowsChanged.subscribe(function(e, args) {
    if (inHandler) { return; }
    selectedRowIds = self.mapRowsToIds(grid.getSelectedRows());
  });

  this.onRowsChanged.subscribe(update);

  this.onRowCountChanged.subscribe(update);
}

NOTE: This only works with the RowSelectionModel. CellSelectionModel isn't supported yet (I'm open to pull requests!).

There is a similar helper method to synchronize the cell CSS styles:

function syncGridCellCssStyles(grid, key) {
  var hashById;
  var inHandler;

  // since this method can be called after the cell styles have been set,
  // get the existing ones right away
  storeCellCssStyles(grid.getCellCssStyles(key));

  function storeCellCssStyles(hash) {
    hashById = {};
    for (var row in hash) {
      var id = rows[row][idProperty];
      hashById[id] = hash[row];
    }
  }

  function update() {
    if (hashById) {
      inHandler = true;
      ensureRowsByIdCache();
      var newHash = {};
      for (var id in hashById) {
        var row = rowsById[id];
        if (row != undefined) {
          newHash[row] = hashById[id];
        }
      }
      grid.setCellCssStyles(key, newHash);
      inHandler = false;
    }
  }

  grid.onCellCssStylesChanged.subscribe(function(e, args) {
    if (inHandler) { return; }
    if (key != args.key) { return; }
    if (args.hash) {
      storeCellCssStyles(args.hash);
    }
  });

  this.onRowsChanged.subscribe(update);

  this.onRowCountChanged.subscribe(update);
}

Sorting

Sorting is pretty simple:

// Subscribe to the grid's onSort event.
// It only gets fired for sortable columns, so make sure your column definition has `sortable = true`.
grid.onSort.subscribe(function(e, args) {
  // args.multiColumnSort indicates whether or not this is a multi-column sort.
  // If it is, args.sortCols will have an array of {sortCol:..., sortAsc:...} objects.
  // If not, the sort column and direction will be in args.sortCol & args.sortAsc.

  // We'll use a simple comparer function here.
  var comparer = function(a, b) {
    return a[args.sortCol.field] > b[args.sortCol.field];
  }

  // Delegate the sorting to DataView.
  // This will fire the change events and update the grid.
  dataView.sort(comparer, args.sortAsc);
});

Note that calling sort() on the DataView modifies the original data array that was passed in to setItems(data)!

There's also a fastSort(field, isAscending) method on the DataView to do a fast lexicographic search that is especially handy for older versions of IE.

Updating data

Since DataView can't automatically detect when you're changing the data, you'll need to make these updates via the DataView. These updates will be applied directly to the original data array.

// Delete item with id 'l3' ('C#').
dataView.deleteItem('l3');

// Append item to the end.
dataView.addItem({'id': 'l5', 'lang': 'CoffeeScript'});

// Insert item at the beginning.
dataView.insertItem(0, {'id': 'l6', 'lang': 'TypeScript'});

// Update an existing item.
var item = dataView.getItemById('l4');
item['lang'] = 'Clojure';
dataView.updateItem('l4', item);

Each one of these updates will fire change events and the grid will get updated automatically.

Batching updates

Notice that in the example above, each update will result in the DataView recalculating its data and firing change events, resulting in the grid rerendering affected rows. If you need to make multiple changes, you should batch them up to avoid unnecessary operations:

// Suspend recalculations until endUpdate() is called.
dataView.beginUpdate();

dataView.addItem(...);
dataView.addItem(...);
dataView.sort(...);

// Indicate that we're done updating.
dataView.endUpdate();

Filtering

Paging

Grouping

Advanced topics

API reference